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Lava Creek Tuff

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Zircon grains from the Lava Creek Tuff (North America) unit B (sample LCTB) polished perpendicular to the c-axes. (A, B) Wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) maps of yttrium (Y) concentration within zircon, annotated with the interpreted morphology of the early fast-growth dendritic growth phase recorded by elevated Y content. (C) Cathodoluminescence (CL) image of the zircon in panel B showing the apparent oscillatory zoning pattern. (D) CL image of zircon grain with feathery dendritic zoning, with in-section trace of growth sector boundaries represented by dashed lines. (E) CL image of zircon showing melt inclusion (MI) trapping by the growth of dendritic branches and subsequent infilling.

Zircon grains from the Lava Creek Tuff (North America) unit B (sample LCTB)... Open Access

Published: 20 November 2024
Figure 2. Zircon grains from the Lava Creek Tuff (North America) unit B (sample LCTB) polished perpendicular to the c-axes. (A, B) Wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) maps of yttrium (Y) concentration within zircon, annotated with the interpreted morphology of the early fast-growth dendritic
Image

REENTRANT AND INCLUSION ABUNDANCES FOR LAVA CREEK TUFF A AND B, YELLOWSTONE... Available to Purchase

Published: 22 May 2019
TABLE 1. REENTRANT AND INCLUSION ABUNDANCES FOR LAVA CREEK TUFF A AND B, YELLOWSTONE, WESTERN USA
Image
Petrochronology of zircons from Member B of the Lava Creek Tuff, erupted from Yellowstone caldera at ca. 630 ka. The 206Pb/238U dates for the cores and intermediate zones of sectioned crystals yield a mean crystallization age that is ca. 35 kyr older than the mean age derived from corresponding crystal faces (Matthews et al. 2015). Cores that are dark gray in cathodoluminescence images have elevated U, Y, and large negative europium anomalies, suggesting growth from low temperature and evolved, i.e., near solidus, rhyolitic magma prior to incorporation in less evolved rhyolite (Matthews et al. 2015). Data generated on the Stanford-USGS SHRIMP-RG. Scale bar is 100 μm.

Petrochronology of zircons from Member B of the Lava Creek Tuff, erupted fr... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2017
Figure 8. Petrochronology of zircons from Member B of the Lava Creek Tuff, erupted from Yellowstone caldera at ca. 630 ka. The 206 Pb/ 238 U dates for the cores and intermediate zones of sectioned crystals yield a mean crystallization age that is ca. 35 kyr older than the mean age derived from
Journal Article

Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants Available to Purchase

Kenneth S. Befus, Michael Manga
Journal: Geology
Published: 22 May 2019
Geology (2019) 47 (8): 710–714.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G46275.1
...TABLE 1. REENTRANT AND INCLUSION ABUNDANCES FOR LAVA CREEK TUFF A AND B, YELLOWSTONE, WESTERN USA ...
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Schematic of magmatic plumbing system beneath Henrys Fork Caldera and associated volcanism before eruption of Lava Creek Tuff (pre-LCT) ca. 2.1–0.631 Ma (top) and after eruption of Lava Creek Tuff (post-LCT) ca. 0.631–0.035 Ma (bottom). Eruption of mafic magmas following emplacement of Lava Creek Tuff (post-LCT flows [Qge]) suggests they ascended through fractured remnants of a silicic magma body. Abbreviations are the same as in Figures 1 and 2. N.B. Some units are not visible in schematic cross section.

Schematic of magmatic plumbing system beneath Henrys Fork Caldera and assoc... Available to Purchase

Published: 16 January 2025
Figure 3. Schematic of magmatic plumbing system beneath Henrys Fork Caldera and associated volcanism before eruption of Lava Creek Tuff (pre-LCT) ca. 2.1–0.631 Ma (top) and after eruption of Lava Creek Tuff (post-LCT) ca. 0.631–0.035 Ma (bottom). Eruption of mafic magmas following emplacement
Image
A: Panoramic view of toe (compression) zone, with large open folds and thrusts (Universal Transverse Mercator, UTM 563969, 3971741). B. Detail of fold-thrust deforming the Lava Creek Tuff (UTM 562590, 3970375). C. Detail of two thrusts that repeat Lava Creek Tuff in imbricate structure (UTM 562546, 3970502).

A: Panoramic view of toe (compression) zone, with large open folds and thru... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2011
Figure 4. A: Panoramic view of toe (compression) zone, with large open folds and thrusts (Universal Transverse Mercator, UTM 563969, 3971741). B. Detail of fold-thrust deforming the Lava Creek Tuff (UTM 562590, 3970375). C. Detail of two thrusts that repeat Lava Creek Tuff in imbricate structure
Journal Article

Revised ages for tuffs of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Assignment of the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff to a new geomagnetic polarity event Available to Purchase

Marvin A. Lanphere, Duane E. Champion, Robert L. Christiansen, Glen A. Izett, John D. Obradovich
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 May 2002
GSA Bulletin (2002) 114 (5): 559–568.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0559:RAFTOT>2.0.CO;2
... of previously determined ages. Total-fusion and incremental- heating ages of sanidine yielded the following mean ages: Huckleberry Ridge Tuff—2.059 ± 0.004 Ma; Mesa Falls Tuff— 1.285 ± 0.004 Ma; and Lava Creek Tuff— 0.639 ± 0.002 Ma. The Huckleberry Ridge Tuff has a transitional magnetic direction and has...
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View PDF for article title, Revised ages for <span class="search-highlight">tuffs</span> of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Assignment of the Huckleberry Ridge <span class="search-highlight">Tuff</span> to a new geomagnetic polarity event
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Book Chapter

Secondary Minerals Associated with Geothermal Features of Yellowstone National Park Available to Purchase

Author(s)
William Inskeep, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Dave. W. Mogk, Ann W. Rodman, Bruce. W. Fouke, Nuno DurÃes, Mario Guzman
Book: Clays of Yellowstone National Park
Series: Clay Minerals Society Workshop Lectures
Publisher: Clay Minerals Society
Published: 01 January 2010
DOI: 10.1346/CMS-WLS-17.2
EISBN: 9781881208372
..., tuffs, volcaniclastic rocks and hypabyssal intrusions. The iconic caldera-forming eruptive rocks of the Tertiary Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (2.1 Ma), Mesa Falls Tuff (1.2 Ma), and Lava Creek Tuff (0.61 Ma) of dominantly rhyolitic composition, and the post-caldera rhyolites (Christansen, 2001...
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Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Secondary Minerals Associated with Geothermal Features of Yellowstone National Park
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Abstract The Yellowstone Geoecosystem ( Smith and Siegel, 2000 ; Morgan, 2007 ) comprises an amazing diversity of geologic features that control the character and distribution of geothermal features and soils of this landscape. The underlying bedrock geology of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) includes: Precambrian basement along the northern margin of the Park, with both low-grade metasedimentary rocks (biotite-andalusite-staurolite schists, quartzites and banded iron formations) and late Archean granitoid rocks. Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks in the northwestern corner of the Park in the southern Gallatin Range, that includes notably the Mississippian Madison Limestone near Mammoth Hot Springs, and Cretaceous shales and sandstones of the Kootenai, Eagle, Frontier and Harebell formations, south of Gardiner. The voluminous Eocene Absaroka Volcanics dominantly consisting of andesitic flows, tuffs, volcaniclastic rocks and hypabyssal intrusions. The iconic caldera-forming eruptive rocks of the Tertiary Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (2.1 Ma), Mesa Falls Tuff (1.2 Ma), and Lava Creek Tuff (0.61 Ma) of dominantly rhyolitic composition, and the post-caldera rhyolites (Christansen, 2001). The surficial geology of YNP ( Good and Pierce, 1996 ) additionally involves complex interactions of glacial geology ( Pierce, 1979 ) and active tectonics ( Pierce et al., 2007 ; Smith references). Tertiary volcanism and associated hydrothermal activity are directly related to the elevated hot spot that formed the regional Snake River Plain-Yellowstone system ( Smith and Siegel, 2000 ). Yellowstone contains the greatest number and diversity of geothermal systems on the planet, yielding an extensive array of extreme high-temperature environments, many of which are colonized by microorganisms that play either

Journal Article

New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar eruption ages reveal an important temporal relationship between mafic and silicic volcanism in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field Available to Purchase

Cole M. Messa, Kenneth W.W. Sims, Mark E. Stelten, Brandi L. Lawler, Mel A. Kuntz
Journal: Geology
Published: 16 January 2025
Geology (2025) 53 (4): 317–322.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G52709.1
...Figure 3. Schematic of magmatic plumbing system beneath Henrys Fork Caldera and associated volcanism before eruption of Lava Creek Tuff (pre-LCT) ca. 2.1–0.631 Ma (top) and after eruption of Lava Creek Tuff (post-LCT) ca. 0.631–0.035 Ma (bottom). Eruption of mafic magmas following emplacement...
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Journal Article

New ages for the climactic eruptions at Yellowstone: Single-crystal 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating identifies contamination Available to Purchase

C. A. Gansecki, G. A. Mahood, M. McWilliams
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 April 1998
Geology (1998) 26 (4): 343–346.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0343:NAFTCE>2.3.CO;2
... errors) for the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, Mesa Falls Tuff, and member B of the Lava Creek Tuff, respectively. Individual single-grain ages that are slightly too old could result from incomplete degassing of xenocrysts in the magma. Electron-microprobe analyses of sanidine splits reveal no obvious...
View PDF for article title, New ages for the climactic eruptions at Yellowstone: Single-crystal 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating identifies contamination
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A: Geologic map of sample locations in Yellowstone National Park, western United States, and surrounding region; modified from Christiansen (2001). The extent of Lava Creek Tuff deposits are highlighted in green. Gray domains with curved lines are post-caldera rhyolites with pressure ridges shown schematically (Christiansen 2001). Blue domains are lakes and rivers. The remaining white areas are undifferentiated recent alluvial sediments or pre-Lava Creek Tuff deposits. B: Schematic measured section shows relative stratigraphic position of pumice samples. Pumice, lapilli, and gray bedding planes are illustrated schematically. Colors were chosen to best represent the color of observed outcrop variations, but should also be considered schematic.

A: Geologic map of sample locations in Yellowstone National Park, western U... Available to Purchase

Published: 22 May 2019
Figure 1. A: Geologic map of sample locations in Yellowstone National Park, western United States, and surrounding region; modified from Christiansen (2001) . The extent of Lava Creek Tuff deposits are highlighted in green. Gray domains with curved lines are post-caldera rhyolites with pressure
Journal Article

Formation of low-δ 18 O rhyolites after caldera collapse at Yellowstone, Wyoming, USA Available to Purchase

Ilya N. Bindeman, John W. Valley
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 August 2000
Geology (2000) 28 (8): 719–722.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<719:FOLRAC>2.0.CO;2
...Ilya N. Bindeman; John W. Valley Abstract We present a new model for the genesis of low-δ 18 O rhyolites of the Yellowstone caldera based on analyses of zircons and individual quartz phenocrysts. Low-δ 18 O rhyolites were erupted soon after the massive caldera-forming Lava Creek Tuff eruption (602...
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Variations in SiO2 and crystal contents for ignimbrites in western United States (LC—Lava Creek Tuff; T—Tshigere Member of Bandelier Tuff; BT—Bishop Tuff; TC—Tiva Canyon Tuff; WP—Wason Park Tuff; CR—Carpenter Ridge Tuff; RC—Rat Creek Tuff; NM—Nelson Mountain Tuff; AT—Ammonia Tanks Tuff; FC—Fish Canyon Tuff; BC—Blue Creek Tuff, SM—Snowshoe Mountain Tuff; MP—Masonic Park Tuff) and Japan (A-4). Modified from Hildreth (1981); data from Hildreth (1981) and Lipman (2000, 2006). Plot shows unzoned monotonous intermediates and zoned units grading into them.

Variations in SiO 2 and crystal contents for ignimbrites in western United... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2012
Figure 1. Variations in SiO 2 and crystal contents for ignimbrites in western United States (LC—Lava Creek Tuff; T—Tshigere Member of Bandelier Tuff; BT—Bishop Tuff; TC—Tiva Canyon Tuff; WP—Wason Park Tuff; CR—Carpenter Ridge Tuff; RC—Rat Creek Tuff; NM—Nelson Mountain Tuff; AT—Ammonia Tanks
Image
Quartz (A) and zircon (B) size distributions in various caldera-related lavas. Abbreviations are LBT: Lower Bandelier Tuff, BT: Bishop Tuff; LCT: Lava Creek Tuff; HRT: Huckleberry Ridge Tuff; MFT: Mesa Falls Tuff; AT: Ammonia Tanks Tuff; YTT: Youngest Toba Tuff. 150–400 quartz and 250–700 zircon crystals were measured for each CSD. Y-axis shows population density, expressed in terms of number of nuclei (#) of a characteristic length (L) in a sample volume (V). CSD slopes are also given and these can be used to derive residence times if a constant growth rate is assumed. See Armienti (2008) for further discussion of CSD. Modified after Bindeman (2003).

Quartz (A) and zircon (B) size distributions in various caldera-related lav... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2008
Figure 21. Quartz (A) and zircon (B) size distributions in various caldera-related lavas. Abbreviations are LBT: Lower Bandelier Tuff, BT: Bishop Tuff; LCT: Lava Creek Tuff; HRT: Huckleberry Ridge Tuff; MFT: Mesa Falls Tuff; AT: Ammonia Tanks Tuff; YTT: Youngest Toba Tuff. 150–400 quartz and 250
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Oxygen isotope values calculated from δ18O(Zc) for the early, most differentiated and late, least differentiated portions of major Quaternary ash flow tuffs. The good 1:1 correlation demonstrates vertical homogeneity of δ18O within the magma chambers. BT = Bishop Tuff; CG = Cerro Galan; FCT = Fish Canyon Tuff; LBT = Lower Bandelier Tuff; LCT = Lava Creek Tuff; YTT = youngest Toba Tuff (from Bindeman and Valley 2003).

Oxygen isotope values calculated from δ 18 O(Zc) for the early, most differ... Available to Purchase

Published: 02 January 2003
Galan; FCT = Fish Canyon Tuff; LBT = Lower Bandelier Tuff; LCT = Lava Creek Tuff; YTT = youngest Toba Tuff (from Bindeman and Valley 2003 ).
Image
Yellowstone Plateau, showing the positions of major calderas: 1. Big Bend caldera, Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, 2.0 Ma, 2500 km3; 2. Henry Forks caldera, Mesa Falls Tuff, 1.3 Ma, 300 km3; 3. Yellowstone caldera, Lava Creek Tuff, 0.6 Ma, 1000 km3. For sources of mapping, see Christiansen (2000). Flows in black are low δ18O rhyolites. The Mallard Lake (ML) and Sour Creek (SCRD) resurgent domes are within Yellowstone caldera (from Bindeman and Valley 2001).

Yellowstone Plateau, showing the positions of major calderas: 1. Big Bend c... Available to Purchase

Published: 02 January 2003
Figure 22. Yellowstone Plateau, showing the positions of major calderas: 1. Big Bend caldera, Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, 2.0 Ma, 2500 km 3 ; 2. Henry Forks caldera, Mesa Falls Tuff, 1.3 Ma, 300 km 3 ; 3. Yellowstone caldera, Lava Creek Tuff, 0.6 Ma, 1000 km 3 . For sources of mapping, see
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Oxygen isotope diversity of zircons from major tuff units from Yellowstone and Timber Mt. Calderas, and smaller volume rhyolitic lavas as determined by ion microprobe analysis of individual zircons. Achieving isotope equilibrium is interpreted to represent batch residence time that increases with unit size and seems to reach least heterogeneity for units several hundred cubic kilometers erupted as a single cooling unit such as Mesa Falls tuff. More voluminous units develop greater heterogeneity due to the number of erupted Members. Unit abbreviations are the same as in Figures 15 and 16; CP and UB are Central Plateau and Upper Basin post Lava Creek tuff intra-caldera lavas of Yellowstone.

Oxygen isotope diversity of zircons from major tuff units from Yellowstone ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2008
and 16 ; CP and UB are Central Plateau and Upper Basin post Lava Creek tuff intra-caldera lavas of Yellowstone.
Image
(a) Variations in SiO2 and crystal contents for ignimbrites in western United States (LC = Lava Creek Tuff; T = Tshigere Member of Bandelier Tuff; BT = Bishop Tuff; WP = Wason Park Tuff; CR = Carpenter Ridge Tuff; RC = Rat Creek Tuff; NM = Nelson Mountain Tuff; AT = Ammonia Tanks Tuff; FC = Fish Canyon Tuff; BC = Blue Creek Tuff; SM = Snowshoe Mountain Tuf; MP = Masonic Park Tuff). Modified from Hildreth (1981) and Huber et al. (2012a); data from Hildreth (1981) and Lipman (2000, 2006). (b) REE patterns from crystal-poor pumices and crystal-rich clasts from the Carpenter Ridge Tuff, with, for reference, patterns for lamproïtic magmas, indicating that mixing with such high-K, incompatible-element-enriched liquids is not an option to generate the high-Ba-Zr composition of the late-erupted crystal-rich clasts (modified from Bachmann et al. 2014).

( a ) Variations in SiO 2 and crystal contents for ignimbrites in western ... Open Access

Published: 01 November 2016
Figure 8 ( a ) Variations in SiO 2 and crystal contents for ignimbrites in western United States (LC = Lava Creek Tuff; T = Tshigere Member of Bandelier Tuff; BT = Bishop Tuff; WP = Wason Park Tuff; CR = Carpenter Ridge Tuff; RC = Rat Creek Tuff; NM = Nelson Mountain Tuff; AT = Ammonia Tanks
Image
Figure 1. Oxygen isotope ratios of larger and smaller zircons (Zrc), measured compositions of abraded cores, and calculated compositions of rims in low-δ18O rhyolites from Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming. Boxes show ranges of quartz (Qz) δ18O values. These data show (1) variability of δ18O values among individual quartz phenocrysts, especially for low-δ18O lavas erupted after Lava Creek Tuff (LCT) at 550–450 ka; (2) variability of different size zircons and air-abraded cores; (3) disequilibria between average quartz and zircon in most low-δ18O lavas. CF—Canyon flow, DR—Dunraven Road flow, SBB, MBB, and NBB—South, Middle, and North Biscuit Basin flows, SCL—Scaup Lake flow, ML—Mallard Lake flow, WY—West Yellowstone flow, AC—Aster Creek flow. Ages are from Gansecki et al. (1996, 1998) and Obradovich (1992). Plotted ages of post-Lava Creek Tuff lavas are not exact to prevent overlap of data points. VSMOW is Vienna standard mean ocean water. Note that oxygen isotopes permit making of stratigraphic distinctions. Our results show that three separate outcrops (hills), southern, middle, and northern, along Firehole River of Upper Geyser Basin, defined earlier as single unit of Biscuit Basin flow, represent three independent lava flows, which have distinctly different isotope compositions of phenocrysts. We call them South, Middle, and North Biscuit Basin flows. Only Middle Biscuit Basin was sampled by Hildreth et al. (1984). NBB and SBB flow ages were not determined.

Figure 1. Oxygen isotope ratios of larger and smaller zircons (Zrc), measur... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2000
values among individual quartz phenocrysts, especially for low-δ 18 O lavas erupted after Lava Creek Tuff (LCT) at 550–450 ka; (2) variability of different size zircons and air-abraded cores; (3) disequilibria between average quartz and zircon in most low-δ 18 O lavas. CF—Canyon flow, DR—Dunraven Road
Image
Evolution of δ18O in Yellowstone magmas. Caldera-forming eruptions are Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (HRT), Mesa Falls Tuff (MFT), and Lava Creek Tuff (LCT). (a) Individual quartz phenocrysts and bulk quartz. (b) Zircon, sanidine, and obsidian. Air-abraded zircon cores are filled diamonds. (c) Post LCT intra-caldera lava flows. The range of individual quartz phenocrysts are shown in boxes. Zircons are plotted by crystal size. (d) Δ18O(Qt-Zc) for LCT and post-LCT lavas. The equilibrium value of Δ(Qt-Zc) is 1.9–2.3‰ at 800–900°C. Note that only low δ18O rhyolites have quartz and zircon that are not equilibrated (from Bindeman and Valley 2000a, 2001).

Evolution of δ 18 O in Yellowstone magmas. Caldera-forming eruptions are Hu... Available to Purchase

Published: 02 January 2003
Figure 23. Evolution of δ 18 O in Yellowstone magmas. Caldera-forming eruptions are Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (HRT), Mesa Falls Tuff (MFT), and Lava Creek Tuff (LCT). (a) Individual quartz phenocrysts and bulk quartz. (b) Zircon, sanidine, and obsidian. Air-abraded zircon cores are filled diamonds