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Lewis acid

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Journal Article

Hydrophobic nature of organo-clays as a Lewis acid/base phenomenon Available to Purchase

J. Norris, R. F. Giese, C. J. van Oss, P. M. Costanzo
Published: 01 June 1992
Clays and Clay Minerals (1992) 40 (3): 327–334.
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(a) Variation in range of coordination number as a function of Lewis acidity for 135 cations; the broken lines denote the maximum extent of data according to Pauling’s radius-ratio rule. (b) Variation in mean coordination number as a function of Lewis acidity for 135 cations; the broken lines denote the maximum extent of data according to the radius-ratio values of Pauling (1960).

( a ) Variation in range of coordination number as a function of Lewis acid... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2022
Figure 3. ( a ) Variation in range of coordination number as a function of Lewis acidity for 135 cations; the broken lines denote the maximum extent of data according to Pauling’s radius-ratio rule. ( b ) Variation in mean coordination number as a function of Lewis acidity for 135 cations
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SELECTED SULFATE MINERALS WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURAL UNITS, SHOWING LEWIS ACID... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2006
TABLE 2. SELECTED SULFATE MINERALS WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURAL UNITS, SHOWING LEWIS ACIDITY (LA), AVERAGE BASICITY (AB) AND COORDINATION NUMBER OF THE INTERSTITIAL COMPLEX [ CN in ]
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SELECTED SULFATE MINERALS WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURAL UNITS, SHOWING LEWIS ACID... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2006
TABLE 2. SELECTED SULFATE MINERALS WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURAL UNITS, SHOWING LEWIS ACIDITY (LA), AVERAGE BASICITY (AB) AND COORDINATION NUMBER OF THE INTERSTITIAL COMPLEX [ CN in ]
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LEWIS ACID STRENGTHS ( vu ) FOR CATIONS Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2001
TABLE 1. LEWIS ACID STRENGTHS ( vu ) FOR CATIONS
Journal Article

In situ determination of Bronsted/Lewis acidity on cation-exchanged clay mineral surfaces by ATR-IR Free

J. Billingham, C. Breen, J. Yarwood
Journal: Clay Minerals
Published: 01 December 1996
Clay Minerals (1996) 31 (4): 513–522.
View PDF for article title, In situ determination of Bronsted&#x2F;<span class="search-highlight">Lewis</span> <span class="search-highlight">acidity</span> on cation-exchanged clay mineral surfaces by ATR-IR
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INTRINSIC ACIDITY CONSTANTS, LEWIS ACIDITIES AND LEWIS BASICITIES OF EAQUAT... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2004
TABLE 1. INTRINSIC ACIDITY CONSTANTS, LEWIS ACIDITIES AND LEWIS BASICITIES OF EAQUATORIAL ANIONS TERMINATING EDGES ON URANYL-SHEET MINERALS
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Removal rates of alkaline nitride by Brønsted acids (left) and Lewis acids (right). Agent/oil ratio = 1:200, temperature = 180°C, reaction time = 30 min, N2 atmosphere. EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; H3Cit = citric acid; PTA = phosphotungstic acid; TA = tartaric acid.

Removal rates of alkaline nitride by Brønsted acids (left) and Lewis acids ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2021
Fig. 7. Removal rates of alkaline nitride by Brønsted acids (left) and Lewis acids (right). Agent/oil ratio = 1:200, temperature = 180°C, reaction time = 30 min, N 2 atmosphere. EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; H 3 Cit = citric acid; PTA = phosphotungstic acid; TA = tartaric acid.
Journal Article

SULFATE MINERALS. I. BOND TOPOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Available to Purchase

Michael Schindler, Danielle M.C. Huminicki, Frank C. Hawthorne
Published: 01 December 2006
The Canadian Mineralogist (2006) 44 (6): 1403–1429.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.44.6.1403
...TABLE 2. SELECTED SULFATE MINERALS WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURAL UNITS, SHOWING LEWIS ACIDITY (LA), AVERAGE BASICITY (AB) AND COORDINATION NUMBER OF THE INTERSTITIAL COMPLEX [ CN in ] ...
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View PDF for article title, SULFATE MINERALS. I. BOND TOPOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
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Journal Article

Tuning the Acidity of Montmorillonite by H 3 PO 4 -Activation and Supporting WO 3 for Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein Available to Purchase

Wei Hua Yu, Bao Zhu, Dong Shen Tong, Kai Deng, Chao Peng Fu, Tian Hao Huang, Chun Hui Zhou
Published: 01 June 2022
Clays and Clay Minerals (2022) 70 (3): 460–479.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-022-00193-6
... created Brönsted and Lewis acid sites and led to increases in specific surface areas, porosity, and acidity. WO 3 species influenced total acidity, acid strength, the numbers of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites, and catalytic performances. A high turnover frequency (TOF) value (31.2 h −1 ) based on a maximal...
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View PDF for article title, Tuning the <span class="search-highlight">Acidity</span> of Montmorillonite by H 3 PO 4 -Activation and Supporting WO 3 for Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein
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Journal Article

A BOND-VALENCE APPROACH TO THE STRUCTURE, CHEMISTRY AND PARAGENESIS OF HYDROXY-HYDRATED OXYSALT MINERALS. I. THEORY Available to Purchase

Michael Schindler, Frank C. Hawthorne
Published: 01 October 2001
The Canadian Mineralogist (2001) 39 (5): 1225–1242.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.5.1225
...TABLE 1. LEWIS ACID STRENGTHS ( vu ) FOR CATIONS ...
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View PDF for article title, A BOND-VALENCE APPROACH TO THE STRUCTURE, CHEMISTRY AND PARAGENESIS OF HYDROXY-HYDRATED OXYSALT MINERALS. I. THEORY
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The variation in Lewis acidity for particular cation coordination numbers and charges of a general interstitial complex with differing numbers of transformer (H2O) groups. The range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit of leesite is shown in blue. A stable structure is formed where the lines of variable Lewis acidity overlap the Lewis basicity of the structural unit. Figure adapted in part from Schindler and Hawthorne (2004). (Color online.)

The variation in Lewis acidity for particular cation coordination numbers a... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2018
Figure 5. The variation in Lewis acidity for particular cation coordination numbers and charges of a general interstitial complex with differing numbers of transformer (H 2 O) groups. The range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit of leesite is shown in blue. A stable structure is formed
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The variation in Lewis acidity with the number of transformer (H2O) groups for different interstitial-cation charges and coordination numbers for a general interstitial complex; the range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit of becquerelite, [(UO2)3O2(OH)3], is marked in grey; where the lines of variable Lewis acidity overlap the range of Lewis basicity of the structural unit, the valence-matching principle is satisfied.

The variation in Lewis acidity with the number of transformer (H 2 O) group... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2008
F ig . 3. The variation in Lewis acidity with the number of transformer (H 2 O) groups for different interstitial-cation charges and coordination numbers for a general interstitial complex; the range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit of becquerelite, [(UO 2 ) 3 O 2 (OH) 3 ], is marked
Journal Article

Bonding between the decavanadate polyanion and the interstitial complex in pascoite-family minerals Available to Purchase

Frank C. Hawthorne, John M. Hughes, Mark A. Cooper, Anthony R. Kampf
Published: 04 March 2022
The Canadian Mineralogist (2022) 60 (2): 341–359.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2100051
... ] (6+ x )– , varieties have been described. Here we analyze the interaction between the interstitial complex and the decavanadate structural unit using the principle of correspondence of Lewis acidity-basicity. The Lewis base strengths of the decavanadate polyanions vary from 0.054 to 0.154 vu and [V...
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View PDF for article title, Bonding between the decavanadate polyanion and the interstitial complex in pascoite-family minerals
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Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function of the number of transformer (H2O) groups per cation. The lines shown are for interstitial cations with formal charges and coordination numbers shown to the left of the plot. The range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit 0.17–0.25 v.u. is shown by the box; the dashed line shows the interpolated relation for a [9]-coordinated divalent interstitial cation (modified after Hawthorne and Schindler 2008).

Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2022
Figure 17. Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function of the number of transformer (H 2 O) groups per cation. The lines shown are for interstitial cations with formal charges and coordination numbers shown to the left of the plot. The range in Lewis basicity
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Ranges in Lewis acidity of complex interstitial cations with one layer of coordinating transformer (H2O) groups (yellow boxes) and complex interstitial cations with two layers of coordinating transformer (H2O) groups (green boxes). The green circles indicate the Lewis basicities of the decavanadate units listed in Table 2. The black circles are the bond-valence deficiencies of various O2– ions of the vanadate unit (Table 3, Appendix 1). The broken red lines denote the maximum value of the green circles and the black circles.

Ranges in Lewis acidity of complex interstitial cations with one layer of c... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 March 2022
Fig. 6. Ranges in Lewis acidity of complex interstitial cations with one layer of coordinating transformer (H 2 O) groups (yellow boxes) and complex interstitial cations with two layers of coordinating transformer (H 2 O) groups (green boxes). The green circles indicate the Lewis basicities
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Here the Lewis acidity (LA) values of a number cations (Brown 2002) vs. the Ib values of the respective M–O bonds. For comparison, we also plot the calculated sMO,break values for bonds with a range of Ib values, and as expected, sMO,break is higher than LA for the most ionic (Ib &gt; 0.77) and covalent (Ib &lt; 0.6) bonds, but closely corresponds to LA for intermediate bonds.

Here the Lewis acidity ( L A ) values of a number cations ( Brown 2002 ) v... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2017
Figure 6 Here the Lewis acidity ( L A ) values of a number cations ( Brown 2002 ) vs. the I b values of the respective M–O bonds. For comparison, we also plot the calculated s MO,break values for bonds with a range of I b values, and as expected, s MO,break is higher than L
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Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function of the number of transformer (H2O) groups per cation. The lines shown are for interstitial cations with formal charges and coordination numbers shown to the left of the plot. After Hawthorne and Schindler (2008).

Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2015
Figure 12 Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function of the number of transformer (H 2 O) groups per cation. The lines shown are for interstitial cations with formal charges and coordination numbers shown to the left of the plot. After Hawthorne and Schindler
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Variation in Lewis acidity with the number of transformer (H2O) groups per cation for different interstitial-cation charges and coordination numbers for a general interstitial complex; the range in Lewis basicity of the structural units for selected sulfate minerals are shown by the yellow fields: (a) [M2+(SO4)2(H2O)4]2−; (b) [Fe3+(OH)(SO4)2]2−.

Variation in Lewis acidity with the number of transformer (H 2 O) groups pe... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2015
Figure 13 Variation in Lewis acidity with the number of transformer (H 2 O) groups per cation for different interstitial-cation charges and coordination numbers for a general interstitial complex; the range in Lewis basicity of the structural units for selected sulfate minerals are shown
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(a) Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function of the number of transformer (H2O) groups for monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations in [5]-, [6]- and [8]-coordination; (b) as (a) with the range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit [B4O5)(OH)4]2− shown in pink.

( a ) Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a fun... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2014
F ig . 11. ( a ) Variation in Lewis acidity of a general interstitial complex as a function of the number of transformer (H 2 O) groups for monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations in [5]-, [6]- and [8]-coordination; ( b ) as ( a ) with the range in Lewis basicity of the structural unit [B 4 O