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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Tanzania (1)
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Zambia (2)
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Madagascar (2)
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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High Atlas (1)
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-
-
Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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High Atlas (1)
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-
-
Southern Africa
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Kalahari Craton (1)
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Karoo Basin (35)
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Lesotho (1)
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South Africa
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Cape fold belt (1)
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Cape Province region (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (15)
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Free State South Africa (5)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (3)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (2)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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Antarctica
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Coats Land (1)
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East Antarctica (2)
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Mac Robertson Land
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Prince Charles Mountains (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Beardmore Glacier (2)
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Coalsack Bluff (1)
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Queen Alexandra Range (1)
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Queen Maud Range (1)
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Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Peary Land (1)
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Asia
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Central Asia
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Zaisan (1)
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Far East
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Junggar (1)
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Junggar Basin (3)
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Turpan Basin (2)
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Yunnan China (1)
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Zhejiang China
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Changxing China (1)
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Laos (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Damodar Valley (2)
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Siberia (1)
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Australasia
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New Zealand (1)
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Bowen Basin (2)
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Canada
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Kazakhstan
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Zaisan (1)
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Russian Federation
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Europe
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Baden-Wurttemberg Germany (1)
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Poland
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Moscow Syneclise (2)
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Merano Italy (1)
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Vladimir Russian Federation (1)
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Western Europe (1)
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Galilee Basin (1)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (2)
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North America
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Great Plains (1)
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Williston Basin (1)
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Russian Platform (1)
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Shackleton Glacier (3)
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South America
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Argentina (1)
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Brazil
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Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (2)
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Parana Basin (2)
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Sydney Basin (6)
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United States
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Colorado (1)
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Nebraska
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New Mexico (1)
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Ohio (1)
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Oklahoma (1)
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Pennsylvania (1)
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Utah (1)
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USSR (1)
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commodities
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elements, isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (15)
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organic carbon (1)
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isotope ratios (15)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (15)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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metals
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mercury (1)
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nitrogen (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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fossils
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burrows (12)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (2)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Labyrinthodontia
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Temnospondyli (6)
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-
-
Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Insectivora (1)
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Lagomorpha (1)
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Rodentia
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Sciuromorpha
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Sciuridae (1)
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-
-
-
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Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Cotylosauria (2)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ornithopoda (1)
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-
-
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Eosuchia (1)
-
-
Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Cynodontia (9)
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Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (15)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ichnofossils (8)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Branchiopoda (1)
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Ostracoda (1)
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Insecta (1)
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Myriapoda (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (3)
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-
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Orbitoidacea
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Lepidocyclina (1)
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-
Rotaliacea
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Nummulitidae
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Nummulites (1)
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-
-
-
Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Orbitolinidae
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Orbitolina (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
microfossils
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Conodonta
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Hindeodus (1)
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palynomorphs
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megaspores (1)
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miospores
-
pollen (6)
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-
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Plantae
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida (1)
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Lycopsida (2)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales (1)
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-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (3)
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Cycadales (1)
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Ginkgoales (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Gangamopteris (1)
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Glossopteris
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Glossopteris flora (2)
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-
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Pteridospermae (2)
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-
-
-
tracks (1)
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-
geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (1)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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U/Pb (7)
-
-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
-
Neogene
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Hemphillian (1)
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Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
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-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
-
Triassic
-
Fremouw Formation (4)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (1)
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Olenekian (2)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (24)
-
Smithian (1)
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Spathian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (3)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
-
Narrabeen Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (2)
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Keuper (1)
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Molteno Formation (1)
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Norian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (2)
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Guadalupian (1)
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Passa Dois Group (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (2)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (24)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
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-
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Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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flood basalts (2)
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trap rocks (1)
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pyroclastics (1)
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-
volcanic ash (1)
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-
minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (2)
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-
silicates
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orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (6)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (9)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (2)
-
-
Madagascar (2)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (35)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (15)
-
Free State South Africa (5)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (3)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Coats Land (1)
-
East Antarctica (2)
-
Mac Robertson Land
-
Prince Charles Mountains (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (2)
-
Coalsack Bluff (1)
-
Queen Alexandra Range (1)
-
Queen Maud Range (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
Allan Hills (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
Peary Land (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Zaisan (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Henan China (1)
-
Meishan China (2)
-
North China Plain (1)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
South China Block (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Hami Basin (1)
-
Junggar (1)
-
Junggar Basin (3)
-
Turpan Basin (2)
-
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
Zhejiang China
-
Changxing China (1)
-
-
-
Laos (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Damodar Valley (2)
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Madhya Pradesh India (1)
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West Bengal India (2)
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
-
Australasia
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Australia
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Great Artesian Basin (1)
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New South Wales Australia (4)
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Queensland Australia (2)
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Tasmania Australia
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Tasmania Basin (1)
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-
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New Zealand (1)
-
-
bibliography (1)
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biogeography (11)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (15)
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organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Hemphillian (1)
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (2)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (6)
-
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Insectivora (1)
-
Lagomorpha (1)
-
Rodentia
-
Sciuromorpha
-
Sciuridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Cotylosauria (2)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ornithopoda (1)
-
-
-
-
Eosuchia (1)
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (9)
-
Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (15)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (6)
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continental drift (2)
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data processing (2)
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diagenesis (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Baden-Wurttemberg Germany (1)
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Poland
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Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
-
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Moscow Syneclise (2)
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Bolzano Italy
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Merano Italy (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Vladimir Russian Federation (1)
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Vologda Russian Federation (1)
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Western Europe (1)
-
-
geochemistry (6)
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ichnofossils (8)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (2)
-
-
intrusions (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda (1)
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
Myriapoda (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (3)
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Lepidocyclina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites (1)
-
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
-
Orbitolinidae
-
Orbitolina (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (15)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
-
Triassic
-
Fremouw Formation (4)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (1)
-
Olenekian (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (24)
-
Smithian (1)
-
Spathian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (3)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
-
Narrabeen Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (2)
-
Keuper (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
mercury (1)
-
-
metamorphism (1)
-
nitrogen (1)
-
nodules (1)
-
North America
-
Great Plains (1)
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
orogeny (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
paleobotany (1)
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paleoclimatology (14)
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paleoecology (26)
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paleogeography (10)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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paleontology (2)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (2)
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Passa Dois Group (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (2)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (24)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (6)
-
-
-
permafrost (1)
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Plantae
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida (1)
-
Lycopsida (2)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Equisetales (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (3)
-
Cycadales (1)
-
Ginkgoales (1)
-
Glossopteridales
-
Gangamopteris (1)
-
Glossopteris
-
Glossopteris flora (2)
-
-
-
Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (2)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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bentonite (1)
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conglomerate (1)
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mudstone (1)
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sandstone (7)
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shale (2)
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coal (4)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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planar bedding structures
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cross-stratification (1)
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secondary structures
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concretions (3)
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seismites (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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sedimentation (2)
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sediments
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peat (2)
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soils (2)
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South America
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Argentina (1)
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Brazil
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Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (2)
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Parana Basin (2)
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stratigraphy (2)
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tectonics (3)
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tectonophysics (1)
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United States
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Colorado (1)
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Kansas (1)
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Montana
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McCone County Montana (1)
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Nebraska
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New Mexico (1)
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Ohio (1)
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Oklahoma (1)
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Texas
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USSR (1)
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weathering (2)
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rock formations
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Arcadia Formation (1)
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Beaufort Group (18)
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Elliot Formation (1)
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Emeishan Basalts (1)
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Fort Union Formation (1)
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Karoo Supergroup (14)
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Siberian Traps (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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laminite (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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conglomerate (1)
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mudstone (1)
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sandstone (7)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone
First trematosaurid temnospondyl from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa and its biostratigraphic implications Available to Purchase
Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa Available to Purchase
TESTING THE DAPTOCEPHALUS AND LYSTROSAURUS ASSEMBLAGE ZONES IN A LITHOSTRATOGRAPHIC, MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC, AND PALYNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA Available to Purchase
SILTSTONES ACROSS THE DAPTOCEPHALUS ( DICYNODON ) AND LYSTROSAURUS ASSEMBLAGE ZONES, KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA, SHOW NO EVIDENCE FOR ARIDIFICATION Available to Purchase
PALEONTOLOGY OF THE BLAAUWATER 67 AND 65 FARMS, SOUTH AFRICA: TESTING THE DAPTOCEPHALUS/LYSTROSAURUS BIOZONE BOUNDARY IN A STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK Available to Purchase
Calcic Vertisols in the upper Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone, Balfour Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa: Implications for Late Permian Climate Available to Purchase
Is the vertebrate-defined Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, the terrestrial expression of the end-Permian marine event? Open Access
The South African stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi (Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Australia Available to Purchase
Oblique GoogleEarth aerial view of the relationship between the Bethel, Hel... Available to Purchase
The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology Available to Purchase
Abstract The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology divides Triassic time into eight land-vertebrate faunachrons (LVFs) with boundaries defined by the first appearance datums (FADs) of tetrapod genera or, in two cases, the FADs of a tetrapod species. Definition and characterization of these LVFs is updated here as follows: the beginning of the Lootsbergian LVF=FAD of Lystrosaurus ; the beginning of the Nonesian=FAD Cynognathus ; the beginning of the Perovkan LVF=FAD Eocyclotosaurus ; the beginning of the Berdyankian LVF=FAD Mastodonsaurus giganteus ; the beginning of the Otischalkian LVF=FAD Parasuchus ; the beginning of the Adamanian LVF=FAD Rutiodon ; the beginning of the Revueltian LVF=FAD Typothorax coccinarum ; and the beginning of the Apachean LVF=FAD Redondasaurus . The end of the Apachean (= beginning of the Wasonian LVF, near the beginning of the Jurassic) is the FAD of the crocodylomorph Protosuchus . The Early Triassic tetrapod LVFs, Lootsbergian and Nonesian, have characteristic tetrapod assemblages in the Karoo basin of South Africa, the Lystrosaurus assemblage zone and the lower two-thirds of the Cynognathus assemblage zone, respectively. The Middle Triassic LVFs, Perovkan and Berdyankian, have characteristic assemblages from the Russian Ural foreland basin, the tetrapod assemblages of the Donguz and the Bukobay svitas, respectively. The Late Triassic LVFs, Otischalkian, Adamanian, Revueltian and Apachean, have characteristic assemblages in the Chinle basin of the western USA, the tetrapod assemblages of the Colorado City Formation of Texas, Blue Mesa Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in Arizona, and Bull Canyon and Redonda formations in New Mexico. Since the Triassic LVFs were introduced, several subdivisions have been proposed: Lootsbergian can be divided into three sub-LVFs, Nonesian into two, Adamanian into two and Revueltian into three. However, successful inter-regional correlation of most of these sub-LVFs remains to be demonstrated. Occasional records of nonmarine Triassic tetrapods in marine strata, palynostratigraphy, conchostracan biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and radioisotopic ages provide some basis for correlation of the LVFs to the standard global chronostratigraphic scale. These data indicate that Lootsbergian=uppermost Changshingian, Induan and possibly earliest Olenekian; Nonesian=much of the Olenekian; Perovkan=most of the Anisian; Berdyankian=latest Anisian? and Ladinian; Otischalkian=early to late Carnian; Adamanian=most of the late Carnian; Revueltian=early–middle Norian; and Apachean=late Norian–Rhaetian. The Triassic timescale based on tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology remains a robust tool for the correlation of nonmarine Triassic tetrapod assemblages independent of the marine timescale.