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Lop Nor test site

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Journal Article

Accurate Locations of Nuclear Explosions at the Lop Nor Test Site Using Alignment of Seismograms and IKONOS Satellite Imagery

Mark D. Fisk
Published: 01 December 2002
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2002) 92 (8): 2911–2925.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010268
...Mark D. Fisk Abstract Locations are estimated of 11 underground nuclear explosions conducted between 26 May 1990 and 29 July 1996 at the Lop Nor test site in western China. To perform the analysis, seismic recordings were obtained from the Center for Monitoring Research (CMR), U.S. National Data...
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View PDF for article title, Accurate Locations of Nuclear Explosions at the <span class="search-highlight">Lop</span> <span class="search-highlight">Nor</span> <span class="search-highlight">Test</span> <span class="search-highlight">Site</span> Using Alignment of Seismograms and IKONOS Satellite Imagery
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Image
Discrimination results for Ms (vmax) at the Lop Nor Test Site. (a) Ms (vmax) versus mb for earthquakes in northwestern China and nuclear explosions at Lop Nor. (b) Linear discrimination of the two datasets showing the decision line (−2.6) for classifying an event as a possible nuclear explosion.

Discrimination results for M s ( vmax ) at the Lop Nor Test Site. (a) M...

Published: 01 April 2006
Figure 13. Discrimination results for M s ( vmax ) at the Lop Nor Test Site. (a) M s ( vmax ) versus m b for earthquakes in northwestern China and nuclear explosions at Lop Nor. (b) Linear discrimination of the two datasets showing the decision line (−2.6) for classifying an event
Image
Lop Nor test site with southeast shaft and northwest tunnel area indicated. Squares indicate positions of shafts (southeast area) and adit entrances (northwest area) as determined from satellite imagery (Fisk, 2002; Bhattacharyya et al., 2002). Solid squares show shafts with clear satellite features that can be associated with nuclear testing, according to Bhattacharyya et al. (2002). Solid ellipses (representing errors at the 90% confidence level) and small circles (locations of fixed master events) show locations by E. Bergman and R. Engdahl (personal comm., 2001) and are based on groomed International Seismological Centre (ISC) phase picks. Dotted ellipses indicate ISC locations at the 90% confidence level for comparison.

Lop Nor test site with southeast shaft and northwest tunnel area indicated....

Published: 01 October 2004
Figure 1. Lop Nor test site with southeast shaft and northwest tunnel area indicated. Squares indicate positions of shafts (southeast area) and adit entrances (northwest area) as determined from satellite imagery ( Fisk, 2002 ; Bhattacharyya et al., 2002 ). Solid squares show shafts with clear
Image
Waveforms recorded at stations KIV, about 57° west of the Lop Nor test site. Values in the left column indicate mean cross-correlation coefficients, mcc, for 20-sec time windows (between about 399 and 419 sec), and measurement errors σm (right column, in sec) as determined from the internal consistency of the differential time measurements. Bottom trace shows superposition of the aligned waveforms shown above.

Waveforms recorded at stations KIV, about 57° west of the Lop Nor test site...

Published: 01 October 2004
Figure 3. Waveforms recorded at stations KIV, about 57° west of the Lop Nor test site. Values in the left column indicate mean cross-correlation coefficients, m cc , for 20-sec time windows (between about 399 and 419 sec), and measurement errors σ m (right column, in sec) as determined from
Journal Article

Development of a Time-Domain, Variable-Period Surface-Wave Magnitude Measurement Procedure for Application at Regional and Teleseismic Distances, Part II: Application and M s – m b Performance

Jessie L. Bonner, David R. Russell, David G. Harkrider, Delaine T. Reiter, Robert B. Herrmann
Published: 01 April 2006
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2006) 96 (2): 678–696.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050056
...Figure 13. Discrimination results for M s ( vmax ) at the Lop Nor Test Site. (a) M s ( vmax ) versus m b for earthquakes in northwestern China and nuclear explosions at Lop Nor. (b) Linear discrimination of the two datasets showing the decision line (−2.6) for classifying an event...
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View PDF for article title, Development of a Time-Domain, Variable-Period Surface-Wave Magnitude Measurement Procedure for Application at Regional and Teleseismic Distances, Part II: Application and M s – m b Performance
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Journal Article

Correcting regional seismic discriminants for path effects in western China

H. E. Hartse, R. A. Flores, P. A. Johnson
Published: 01 April 1998
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1998) 88 (2): 596–608.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880020596
..., which have previously been shown to be reliable discriminants. For data, we use 271 earthquakes from northwest China, 25 nuclear explosions from the Kazakh test site (KTS), and one nuclear explosion from the Lop Nor test site recorded at station WMQ. We also use 185 earthquakes from the same region...
View PDF for article title, Correcting regional seismic discriminants for path effects in western China
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Journal Article

Lop Nor Revisited: Underground Nuclear Explosion Locations, 1976-1996, from Double-Difference Analysis of Regional and Teleseismic Data

Felix Waldhauser, David Schaff, Paul G. Richards, Won-Young Kim
Published: 01 October 2004
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2004) 94 (5): 1879–1889.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/012003184
...Figure 1. Lop Nor test site with southeast shaft and northwest tunnel area indicated. Squares indicate positions of shafts (southeast area) and adit entrances (northwest area) as determined from satellite imagery ( Fisk, 2002 ; Bhattacharyya et al., 2002 ). Solid squares show shafts with clear...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Lop</span> <span class="search-highlight">Nor</span> Revisited: Underground Nuclear Explosion Locations, 1976-1996, from Double-Difference Analysis of Regional and Teleseismic Data
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Journal Article

Source Characterization of Underground Explosions from Combined Regional Moment Tensor and First‐Motion Analysis

Andrea Chiang, Douglas S. Dreger, Sean R. Ford, William R. Walter
Published: 08 July 2014
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2014) 104 (4): 1587–1600.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130228
... at the Chinese Lop Nor test site. These events were very sparsely recorded by stations located within 1600 km, and in each case only three or four stations were available in the regional distance range. We have utilized a regional distance seismic waveform method fitting long‐period, complete, three‐component...
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View PDF for article title, Source Characterization of Underground Explosions from Combined Regional Moment Tensor and First‐Motion Analysis
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Journal Article

S -Wave Generation by Underground Explosions: Implications from Observed Frequency-Dependent Source Scaling

J. R. Murphy, B. W. Barker, D. D. Sultanov, O. P. Kuznetsov
Published: 01 April 2009
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2009) 99 (2A): 809–829.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080126
...J. R. Murphy; B. W. Barker; D. D. Sultanov; O. P. Kuznetsov Abstract A systematic analysis of the frequency-dependent source scaling of regional phase data observed from underground nuclear explosions conducted at the former Soviet Semipalatinsk Test Site, the Chinese Lop Nor Test Site, the Russian...
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Journal Article

An evaluation of generalized likelihood ratio outlier detection to identification of seismic events in western China

Steven R. Taylor, Hans E. Hartse
Published: 01 August 1997
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1997) 87 (4): 824–831.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870040824
... are collected from 157 known earthquakes, 215 unknown events (presumed earthquakes and possibly some industrial explosions), and 18 known nuclear explosions (1 from the Chinese Lop Nor test site and 17 from the East Kazakh test site). A feature selection technique is used to find the best combination...
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Journal Article

Pn Attenuation beneath the Tibetan Plateau

Jiakang Xie
Published: 01 December 2007
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2007) 97 (6): 2040–2052.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070016
...Jiakang Xie Abstract Pn spectra are collected from three PASSCAL seismic experiments in the Tibetan Plateau ( TP ) over four path groups to study Pn attenuation. The first and second path groups run southward from the Lop Nor Test Site ( LTS ) to stations in north- and south-central Tibet...
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Geographical distribution of common seismic stations with recordings of two nuclear explosions on 25 September 1992 and 29 July 1996 at the Lop Nor test site.

Geographical distribution of common seismic stations with recordings of two...

Published: 01 December 2002
Figure 2. Geographical distribution of common seismic stations with recordings of two nuclear explosions on 25 September 1992 and 29 July 1996 at the Lop Nor test site.
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Waveform fits and NSSs for the 30 January 1999 earthquake near the Lop Nor test site. The distribution of solutions resembles the Little Skull Mountain aftershock (Ford et al., 2010) but with the center of the bullseye shifted to the right, toward the −CLVD. The station coverage is slightly better than the Lop Nor explosions with additional stations to the west, giving a better azimuthal coverage. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Waveform fits and NSS s for the 30 January 1999 earthquake near the Lop No...

Published: 08 July 2014
Figure 7. Waveform fits and NSS s for the 30 January 1999 earthquake near the Lop Nor test site. The distribution of solutions resembles the Little Skull Mountain aftershock ( Ford et al. , 2010 ) but with the center of the bullseye shifted to the right, toward the −CLVD. The station coverage
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▴ The NEDB Web site provides a range of menu-, table-, and map-based user options for accessing and comparing source parametric and waveform data for nuclear explosions, as illustrated here for a Chinese nuclear explosion test from the shaft area to the northeast at Lop Nor test site.

▴ The NEDB Web site provides a range of menu-, table-, and map-based user o...

Published: 01 January 2010
Figure 7. ▴ The NEDB Web site provides a range of menu-, table-, and map-based user options for accessing and comparing source parametric and waveform data for nuclear explosions, as illustrated here for a Chinese nuclear explosion test from the shaft area to the northeast at Lop Nor test site.
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Topographic map containing the most recently active tunnel and vertical-borehole zones of the Lop Nor test site. The large white boxes indicate areas for which IKONOS imagery were obtained. Locations of Chinese nuclear tests estimated by Gupta (1995), Engdahl and Bergman (2001), and T. Wallace (personal commun., 2001) are also shown and connected by white lines for common events.

Topographic map containing the most recently active tunnel and vertical-bor...

Published: 01 December 2002
Figure 1. Topographic map containing the most recently active tunnel and vertical-borehole zones of the Lop Nor test site. The large white boxes indicate areas for which IKONOS imagery were obtained. Locations of Chinese nuclear tests estimated by Gupta ( 1995 ), Engdahl and Bergman ( 2001
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(a) Teleseismic stations (between 28° and 90°) that recorded the 7 October 1994 underground nuclear explosion at the Lop Nor test site, China. (b) Trajectory of median mislocations using subnetworks starting with six station networks and gradually increasing 400 stations (solid triangle). As the number of stations in the subnetworks with optimal azimuthal coverage increases, the location is driven away from the GT location (star).

(a) Teleseismic stations (between 28° and 90°) that recorded the 7 October ...

Published: 01 February 2009
Figure 1. (a) Teleseismic stations (between 28° and 90°) that recorded the 7 October 1994 underground nuclear explosion at the Lop Nor test site, China. (b) Trajectory of median mislocations using subnetworks starting with six station networks and gradually increasing 400 stations (solid triangle
Image
Network relative spectra for various regional phases and our source‐model fits (see legend), for a pair of similar earthquakes at Lop Nor test site (LNTS). Also shown are Brune (1970) model predictions using the Pn (thick dotted line) and (thick dashed) scaling relations of Xie and Patton (1999), and using a stress drop of 0.3 MPa from Taylor et al. (2002) (thick solid line). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Network relative spectra for various regional phases and our source‐model f...

Published: 05 November 2013
Figure 1. Network relative spectra for various regional phases and our source‐model fits (see legend), for a pair of similar earthquakes at Lop Nor test site ( LNTS ). Also shown are Brune (1970) model predictions using the Pn (thick dotted line) and (thick dashed) scaling relations
Image
Network relative spectra for various regional phases and our source‐model fits (see legend), for a pair of similar earthquakes at Lop Nor test site (LNTS). Also shown are Brune (1970) model predictions using the Pn (thick dotted line) and (thick dashed) scaling relations of Xie and Patton (1999), and using a stress drop of 0.3 MPa from Taylor et al. (2002) (thick solid line). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Network relative spectra for various regional phases and our source‐model f...

Published: 05 November 2013
Figure 1. Network relative spectra for various regional phases and our source‐model fits (see legend), for a pair of similar earthquakes at Lop Nor test site ( LNTS ). Also shown are Brune (1970) model predictions using the Pn (thick dotted line) and (thick dashed) scaling relations
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Location map showing the Chinese nuclear test site at Lop Nor, the Hindu–Kush, and stations recording seismograms used in this study.

Location map showing the Chinese nuclear test site at Lop Nor, the Hindu–Ku...

Published: 01 February 2008
Figure 7. Location map showing the Chinese nuclear test site at Lop Nor, the Hindu–Kush, and stations recording seismograms used in this study.
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Seismicity in the region of the Chinese nuclear test site at Lop Nor. Focal mechanisms are from the Harvard cmt catalog (e.g., Dziewonski et al., 1981). The earthquakes in the region have similar mechanisms, with approximately vertical T axes and horizontal P axes striking northeast. Our mechanism for 030313, also shown, is consistent with the regional trend.

Seismicity in the region of the Chinese nuclear test site at Lop Nor. Focal...

Published: 01 February 2005
Figure 15. Seismicity in the region of the Chinese nuclear test site at Lop Nor. Focal mechanisms are from the Harvard cmt catalog (e.g., Dziewonski et al. , 1981) . The earthquakes in the region have similar mechanisms, with approximately vertical T axes and horizontal P axes striking