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Journal Article

Near‐Surface Characterization of the Lisbon and Lower Tagus Valley Area, Portugal, for Seismic Hazard Assessment: V S 30 and Soil Classification Maps Available to Purchase

J. Carvalho, R. Dias, R. Ghose, P. Teves‐Costa, J. Borges, J. Narciso, C. Pinto, J. Leote
Published: 11 September 2018
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2018) 108 (5A): 2854–2876.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170340
...J. Carvalho; R. Dias; R. Ghose; P. Teves‐Costa; J. Borges; J. Narciso; C. Pinto; J. Leote Abstract The Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) region includes the metropolitan area of Lisbon and has the highest population density in Portugal, with about 3.5 million inhabitants. The LTV has been struck by several...
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View PDF for article title, Near‐Surface Characterization of the Lisbon and <span class="search-highlight">Lower</span> <span class="search-highlight">Tagus</span> <span class="search-highlight">Valley</span> Area, Portugal, for Seismic Hazard Assessment: V S 30 and Soil Classification Maps
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Journal Article

Large Holocene Earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley Fault Zone, Central Portugal Available to Purchase

G. M. Besana-Ostman, S. P. Vilanova, E. S. Nemser, A. Falcao-Flor, S. Heleno, H. Ferreira, J. D. Fonseca
Published: 01 January 2012
Seismological Research Letters (2012) 83 (1): 67–76.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.83.1.67
...G. M. Besana-Ostman; S. P. Vilanova; E. S. Nemser; A. Falcao-Flor; S. Heleno; H. Ferreira; J. D. Fonseca More than 100 years ago, a moderate-size earthquake affected several towns within the Lower Tagus Valley with major destruction in the town of Benavente and two other villages ( Fonseca...
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View PDF for article title, Large Holocene Earthquakes in the <span class="search-highlight">Lower</span> <span class="search-highlight">Tagus</span> <span class="search-highlight">Valley</span> Fault Zone, Central Portugal
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Journal Article

Lisbon 1755: A Case of Triggered Onshore Rupture? Available to Purchase

Susana P. Vilanova, Catarina F. Nunes, Joao F. B. D. Fonseca
Published: 01 October 2003
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2003) 93 (5): 2056–2068.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020245
... the location of the source have led to a diversity of proposals, reflecting apparent contradictions in the data. The tsunami and damage along the south and southwest Iberian coast and in Morocco favor an offshore source, whereas the presence of an additional zone of strong shaking in the Lower Tagus Valley...
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View PDF for article title, Lisbon 1755: A Case of Triggered Onshore Rupture?
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Journal Article

Characterization of an Intraplate Seismogenic Zone Using Geophysical and Borehole Data: The Vila Franca de Xira Fault, Portugal Available to Purchase

João Carvalho, Daniela Alves, João Cabral, Ranajit Ghose, José Borges, Ruben Dias, Elsa Ramalho, Bento Caldeira, João Casacão, Jaime Leote
Published: 20 May 2020
Seismological Research Letters (2020) 91 (4): 2287–2297.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190317
... seismic studies show that this complex fault zone is buried beneath Holocene sediments and is deforming the alluvial cover, in agreement with a previous work that proposes the fault as the source of the 1531 Lower Tagus Valley earthquake. In this work, we corroborate these results using S ‐wave, P ‐wave...
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View PDF for article title, Characterization of an Intraplate Seismogenic Zone Using Geophysical and Borehole Data: The Vila Franca de Xira Fault, Portugal
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Journal Article

Ranking Earthquake Sources Using Spatial Residuals of Seismic Scenarios: Methodology Application to the 1909 Benavente Earthquake Available to Purchase

Yolanda de Pro‐Díaz, Susana Vilanova, Carolina Canora
Published: 15 December 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2023) 113 (2): 710–731.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220067
... of the Athens earthquake amongst different ruptures located few kilometers apart. The analysis performed for the 1909 Benavente earthquake suggests that the eastern strand of the lower Tagus Valley fault zone is the most likely seismic source for earthquake, amongst those proposed in the literature...
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View PDF for article title, Ranking Earthquake Sources Using Spatial Residuals of Seismic Scenarios: Methodology Application to the 1909 Benavente Earthquake
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Journal Article

The Seismicity of Portugal and Its Adjacent Atlantic Region from 1300 to 2014: Maximum Observed Intensity (MOI) Map Available to Purchase

C. Ferrão, M. Bezzeghoud, B. Caldeira, J. F. Borges
Published: 01 May 2016
Seismological Research Letters (2016) 87 (3): 743–750.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150217
... ≥VI are in the southern region, especially on the mainland near the city of Évora, in the Lisbon region, in the Lower Tagus Valley region, and along the Algarve coast, especially in the southwest region in Cape of São Vicente and the Gorringe Bank. 1 Also at Departamento de Física, Escola de...
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View PDF for article title, The Seismicity of Portugal and Its Adjacent Atlantic Region from 1300 to 2014: Maximum Observed Intensity (MOI) Map
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Image
Western Iberia and surrounding area: ALB, Alboran Sea; ALG, Algarve Region; BET, Betic Chain; GAL, Galicia Region; gb, Gorringe Bank; GC, Gulf of Cadis; ltv, Lower Tagus Valley Region; tap, Tagus Abyssal Plain.

Western Iberia and surrounding area: ALB, Alboran Sea; ALG, Algarve Region;... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2007
Figure 1. Western Iberia and surrounding area: ALB, Alboran Sea; ALG, Algarve Region; BET, Betic Chain; GAL, Galicia Region; gb , Gorringe Bank; GC, Gulf of Cadis; ltv , Lower Tagus Valley Region; tap , Tagus Abyssal Plain.
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From left to right, intensities reported for the 1531, 1755, and 1909 earthquakes affecting the Lisbon area. All maps have the same scale and projection. The Lower Tagus Valley Fault (ltvf) is shown in dark blue, as inferred from one text of the paper. The isoseismals for the 1909 event were taken from Mezcua (1982) (gray shading) and Moreira (1984) (contours). Be, Benavente; TL, Tagus Lagoon.

From left to right, intensities reported for the 1531, 1755, and 1909 earth... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2005
Figure 3. From left to right, intensities reported for the 1531, 1755, and 1909 earthquakes affecting the Lisbon area. All maps have the same scale and projection. The Lower Tagus Valley Fault ( ltvf ) is shown in dark blue, as inferred from one text of the paper. The isoseismals for the 1909
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▴ Plot of the mapped traces on a 1:50,000 scale map along the Lower Tagus Valley floodplains from Entroncamento to Santarém (A) and Santarém to Vila Franca de Xira (B). Arrow indicates the north direction.

▴ Plot of the mapped traces on a 1:50,000 scale map along the Lower Tagus V... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2012
Figure 5. ▴ Plot of the mapped traces on a 1:50,000 scale map along the Lower Tagus Valley floodplains from Entroncamento to Santarém (A) and Santarém to Vila Franca de Xira (B). Arrow indicates the north direction.
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▴ Isoseismals for the 1531 earthquake simplified from Justo and Salwa (1998) shown are in (A). Isoseismals for the 1909 earthquake according to Chofat and Bensaude (1912) are shown in (B). The Lower Tagus Valley fault trace according to this study is also represented (black line).

▴ Isoseismals for the 1531 earthquake simplified from Justo and Salwa ( 199... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2012
Figure 6. ▴ Isoseismals for the 1531 earthquake simplified from Justo and Salwa ( 1998 ) shown are in (A). Isoseismals for the 1909 earthquake according to Chofat and Bensaude ( 1912 ) are shown in (B). The Lower Tagus Valley fault trace according to this study is also represented (black line).
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Relation between coseismic motion and the recurrence of large earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley as proposed in the paper (200 years). For a magnitude 7 event the estimated slip is between 1 and 2 m (bottom and top curves). The most recent gps geodetic studies from Fernandes (2004) for the Nubia-Eurasia plates are also plotted.

Relation between coseismic motion and the recurrence of large earthquakes i... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2005
Figure 4. Relation between coseismic motion and the recurrence of large earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley as proposed in the paper (200 years). For a magnitude 7 event the estimated slip is between 1 and 2 m (bottom and top curves). The most recent gps geodetic studies from Fernandes (2004
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Epicentral locations (black circles) proposed by different authors for the Lisbon 1755 earthquake. Structural features offshore according to Buforn et al. (1995). LTV Fault and associated structures (inset) according to Fonseca and Long (1991). Mi, D. Milne, cited by Johnston (1996); R, Reid (1914); Ma, Machado (1966); Mo, Moreira (1989); Z, Zittellini et al. (1999); LTVF, Lower Tagus Valley Fault; NF, Nazaré Fault; MF, Messejana Fault; GB, Gorringe Bank; TAP, Tagus Abyssal Plain; ES, Estremadura Spur; MTR, Madeira–Tore Rise (shown at its northeast termination); L, Lisbon; AdC, A-dos-Cunhados; Be, Benavente; Ca, Cascais; Oe, Oeiras; Se, Sesimbra; TL, Tagus lagoon.

Epicentral locations (black circles) proposed by different authors for the ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2003
); R, Reid ( 1914 ); Ma, Machado ( 1966 ); Mo, Moreira ( 1989 ); Z, Zittellini et al. (1999); LTVF, Lower Tagus Valley Fault; NF, Nazaré Fault; MF, Messejana Fault; GB, Gorringe Bank; TAP, Tagus Abyssal Plain; ES, Estremadura Spur; MTR, Madeira–Tore Rise (shown at its northeast termination); L, Lisbon
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▴ (A) Map showing the location of Portugal in the Iberian Peninsula. The study area (small rectangle) is shown in (B) with names of towns along the Lower Tagus Valley; topography is based on the 90-m resolution SRTM-derived digital elevation model. Dark gray areas indicate water. The larger rectangular area illustrated in (C) shows the 1961 to 2000 seismicity (circles) according to Carrilho et al. (2004). The faults identified by Carvalho et al. (2006, 2008) and the main Quaternary active faults in the 1:1,000,000 scale geological map of Portugal are shown as thick black and thin black lines, respectively. The thicker dashed lines represent the Nazaré, Lower Tagus (Bajo-Tajo), and Messejena faults as plotted by Jimenez-Munt, Fernandez, et al. (2001).

▴ (A) Map showing the location of Portugal in the Iberian Peninsula. The st... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2012
Figure 1: ▴ (A) Map showing the location of Portugal in the Iberian Peninsula. The study area (small rectangle) is shown in (B) with names of towns along the Lower Tagus Valley; topography is based on the 90-m resolution SRTM-derived digital elevation model. Dark gray areas indicate water
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Macroseismic data of the 1969 M 7.8 Gorringe bank earthquake, after Paula and Oliveira (1996). The black star shows the instrumental epicenter of Fukao (1973). Data are available in digital format in the supplemental material. See Data and Resources for credits. The Algarve (ALG) and Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) regions, where the most intense effects of the 1755 earthquake were felt, do not display abnormally high intensities with respect to the surrounding areas, indicating the absence of significant site effects.

Macroseismic data of the 1969 M  7.8 Gorringe bank earthquake, after Paul... Available to Purchase

Published: 07 January 2020
) and Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) regions, where the most intense effects of the 1755 earthquake were felt, do not display abnormally high intensities with respect to the surrounding areas, indicating the absence of significant site effects.
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Location (indicated by black dashed rectangle) and seismotectonic setting of the Lower Tagus Valley study area. Seismicity for the period 1962–2018 after the Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, showing earthquakes with magnitudes&gt;4. Stars denote probable epicenter location of historical damaging earthquakes: 1: 1344, 1531, and 1909 earthquakes; 2: 1755 and 1969 events (see Introduction). Plate boundary geometry after Bird (2003).The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Location (indicated by black dashed rectangle) and seismotectonic setting o... Available to Purchase

Published: 11 September 2018
Figure 1. Location (indicated by black dashed rectangle) and seismotectonic setting of the Lower Tagus Valley study area. Seismicity for the period 1962–2018 after the Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, showing earthquakes with magnitudes > 4 . Stars denote probable
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(a) Instrumental seismicity of continental Portugal and Atlantic margin for the period 1961–2018. The red rectangle corresponds to the Arraiolos region. (b) Instrumental seismicity (1961–2018) and location of the main instrumental earthquakes in the study area. The black dashed line delineates the Lower Tagus Valley, and the red rectangle delineates the Arraiolos region. Distribution of the focal mechanisms of the events of 19 January 1997, 31 July 1998, 20 March 2002, and 4 June 1987 (Wachilala et al., 2019). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

(a) Instrumental seismicity of continental Portugal and Atlantic margin for... Available to Purchase

Published: 17 February 2021
delineates the Lower Tagus Valley, and the red rectangle delineates the Arraiolos region. Distribution of the focal mechanisms of the events of 19 January 1997, 31 July 1998, 20 March 2002, and 4 June 1987 ( Wachilala et al. , 2019 ). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic
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Seismicity of Portugal and its adjacent Atlantic region for the 1961–2015 period. Data were taken from the Instituto Portuguese do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA, Lisbon, Portugal; see Data and Resources) data file together with topography (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission [SRTM] 90 m) and bathymetry (ETOPO1) of the region as determined by Zitellini et al. (2009) for the offshore faults and from Cabral and Ribeiro (1988) for the onshore faults. PT, Tagus plain; PF, Ferradura plain; AB, Ampere bank; FF, Ferradura fault; MSP, Porto seamount; VN, Nazaré Valley; VIT, Lower Tagus Valley; VS, Sado Valley; MP, Marquês de Pombal fault; GB, Gorringe bank; PB, Portimão Bank; FGq, Falha de Guadalquivir; FN, Nazaré fault; FM, Messejana fault; FMV, Moura–Vidigueira fault; FL, Loulé fault; FP, Portimão fault; CV, São Vicente cap; and FCA, Cadiz–Alicante fault. The inset represents the area of study (gray rectangle) and shows the western part of the Eurasia–Nubian plate boundary (solid line) taken from Bird (2003).

Seismicity of Portugal and its adjacent Atlantic region for the 1961–2015 p... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2016
) and bathymetry (ETOPO1) of the region as determined by Zitellini et al. (2009) for the offshore faults and from Cabral and Ribeiro (1988) for the onshore faults. PT, Tagus plain; PF, Ferradura plain; AB, Ampere bank; FF, Ferradura fault; MSP, Porto seamount; VN, Nazaré Valley; VIT, Lower Tagus Valley; VS
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Dense broadband seismic deployment in western Iberia. (a) Locations of WILAS stations, color coded according to network. White triangles mark temporary stations (8A). Permanent stations are operated by Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (PM, red triangles), GEOFON (GE, gray triangle), Instituto Superior Técnico (IP, dark blue triangles), Instituto Dom Luiz (LX, green triangles), Centro de Geofísica de Coimbra (SS, pink triangle), and Centro de Geofísica de Évora (WM, yellow triangles). (b) Enlarged view of the Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) region. Interstation spacing is 60 km in general and approximately 30 km in the LTV. The relief plotted in the background is taken from SRTM30+ (Becker et al., 2009).

Dense broadband seismic deployment in western Iberia. (a) Locations of WILA... Available to Purchase

Published: 07 October 2014
triangle), Instituto Superior Técnico (IP, dark blue triangles), Instituto Dom Luiz (LX, green triangles), Centro de Geofísica de Coimbra (SS, pink triangle), and Centro de Geofísica de Évora (WM, yellow triangles). (b) Enlarged view of the Lower Tagus Valley ( LTV ) region. Interstation spacing is 60 km
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Active tectonic faults of southwest Iberia, according to Cunha et al. (2010). Open arrows show the regional direction of maximum horizontal compressive stress SH after Ribeiro et al. (1996). CGAW, Cadiz Gulf accretionary wedge; GB, Gorringe bank; GBT, Gorringe bank thrust; GF, Guadalquivir fault; HSF, Horseshoe fault; LTVF, Lower Tagus Valley fault; MF, Messejana fault; MPF, Marques de Pombal fault; PSF, Pereira de Sousa fault; SVF, St. Vincent fault; SWIM, southwest Iberian Margin lineaments of Zitellini et al. (2009). The gray star shows the preferred 1755 earthquake epicenter of Martinez‐Solares and Lopez‐Arroyo (2004). The focal mechanism (lower‐hemisphere projection) of the 1969 M 7.8 Gorringe bank earthquake is after Fukao (1973), and is centered at the epicenter proposed in that study.

Active tectonic faults of southwest Iberia, according to Cunha et al. (2... Available to Purchase

Published: 07 January 2020
thrust; GF, Guadalquivir fault; HSF, Horseshoe fault; LTVF, Lower Tagus Valley fault; MF, Messejana fault; MPF, Marques de Pombal fault; PSF, Pereira de Sousa fault; SVF, St. Vincent fault; SWIM, southwest Iberian Margin lineaments of Zitellini et al. (2009) . The gray star shows the preferred 1755
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Macroseismic data used in this study. (a) Data points used in the estimate of the magnitude; (b) outliers deviating more than two root mean square (rms) residuals from the best fit to the ground‐motion model of Atkinson and Wald (2007) using the Martinez‐Solares and Lopez‐Arroyo (2004) epicenter, which were not used in the estimate of the magnitude. The outliers amount to 3.6% of the dataset, and include all the intensities higher than modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) VIII. The black star shows the preferred epicenter of Martinez‐Solares and Lopez‐Arroyo (2004). The locations of the main Portuguese cities are shown by black squares in the figure on the right, as well as the location of the Algarve (ALG) and Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) regions were the outliers cluster. The data are available in digital format in the supplemental material. See Data and Resources for credits.

Macroseismic data used in this study. (a) Data points used in the estimate ... Available to Purchase

Published: 07 January 2020
) . The locations of the main Portuguese cities are shown by black squares in the figure on the right, as well as the location of the Algarve (ALG) and Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) regions were the outliers cluster. The data are available in digital format in the supplemental material. See Data and Resources