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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
East Africa
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Kenya (2)
-
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Egypt (1)
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Libya (1)
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Morocco (1)
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Southern Africa
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South Africa (1)
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Antarctica
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Beardmore Glacier (1)
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Queen Alexandra Range (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Central Asia (1)
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Chukchi Peninsula (1)
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Far East
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China
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Hubei China
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Yichang China (1)
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Tancheng-Lujiang Fault (1)
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Japan (1)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Middle East (1)
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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Siberia (3)
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Siberian Platform
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Turkmenia (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Blue Mountains (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Essex County Ontario (1)
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Mackenzie Mountains (1)
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Nunavut
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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British Columbia (1)
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Yukon Territory
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Char (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Amur region (1)
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
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Kolyma River basin (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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Sakhalin (1)
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Siberian Platform
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Yakutia region (1)
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Turkmenia (1)
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Cook Inlet (1)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Indian Ocean
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (7)
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Appalachians
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Basin and Range Province (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Great Lakes
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Pacific Ocean
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South America
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United States
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Alabama
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California
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Fresno County California
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Merced County California (1)
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Colorado
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Eastern U.S. (1)
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Florida
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Sarasota County Florida (1)
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Forest City Basin (1)
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Illinois
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Iowa
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Kansas
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Kentucky (1)
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Michigan
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Michigan Lower Peninsula
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Allegan County Michigan (1)
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Bay County Michigan (2)
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Eaton County Michigan (2)
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Emmet County Michigan (2)
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Ogemaw County Michigan (1)
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Ottawa County Michigan (1)
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Saint Clair County Michigan (1)
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Tuscola County Michigan (1)
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Van Buren County Michigan (1)
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Washtenaw County Michigan (1)
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Michigan Upper Peninsula
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Houghton County Michigan (1)
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Keweenaw County Michigan
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Isle Royale National Park (1)
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Luce County Michigan (1)
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Marquette County Michigan (1)
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Menominee County Michigan (1)
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Schoolcraft County Michigan (1)
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Midcontinent (11)
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Midwest (3)
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Minnesota (3)
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Mississippi (1)
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Mississippi River (1)
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Missouri
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Platte County Missouri (1)
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Montana
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Lincoln County Montana
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Libby Montana (1)
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Nebraska
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Hitchcock County Nebraska (1)
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Nemaha Ridge (1)
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Nevada
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Nye County Nevada
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Yucca Mountain (1)
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New Jersey (1)
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New Mexico
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Bernalillo County New Mexico
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Albuquerque New Mexico (1)
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New York
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Cayuga County New York (1)
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Erie County New York (1)
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Finger Lakes
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Cayuga Lake (2)
-
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Niagara County New York (1)
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Seneca County New York (1)
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Tompkins County New York (3)
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North Carolina
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Macon County North Carolina (1)
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Ohio
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Erie County Ohio (1)
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Lorain County Ohio (1)
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Morrow County Ohio (1)
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Oklahoma
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Beaver County Oklahoma (1)
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Cimarron County Oklahoma (1)
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Dewey County Oklahoma (1)
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Oregon
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Ozark Mountains (1)
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Pennsylvania (4)
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South Carolina
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Southern U.S. (1)
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Texas
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Jack County Texas (1)
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West Texas (1)
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Utah
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Virginia
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Washington
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West Virginia
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commodities
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale oil (1)
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vermiculite deposits (1)
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water resources (3)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (7)
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C-14 (3)
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organic carbon (1)
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chemical ratios (3)
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halogens
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bromine
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bromide ion (1)
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chlorine
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chloride ion (3)
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-
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
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isotope ratios (9)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (3)
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Cs-137 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
-
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stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (7)
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D/H (1)
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N-15 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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-
-
metals
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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calcium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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aluminum (2)
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copper (1)
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iron (2)
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lead
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Pb-210 (1)
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nickel (1)
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rare earths (1)
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nitrogen
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N-15 (1)
-
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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-
-
fossils
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bacteria
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coliform bacteria
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Escherichia
-
Escherichia coli (1)
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borings (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (3)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Lissamphibia
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Anura (1)
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Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bovidae
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Bison (1)
-
-
-
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Hyaenidae (1)
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-
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae (1)
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-
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Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea (1)
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Reptilia (2)
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coprolites (1)
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fungi (2)
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ichnofossils (4)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Ostracoda (1)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Coleoptera (1)
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Diptera
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Chironomidae (1)
-
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Hymenoptera (1)
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Lepidoptera (1)
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Trichoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (3)
-
-
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Brachiopoda (6)
-
Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata (1)
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Trepostomata (2)
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Cnidaria
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Hydrozoa (1)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (2)
-
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Echinozoa
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Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
-
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia (2)
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Gastropoda (1)
-
Rostroconchia (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (2)
-
-
-
microfossils
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Conodonta (3)
-
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (2)
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miospores
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pollen (3)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
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Rhodophyta (1)
-
-
Bryophyta
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Musci
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Sphagnum (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Quercus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
thallophytes (2)
-
trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
U/Pb (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene (3)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Lake Iroquois (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Barstow Formation (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene
-
Suwannee Limestone (1)
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
-
-
Demopolis Chalk (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Prairie Bluff Chalk (1)
-
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Mooreville Chalk (1)
-
Ripley Formation (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Franconia Formation (1)
-
Galesville Sandstone (2)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Osagian (1)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Meramecian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (2)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan (1)
-
Desmoinesian (2)
-
-
Minturn Formation (2)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Canyon Group (1)
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Missourian
-
Kansas City Group (1)
-
Lansing Group (3)
-
Plattsburg Limestone (1)
-
Rock Lake Shale Member (1)
-
Stanton Formation (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Douglas Group (1)
-
Tonganoxie Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Genesee Group (3)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Dundee Limestone (1)
-
Givetian (2)
-
Hamilton Group (4)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
Tully Limestone (3)
-
-
Traverse Group (1)
-
Upper Devonian (2)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (2)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Council Grove Group (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (1)
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Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (2)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (2)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian (1)
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (4)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (2)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic (3)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
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Oronto Group (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
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aragonite (1)
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calcite (1)
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dolomite (1)
-
-
halides
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chlorides
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halite (1)
-
-
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nitrates (1)
-
oxides
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gibbsite (1)
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goethite (2)
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hematite (2)
-
hydroxides
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iron hydroxides (1)
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pyrolusite (1)
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phosphates (1)
-
silicates
-
asbestos (1)
-
chain silicates
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amphibole group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (3)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
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hectorite (1)
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kaolinite (1)
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smectite (2)
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vermiculite (1)
-
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illite (1)
-
mica group
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (2)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (8)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (2)
-
-
North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Egypt (1)
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Libya (1)
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Morocco (1)
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-
Southern Africa
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South Africa (1)
-
-
-
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Lansing New York
New Opportunities to Study Earthquake Precursors
NMR and computational molecular modeling studies of mineral surfaces and interlayer galleries: A review
North America's Midcontinent Rift magma volume: A coincidental rendezvous of a plume with a rift
Structural and dynamical relationships of Ca 2+ and H 2 O in smectite/ 2 H 2 O systems
Contrasting terrains of the Lake Michigan and Saginaw lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Michigan
ABSTRACT Recent mapping in southwestern Michigan conducted through U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP, EDMAP, and Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition projects has produced new interpretations of the origin of the landforms and sediments of the Lake Michigan and Saginaw lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the dynamics of these lobes. The Lake Michigan lobe advanced southeastward into a proglacial lake at least as far east as the Kalamazoo moraine. During its advance, the lobe extensively deformed the lacustrine sediments it overrode. These structures will be discussed in several pits. When ice backed away from the Kalamazoo moraine, it formed a series of proglacial lakes, several of which were described for the first time in the studies upon which this guidebook is based. As the ice retreated, lowland areas between morainal uplands were utilized by meltwater drainage events, some of them probably catastrophic in nature. The Saginaw lobe stagnated over a broad marginal area as it retreated northeastward toward Saginaw Bay. The resulting stagnant marginal zone is coincident with the subcrop of the Marshall Sandstone. Enhanced basal drainage into the underlying sandstone may have played a role in the dynamics of the lobe. High-relief, supraglacial landforms such as hummocky topography and ice-walled lake plains overprint subglacial landforms in this region, which include large tunnel valleys with inset eskers. Better understanding of the glacial geology of this region is critical to economic development, management of water resources, and exploration for aggregates and other resources.
The dynamics of evolutionary stasis
The Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition (GLGMC), consisting of state geological surveys from all eight Great Lakes states, the Ontario Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey, was conceived out of a societal need for unbiased and scientifically defensible geologic information on the shallow subsurface, particularly the delineation, interpretation, and viability of groundwater resources. Only a small percentage (<10%) of the region had been mapped in the subsurface, and there was recognition that no single agency had the financial, intellectual, or physical resources to conduct such a massive geologic mapping effort at a detailed scale over a wide jurisdiction. The GLGMC provides a strategy for generating financial and stakeholder support for three-dimensional (3-D) geologic mapping, pooling of physical and personnel resources, and sharing of mapping and technological expertise to characterize the thick cover of glacial sediments. Since its inception in 1997, the GLGMC partners have conducted detailed surficial and 3-D geologic mapping within all jurisdictions, and concurrent significant scientific advancements have been made to increase understanding of the history and framework of geologic processes. More importantly, scientific information has been provided to public policymakers in understandable formats, emphasis has been placed on training early-career scientists in new mapping techniques and emerging technologies, and a successful model has been developed of state/provincial and federal collaboration focused on geologic mapping, as evidenced by this program’s unprecedented and long-term successful experiment of 10 geological surveys working together to address common issues.
Abstract The spatial variation of sedimentary aquifer properties (e.g., porosity and permeability) must be characterized in order to develop accurate models of groundwater flow and solute transport. Aquifer characterization should ideally involve the following steps: (1) analysis of borehole logs, cores, and hydraulic testing data to determine the sedimentological nature and origin of the strata, and their hydraulic properties; (2) stratigraphic correlation of borehole logs and cores in order to assess the lateral continuity of distinctive sediment types (facies) between boreholes; (3) use of geophysical profiles to assess the orientation and structural continuity of sequences of strata, and to recognize distinctive geophysical patterns that can be related to distinctive sedimentary facies; (4) modeling of the geometry and distribution of sedimentary facies in the volume between boreholes, and (5) distribution of properties such as porosity and permeability as a function of sedimentary facies. Unfortunately, hydrogeologists rarely incorporate information on the sedimentology of aquifers, and shallow geophysical methods are not routinely used for aquifer characterization. Furthermore, techniques for accurately modeling the sedimentary facies or hydrofacies in three dimensions are still under development. However, recent use of combined sedimentological and geophysical techniques (e.g., GPR, high-frequency seismic, resistivity, electrical conductivity) have helped to describe the spatial variation in the porosity and permeability of sedimentary aquifers. These advances are leading to quantitative, 3-D stratigraphic models that provide a link among spatial variation in porosity and permeability, different scales of stratification (defined mainly by variations in grain size, shape, and fabric), and variation in geophysical parameters such