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Journal Article

Clast size controls and longevity of Pleistocene desert pavements at Lathrop Wells and Red Cone volcanoes, southern Nevada Available to Purchase

Greg A. Valentine, Charles D. Harrington
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 July 2006
Geology (2006) 34 (7): 533–536.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G22481.1
...Greg A. Valentine; Charles D. Harrington Abstract Formation of desert pavement and accretionary soils are intimately linked in arid environments. Well-sorted fallout scoria lapilli at Lathrop Wells (75–80 ka) and Red Cone (ca. 1 Ma) volcanoes (southern Nevada) formed an excellent parent material...
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View PDF for article title, Clast size controls and longevity of Pleistocene desert pavements at <span class="search-highlight">Lathrop</span> <span class="search-highlight">Wells</span> and Red Cone volcanoes, southern Nevada
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Journal Article

Scoria cone construction mechanisms, Lathrop Wells volcano, southern Nevada, USA Available to Purchase

Greg A. Valentine, Don Krier, Frank V. Perry, Grant Heiken
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 August 2005
Geology (2005) 33 (8): 629–632.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G21459AR.1
... are at or near the angle of repose for loose scoria. The cone at the hawaiitic Lathrop Wells volcano, southern Nevada, contains deposits that are consistent with these processes during early cone-building phases; these early deposits are composed mainly of coarse lapilli and fluidal bombs and are partially...
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View PDF for article title, Scoria cone construction mechanisms, <span class="search-highlight">Lathrop</span> <span class="search-highlight">Wells</span> volcano, southern Nevada, USA
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Journal Article

Cosmogenic 36 Cl dating of a young basaltic eruption complex, Lathrop Wells, Nevada Available to Purchase

Marek G. Zreda, Fred M. Phillips, Peter W. Kubik, Pankaj Sharma, David Elmore
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 January 1993
Geology (1993) 21 (1): 57–60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0057:CCDOAY>2.3.CO;2
...Marek G. Zreda; Fred M. Phillips; Peter W. Kubik; Pankaj Sharma; David Elmore Abstract It has been proposed that the Lathrop Wells volcanic center, a late Quaternary basaltic complex in southern Nevada, has erupted more than once. In common with most Quaternary basalts, this volcanic center has...
View PDF for article title, Cosmogenic 36 Cl dating of a young basaltic eruption complex, <span class="search-highlight">Lathrop</span> <span class="search-highlight">Wells</span>, Nevada
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Figure 2. A: Location map of Lathrop Wells cone, Nye County, Nevada. Also shown is image of digital elevation model (DEM) with cone and tephra-sheet extent identified in transparent overlay. B: Schematic cross section of cone rim along an east-to-west profile, showing location of trench and 33° contact between primary cone and reworked deposits (after SNL, 2007). C: Topographic (elevation and slope) transects of Lathrop Wells cone from east to west originating at the cone center. The best-fit match between the model and observed profiles occurs for κt = 300 m2 and n = 2. D: Aerial photograph of Lathrop Wells cone prior to extensive quarrying, showing principal surface features and locations of topographic transects used in the analysis (after SNL, 2007).

Figure 2. A: Location map of Lathrop Wells cone, Nye County, Nevada. Also s... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2007
Figure 2. A: Location map of Lathrop Wells cone, Nye County, Nevada. Also shown is image of digital elevation model (DEM) with cone and tephra-sheet extent identified in transparent overlay. B: Schematic cross section of cone rim along an east-to-west profile, showing location of trench and 33
Image
Figure 1. A: Air photo of Lathrop Wells volcano, showing cone and two lava flow fields. Symbols A and B mark locations of photos in Figures 2A and 2B, respectively. B: Air photo of Red Cone volcano, showing cone remnant and two lava flow fields. Symbols D and E mark locations of photos in Figures 2D and 2E, respectively

Figure 1. A: Air photo of Lathrop Wells volcano, showing cone and two lava ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2006
Figure 1. A: Air photo of Lathrop Wells volcano, showing cone and two lava flow fields. Symbols A and B mark locations of photos in Figures 2A and 2B , respectively. B: Air photo of Red Cone volcano, showing cone remnant and two lava flow fields. Symbols D and E mark locations of photos
Image
Figure 1. Geologic map showing main features of Lathrop Wells volcano.

Figure 1. Geologic map showing main features of Lathrop Wells volcano. Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2005
Figure 1. Geologic map showing main features of Lathrop Wells volcano.
Image
Figure 3. Inferred sequence of events at Lathrop Wells volcano. Early cone building (A) dominated by Strombolian bursts and development of concurrent lava flow (B). Later cone building dominated by fallout from sustained columns (C) and development of northeast lava field (D). This lava field is inferred to be contemporaneous with later cone building because fallout tephra are both beneath and on top of it.

Figure 3. Inferred sequence of events at Lathrop Wells volcano. Early cone ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2005
Figure 3. Inferred sequence of events at Lathrop Wells volcano. Early cone building (A) dominated by Strombolian bursts and development of concurrent lava flow (B). Later cone building dominated by fallout from sustained columns (C) and development of northeast lava field (D). This lava field
Journal Article

Geomorphic assessment of late Quaternary volcanism in the Yucca Mountain area, southern Nevada: Implications for the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository Available to Purchase

S. G. Wells, L. D. McFadden, C. E. Renault, B. M. Crowe
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 June 1990
Geology (1990) 18 (6): 549–553.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0549:GAOLQV>2.3.CO;2
.... The reliability off radiometric age determinations of the youngest volcanic center, Lathrop Wells, near the proposed Yucca Mountain site in Nevada has been problematic. In this study, a comparison of morphometric, pedogenic, and stratigraphic data establishes that correlation of geomorphic and soil properties...
View PDF for article title, Geomorphic assessment of late Quaternary volcanism in the Yucca Mountain area, southern Nevada: Implications for the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository
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Journal Article

Nonlinear slope-dependent sediment transport in cinder cone evolution Available to Purchase

Jon D. Pelletier, Michael L. Cline
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 December 2007
Geology (2007) 35 (12): 1067–1070.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G23992A.1
...Figure 2. A: Location map of Lathrop Wells cone, Nye County, Nevada. Also shown is image of digital elevation model (DEM) with cone and tephra-sheet extent identified in transparent overlay. B: Schematic cross section of cone rim along an east-to-west profile, showing location of trench and 33...
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Journal Article

Earthquake and volcano clustering via stress transfer at Yucca Mountain, Nevada Available to Purchase

Tom Parsons, George A. Thompson, Allen H. Cogbill
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 2006
Geology (2006) 34 (9): 785–788.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G22636.1
... at Crater Flat or in the central Yucca Mountain block. Instead, we calculated that the stress field was most encouraging to intrusions near fault terminations, consistent with the location of the most recent volcanism at Yucca Mountain, the Lathrop Wells cone. We found this linked fault and magmatic system...
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Book Chapter

Geology of the Yucca Mountain region Available to Purchase

Author(s)
John S. Stuckless, Dennis W. O'Leary
... of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, ∼10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region...
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Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Geology of the Yucca Mountain region
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Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed dominantly of pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The proposed repository would be constructed within the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the lower of two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs within the Paintbrush Group. The two welded tuffs are separated by the partly to nonwelded Pah Canyon Tuff and Yucca Mountain Tuff, which together figure prominently in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone. The Quaternary deposits are primarily alluvial sediments with minor basaltic cinder cones and flows. Both have been studied extensively because of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, ∼10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region is complex. During the latest Paleozoic and Mesozoic, strong compressional forces caused tight folding and thrust faulting. The present regional setting is one of extension, and normal faulting has been active from the Miocene through to the present. There are three major local tectonic domains: (1) Basin and Range, (2) Walker Lane, and (3) Inyo-Mono. Each domain has an effect on the stability of Yucca Mountain.

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Figure 1. A: Plot of normalized sediment flux versus normalized slope for the nonlinear slope-dependent transport model (Equation 1). The value of the exponent n in this model characterizes how rapidly nonlinear transport increases sediment flux as the angle of stability, Sc, is approached. B: Plots of radial-profile evolution of a cinder cone evolving according to Equation 1 with n = ∞ and an initial morphology similar to Lathrop Wells cone. The evolution is characterized by rounding of the cone rim and base (where curvature is concentrated) and stability of the midpoint for times less than κt ≈ 1000 m2. C: Same as B but with n = 2. In this case, rounding of rim and base is accompanied by a slope “rotation” component driven by nonlinear transport close to the angle of stability. D: Relationship between midpoint slope and 1/n for a cone with an initial geometry similar to Lathrop Wells cone, an initial angle of 33°, and an age of κt = 300 m2.

Figure 1. A: Plot of normalized sediment flux versus normalized slope for t... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2007
. B: Plots of radial-profile evolution of a cinder cone evolving according to Equation 1 with n = ∞ and an initial morphology similar to Lathrop Wells cone. The evolution is characterized by rounding of the cone rim and base (where curvature is concentrated) and stability of the midpoint for times
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Figure 2. Examples of different surface deposits on top of lava flows at Lathrop Wells (A–C) and Red Cone (D, E) volcanoes. A: Vertical quarry exposure of fallout scoria beds, mixed zone of infiltrated eolian silt and fine sand and scoria at its top, and bimodal pavement on top (here coarse clasts are fragments from nearby exposure of Miocene silicic tuff). B: Bimodal developing desert pavement on southern lava field formed of clasts from fallout tephra (well-sorted small lapilli) and from larger fragments weathered off nearby lava surface that protrudes above pyroclastic deposits. C: Contrasting surface morphology at Lathrop Wells volcano for areas with and without scoria lapilli as parent materials: south lava surface (left of electrical pole) has developing lapilli pavement, and northeast lava surface (right of pole) is largely covered with active dunes. D: Oblique view of soil pit showing relatively mature desert pavement at Red Cone dominated by well-sorted fallout scoria lapilli, and underlying soil with upper Av and underlying reddened horizons. E: Poor pavement development at Red Cone where parent materials are coarse, irregularly shaped, moderately to poorly sorted clasts. Note larger fraction of open space

Figure 2. Examples of different surface deposits on top of lava flows at La... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2006
Figure 2. Examples of different surface deposits on top of lava flows at Lathrop Wells (A–C) and Red Cone (D, E) volcanoes. A: Vertical quarry exposure of fallout scoria beds, mixed zone of infiltrated eolian silt and fine sand and scoria at its top, and bimodal pavement on top (here coarse clasts
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Figure 3. Map view of Coulomb stress change on dipping Solitario Canyon, Fatigue Wash, and Windy Wash faults from a vertical dike opening (shaded red) beneath Lathrop Wells. We modeled a 2 m opening on a N30°E-striking plane at locations where least stress was reduced by fault slip as shown in Figure 2C. In this scenario, fault slip and dike opening are mutually reinforcing processes.

Figure 3. Map view of Coulomb stress change on dipping Solitario Canyon, Fa... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2006
Figure 3. Map view of Coulomb stress change on dipping Solitario Canyon, Fatigue Wash, and Windy Wash faults from a vertical dike opening (shaded red) beneath Lathrop Wells. We modeled a 2 m opening on a N30°E-striking plane at locations where least stress was reduced by fault slip as shown
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Color orthophoto map of the Yucca Mountain area with surface fault traces from figure 2 of Whitney, Taylor, and Menges, 2004 shown in the smaller boxed area. Numbers show locations of observed maximum-slip values of 1.3 m on the Solitario Canyon fault, 0.4 m on the Fatigue Wash fault, and 1.0 m on the Windy Wash fault at the time of the Lathrop Wells eruption. The footprint of the proposed repository is approximate.

Color orthophoto map of the Yucca Mountain area with surface fault traces f... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2007
, and 1.0 m on the Windy Wash fault at the time of the Lathrop Wells eruption. The footprint of the proposed repository is approximate.
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Figure 2. Phase-equilibria diagram for Crater Flat hawaiite. Solid diamonds represent constant pressure-temperature (P-T) experiments. Double diamonds illustrate reversal experiments. Solid lines are mineral liquidus curves. Dashed lines are contours of plagioclase composition (anorthite [An] content). Horizontal and vertical patterned areas are regions in P-T space where pre-eruption magmatic phenocryst assemblage and composition of Little Cone NE (LC) and Lathrop Wells (LW), respectively, are stable.

Figure 2. Phase-equilibria diagram for Crater Flat hawaiite. Solid diamonds... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2004
[An] content). Horizontal and vertical patterned areas are regions in P - T space where pre-eruption magmatic phenocryst assemblage and composition of Little Cone NE (LC) and Lathrop Wells (LW), respectively, are stable.
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Figure 2. A: Modeled central Yucca Mountain faults contoured with 80 k.y. of oblique slip caused by remote extension. Negative slip implies rate change caused by basal model boundary conditions. B: Mapped change in least principal stress magnitude resulting from fault slip shown in A. Warm colors (least stress increased) indicate areas less favored for basalt intrusions, while cool colors indicate places where fault slip encourages intrusion. Contour scale is same as in C. C: Magnitude of the least principal stress projected onto a N30°E-striking plane, which is orthogonal to extension direction and, thus, is a likely orientation for basalt feeder dikes at Lathrop Wells.

Figure 2. A: Modeled central Yucca Mountain faults contoured with 80 k.y. o... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2006
and, thus, is a likely orientation for basalt feeder dikes at Lathrop Wells.
Journal Article

Experimental constraints on magma ascent rate for the Crater Flat volcanic zone hawaiite Available to Purchase

M.G. Nicholis, M.J. Rutherford
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 June 2004
Geology (2004) 32 (6): 489–492.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G20324.1
... [An] content). Horizontal and vertical patterned areas are regions in P - T space where pre-eruption magmatic phenocryst assemblage and composition of Little Cone NE (LC) and Lathrop Wells (LW), respectively, are stable. ...
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(A) Dense rock equivalent (DRE) volumes of scoria cones, lava flows, and tephra deposit of Sunset Crater eruption compared with values from other basaltic monogenetic eruptions (SM12 [see text footnote 1]): 1943–1951 Paricutin (Segerstrom, 1960; Pioli et al., 2008); 1759–1774 El Jorullo (Rowland et al., 2009); 86 k.y. B.P. Puy de la Vache (Jordan et al., 2016); 1975 Tolbachik cones 1 and 2 (Budnikov et al., 1983); 1850–1995 Cerro Negro (Hill et al., 1998); 1973 Heimaey (Self et al., 1974); 35 k.y. B.P. Marcath (Valentine et al., 2017); 77 ± 0.01 m.y. B.P. Lathrop Wells (Heizler et al., 1999; Valentine et al., 2007); &lt;5 k.y. B.P. Serra Gorda (Booth et al., 1978); 11 k.y. B.P. Croscat (Cimarelli et al., 2013); 1909 Chinyero (Di Roberto et al., 2016); 8.5 k.y. B.P. Red Cones (Browne et al., 2010). (B) Relative fractions of DRE volumes of scoria cone, lava flows, and tephra fall deposit for Sunset Crater and other basaltic monogenetic volcanoes; the dashed line indicates the general trend.

(A) Dense rock equivalent (DRE) volumes of scoria cones, lava flows, and te... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 November 2018
Jorullo ( Rowland et al., 2009 ); 86 k.y. B.P. Puy de la Vache ( Jordan et al., 2016 ); 1975 Tolbachik cones 1 and 2 ( Budnikov et al., 1983 ); 1850–1995 Cerro Negro ( Hill et al., 1998 ); 1973 Heimaey ( Self et al., 1974 ); 35 k.y. B.P. Marcath ( Valentine et al., 2017 ); 77 ± 0.01 m.y. B.P. Lathrop
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(A) Shaded relief map of Pliocene-Pleistocene part of Southwest Nevada volcanic field. Alkali basaltic volcanoes are shown in grayscale (areas with diagonal striping and dashed outlines are volcanoes buried beneath alluvium). Heavy lines show calderas of Timber Mountain caldera complex. Volcano labels: TM—Thirsty Mountain; SECF—Southeast Crater Flat basalts; BM—Buckboard Mesa; HC—Hidden Cone; LBP—Little Black Peak; MC—Makani Cone; BC—Black Cone; RC—Red Cone; LC—Little Cones; LW —Lathrop Wells volcano; B, C, D, F, G, and H are buried volcanoes of Pliocene age. Inset shows location with respect to southwestern United States. Figure was modified from Valentine and Perry (2007). (B) Shaded relief map of seafloor in northwest Pacific Ocean area, with study sites A, B, and C described in Hirano et al. (2006) and Fujiwara et al. (2007). Small-volume volcanoes form where Pacific plate flexes upward (approximate location of flexure axis is shown), such as at site B. At site A, volcanoes are faulted as Pacific plate bends downward into subduction zone (Japan Trench). Thin dashed line is approximate trace of Nosappu fracture zone (NFZ). Stars are locations of sampled volcanoes.

(A) Shaded relief map of Pliocene-Pleistocene part of Southwest Nevada volc... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2010
. Volcano labels: TM—Thirsty Mountain; SECF—Southeast Crater Flat basalts; BM—Buckboard Mesa; HC—Hidden Cone; LBP—Little Black Peak; MC—Makani Cone; BC—Black Cone; RC—Red Cone; LC—Little Cones; LW —Lathrop Wells volcano; B, C, D, F, G, and H are buried volcanoes of Pliocene age. Inset shows location