... Grenville foreland basin and the early Paleozoic Sauk transgressive sequence. Two key units, the Hazel and Lanoria Formations, have detrital zircon age spectra dominated by detritus derived from the Grenville orogen (the Llano uplift and eroded equivalents), the ca. 1.4 Ga Granite-Rhyolite, and the ca. 1.7...

... is older than Cambrian. In lithologic character and degree of metamorphism, the Lanoria and Castner formations resemble the vast systems of upper Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon and Belt series. The nearest Precambrian rocks like those in the Franklin Mountains are in the Van Horn area, 100 miles...

... by the Red Bluff granite (new name) and in other places by the Lanoria quartzite. The Magdalena formation is described in special detail. It consists primarily of thin-bedded, light gray to black limestone, which, for convenience, is divided into the following three members: the La Tuna at the base...

... et al., 2005 ; Mulder et al., 2017 ). The Lanoria Formation correlates well with the Troy Quartzite of northern Arizona and the Dox Formation–Shinumo Sandstone of the Grand Canyon ( Mulder et al., 2017 ). Spencer et al. (2014) correlated the Lanoria Formation with the Hazel Formation in the Van...

... of the Lanoria quartzite indicates derivation from older crustal sources, most likely 1.8 Ga crustal rocks to the north. Denison and Hetherington (1969) originally speculated, on the basis of gross similarities in the thick stromatolite-bearing carbonate successions, that parts of the Allamoore Formation...

... in the preceding paragraph are present among the pebbles in the Precambrian Van Horn formation. The largest of these areas lies in the Carrizo Mountains a few miles west of Van Horn near the Culberson-Hudspeth county line. Here the basal conglomerate of the late Precambrian Van Horn formation was studied...

... grains in southern Mesoproterozoic basins formed after 1.45 Ga. Basins formed around the same time or after the Pinguicula Group, including the Apache Group and Troy Quartzite (central Arizona), Unkar Group (Grand Canyon), Lanoria/Hazel formations (West Texas), and Deer Trail Group (Washington/Idaho...

... by abundant sediments eroding off the nearby continent. The Ouachita orogeny resulted from the collision between the North American and the Lanoria plate during the late Paleozoic ( Ouachita Ecoregional Assessment Team, 2003 ). Sedimentary layers were folded and uplifted due to the compressional forces from...

... triggers crustal anatexis. Finally, the model ages imply that crust at least as old as 1.7 Ga underlies areas as far south as the southern Panhandle terrane. This conclusion is supported by a T DM of 1.71 Ga for the Proterozoic Lanoria Quartzite in the Franklin Mountains ( Patchett and Ruiz, 1989...