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Kunlun Terrane

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 Schematic stratigraphic column of the North Kunlun terrane (XBGMR 1993; Yin & Bian 1995).
Published: 01 September 2002
Fig. 3.  Schematic stratigraphic column of the North Kunlun terrane ( XBGMR 1993 ; Yin & Bian 1995 ).
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(A) The northern and southern boundary faults of the Proto-Tethys Tectonic Domain (after Li et al., 2016, 2018 and references therein) are shown. (B) Tectonic background of the western Tibetan Plateau (after Li et al., 2016, 2018; Li et al., 2019a), and (C) geological map of Qimanyute ophiolitic mélange in the western Kunlun Orogen, northwest Tibetan Plateau (after Han et al., 2002; 1:250,000 geological maps). Abbreviations: NALT—North Altyn; CALT—Central Altyn; SALT—South Altyn; WKT—West Kunlun Terrane; NWKT—Northern Western Kunlun Terrane; SKT—Southern Western Kunlun Terrane; TTT—Taxkorgan–Tianshuihai Terrane; KT—Karakorum Terrane; SPGZ—Songpan Ganze Terrane; EKT—West Kunlun Terrane; NEKT—Northern Eastern Kunlun Terrane; SEKT—Southern Eastern Kunlun Terrane; LAP—Longshoushan Accretionary Prism; NQI—North Qilian; CQI—Central Qilian; SQI—South Qilian; OLB—Oulongbuluke; WQL—West Qinling; SQL—South Qinling; QDM—Qaidam; NQL—North Qinling; NQT—North Qiangtang; SQT—South Qiangtang; NLS—North Lhasa; CLS—Central Lhasa; SLS—South Lhasa; TRMB—Tarim Block; SP—South Pamir; IDB—India Block; KA—Kohistan Arc Terrane; LA—Ladakh Arc Terrane; OKQ—Oytag–Kudi–Qimanyute Suture; ITS—Indus-Tsangbo Suture; SDS—Shangdan Suture; HQ—Hongshanhu–Qiaoertianshan Suture; MLS—Mianlue Suture; MKS—Mazha-Kangxiwa Suture; EKL–ANMQS—East Kunlun–A'nyemaqen Suture; JSJS—Jinshajiang Suture; LSS—Longmu Co-Shuanghu Suture; KZS—Kunzhong Suture; ALTF—Altyn Tagh Fault; WHSF—Wahongshan Fault; KKF—Karakurum Fault; NQLT—North Qilian Thrust; LMST—Longmenshan Thrust.
Published: 20 April 2021
of Qimanyute ophiolitic mélange in the western Kunlun Orogen, northwest Tibetan Plateau (after Han et al., 2002 ; 1:250,000 geological maps). Abbreviations: NALT—North Altyn; CALT—Central Altyn; SALT—South Altyn; WKT—West Kunlun Terrane; NWKT—Northern Western Kunlun Terrane; SKT—Southern Western Kunlun
Journal Article
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 29 January 2019
Geosphere (2019) 15 (2): 433–449.
... between the Amdo basement and Qiangtang terrane. Since the Bajocian of the Middle Jurassic, continued sea-level rise transformed the Qiangtang terrane into a south-facing shallow continental shelf, and sedimentary detritus was predominantly sourced from the Hoh Xil and Kunlun terranes to the north...
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(a) Schematic tectonic map of China, showing the major cratons and orogenic belts in mainland China (modified after Li et al.2007; Zhao & Cawood, 2012). The location of the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt (Fig. 1b) is shown by the rectangle. (b) Geological sketch map showing tectonic division of the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt and distribution of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic granitoids in the NW and SW Kunlun Terrane (modified after Li, Ji & Yang, 2008; Pan, 1996). Location of the Datong pluton (Fig. 2) is shown by the rectangle. NWKT – NW Kunlun Terrane; SWKT – SW Kunlun Terrane; TT – Tianshuihai Terrane; KKT – Karakoram Terrane. 1, Oytag-Kegang Fault (OKF); 2, Kudi Fault (KF); 3, Mazar-Kangxiwar Fault (MKF); 4, Longmucuo-Shuanghu Fault (LSF); 5, Karakoram Fault (KKF).
Published: 17 July 2017
tectonic division of the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt and distribution of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic granitoids in the NW and SW Kunlun Terrane (modified after Li, Ji & Yang, 2008 ; Pan, 1996 ). Location of the Datong pluton ( Fig. 2 ) is shown by the rectangle. NWKT – NW Kunlun Terrane; SWKT – SW
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(a) Simplified tectonic map of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen showing major tectonic terranes and sutures (modified after [15]). (b) Geological map of the Western Kunlun-Pamir-Karakorum (WKPK) showing the major tectonic terranes and related granitoids (modified from Li et al., [16]). The so-called basement of Tashkorgan terrane and South Kunlun terrane, locally known as the Bulunkuole Group and Saitula Group, are an early Paleozoic accretionary wedge. TSZ: Tanymas Suture Zone; RPSZ: Rushan-Pshart Suture Zone; SSZ: Shyok Suture Zone; ITSZ: Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone; KKF: Karakorum Fault; NKT: Northern Kunlun terrane; SKT: Southern Kunlun terrane; MZ-TSHT: Mazar-Tianshuihai terrane; KQS: Kudi-Qimanyute Suture; MKF: Mazar-Kangxiwa Fault; HQS: Hongshanhu-Qiaoertianshan Suture; WTBZ: Wakhan-Tirich Boundary Zone.
Published: 31 December 2020
Figure 1 (a) Simplified tectonic map of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen showing major tectonic terranes and sutures (modified after [ 15 ]). (b) Geological map of the Western Kunlun-Pamir-Karakorum (WKPK) showing the major tectonic terranes and related granitoids (modified from Li et al., [ 16
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(A) Simplified tectonic map of Pamir–Tibetan orogen (after Cai et al., 2017). (B) Simplified geological map of the west Kunlun orogenic belt (after Li et al., 2019). NKT—north Kunlun terrane; SKT—south Kunlun terrane; TSHT—Tianshuihai terrrane; OKS—Oytag Kudi suture; MKS—Mazar Kangxiwa suture; KKT—Karakorum terrane; KKF—Karakorum fault; ATF—Altyn Tagh fault.
Published: 16 March 2020
Figure 1. (A) Simplified tectonic map of Pamir–Tibetan orogen (after Cai et al., 2017 ). (B) Simplified geological map of the west Kunlun orogenic belt (after Li et al., 2019 ). NKT—north Kunlun terrane; SKT—south Kunlun terrane; TSHT—Tianshuihai terrrane; OKS—Oytag Kudi suture; MKS—Mazar
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 Schematic tectonic map of the Western Kunlun Range and adjacent region (modified after Yin & Bian 1995; Pan 1996; Xiao et al. 1998; Sobel & Arnaud 1999; Mattern & Schneider 2000); areas shown in Figs. 2 and 7 are marked by boxes. Inset is a schematic tectonic map of central Asia with a box showing the position of the Western Kunlun Range. NKL, North Kunlun terrane; SKL, South Kunlun terrane; TSH, Tianshuihai terrane; MKF, Mazar–Kangxiwar fault; QHF, Qiertianshan–Hongshanhu fault; E-QB, Eastern Kunlun and Qaidam blocks; K-QB, Karakoram–Qiangtang block; LHB, Lhasa block.
Published: 01 September 2002
map of central Asia with a box showing the position of the Western Kunlun Range. NKL, North Kunlun terrane; SKL, South Kunlun terrane; TSH, Tianshuihai terrane; MKF, Mazar–Kangxiwar fault; QHF, Qiertianshan–Hongshanhu fault; E-QB, Eastern Kunlun and Qaidam blocks; K-QB, Karakoram–Qiangtang block; LHB
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A suggested model for Early Cambrian magmatism in the west Kunlun orogenic belt. (A) The Proto-Tethys Ocean subducted southward beneath the southern Kunlun terrane and Tianshuihai terrane as early as the Early Cambrian (>533 Ma), forming an Early Cambrian magmatic arc in the Tianshuihai terrane. Slab roll-back induces arc retreat and crustal extension and leads to northeastward migration of magmatism. (B) In the late Early Cambrian subduction reverts from high angles to normal or low angles, causing subduction advance and crustal thickening. The partial melting of the thickened lower crust forms the adakitic diorites in the southern Kunlun terrane.
Published: 16 March 2020
Figure 14. A suggested model for Early Cambrian magmatism in the west Kunlun orogenic belt. (A) The Proto-Tethys Ocean subducted southward beneath the southern Kunlun terrane and Tianshuihai terrane as early as the Early Cambrian (>533 Ma), forming an Early Cambrian magmatic arc
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(A) Geological map of the Galinge skarn deposit. It is composed of six ore domains. The location of each orebody is based on vertical projection. (B) Map showing the distribution of terranes and suture zones in the Tibet Plateau (Xu et al. 2013). Study area (rectangle) is in the Qiman Tagh orogenic belt. (C) Geological sketch map of the study area showing orogenic belts and the locations of the skarn deposits. QL: Qilian terrane; QDM-E.KL: Qaidamu-East Kunlun terrane; BY-SG: Bayanhar-Songpan-Ganzi terrane; S.QT: Southern Qiangtang terrane; N.QT: Northern Qiangtang terrane; GDS: Gangdise terrane; HM: Himalaya terrane; ALT: Altun terrane; W.KL: West Kunlun terrane; TSH: Tianshuihai terrane; TRM: Tarim terrane; EKANSZ: East Kunlun-Anemaqen suture zone; JSRSZ: Jinsha River suture zone; LSLSZ: Longmuco-Shuanghu-Lancangjiang suture zone; BNSZ: Bangong-Nujiang suture zone; SJSZ: Shenza-Jiali suture zone; IYLZSZ: Yarlung Zangbo River suture zone; MFT: the main Himalaya thrust fault; ALT.F.: Altun fault; S.KL.F.: Southern Kunlun fault; M.KL.F.: Middle Kunlun fault; N.KL.F.: Northern Kunlun fault; N.QLT: the north margin of the Northern Qilian thrust fault; QMTG: Qiman Tagh orogen; ALT: Altun orogen.
Published: 01 January 2017
Tagh orogenic belt. (C) Geological sketch map of the study area showing orogenic belts and the locations of the skarn deposits. QL: Qilian terrane; QDM-E.KL: Qaidamu-East Kunlun terrane; BY-SG: Bayanhar-Songpan-Ganzi terrane; S.QT: Southern Qiangtang terrane; N.QT: Northern Qiangtang terrane; GDS
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(a) Regional tectonic map showing the location of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt (after Pan et al., 2004; Xiao et al., 2005). (b) Simplified geologic map of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt (after Yan et al., 2018). (c) Geologic map of the Kangxiwa-Quanshuigou area. The blue dots are the main rare metal pegmatite deposits examined in this study. Abbreviations: 469 = No. 496, AKSY = Akeshayi, BLS = Bailongshan, BZ = Bingzhou, DBDE = Dabudaer, DHLT = Dahongliutan, HSTS = Huoshitashi, KKT = Karakorum terrane, KLWL = Kalawala, KXW = Kangxiwa, MLC = Mulinchang, NKT = North Kunlun terrane, SG = Songpan-Ganzi, SKT = South Kunlun terrane, SS = Sansu, TST = Tianshuihai terrane, TTLG = Tatulugou, XEBL = Xiaoerbulong, XFL = Xuefengling, ZFLG = Zhongfulugou.
Published: 01 January 2022
are the main rare metal pegmatite deposits examined in this study. Abbreviations: 469 = No. 496, AKSY = Akeshayi, BLS = Bailongshan, BZ = Bingzhou, DBDE = Dabudaer, DHLT = Dahongliutan, HSTS = Huoshitashi, KKT = Karakorum terrane, KLWL = Kalawala, KXW = Kangxiwa, MLC = Mulinchang, NKT = North Kunlun terrane
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(A) εHf(t) vs. U/Pb age for igneous rocks in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt. (B) εHf(t) vs. U/Pb age for intrusions analyzed in this study and other intrusions related to Proto-Tethys Ocean. Data sources are given in Table S1 and results are included in Table S4 (see text footnote 1). Dashed lines outline the main εHf(t) values for the Western Kunlun terrane and the Southwestern Kunlun terrane. CHUR—chondritic uniform reservoir.
Published: 09 October 2020
footnote 1 ). Dashed lines outline the main ε Hf ( t ) values for the Western Kunlun terrane and the Southwestern Kunlun terrane. CHUR—chondritic uniform reservoir.
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 16 March 2020
GSA Bulletin (2020) 132 (9-10): 2221–2240.
...Figure 1. (A) Simplified tectonic map of Pamir–Tibetan orogen (after Cai et al., 2017 ). (B) Simplified geological map of the west Kunlun orogenic belt (after Li et al., 2019 ). NKT—north Kunlun terrane; SKT—south Kunlun terrane; TSHT—Tianshuihai terrrane; OKS—Oytag Kudi suture; MKS—Mazar...
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Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 08 February 2024
Geology (2024) 52 (4): 308–313.
... of elemental and isotopic data reveals transient (~2 m.y.) changes in the sources of early Paleozoic arc magmatism in the southern Kunlun terrane. The early-stage (ca. 530–487 Ma) magmatic rocks display relatively high ε Nd (t) (+0.3 to +8.7), ε Hf (t) (−3.6 to +16.0), and intra-oceanic arc-like features...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 September 2002
Journal of the Geological Society (2002) 159 (5): 517–528.
...Fig. 3.  Schematic stratigraphic column of the North Kunlun terrane ( XBGMR 1993 ; Yin & Bian 1995 ). ...
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Cartoons showing the tectonic evolution of the East Kunlun Orogen (EKO). (A) 850–820 Ma: the mantle plume caused the large-scale breakup of Rodinia and the formation of basaltic protoliths (adapted from Xu et al., 2016a). (B) 545 (?)–443 Ma: subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean occurred between the Central Kunlun Terrane (CKT) and Southern Kunlun Terrane (SKT) in the East Kunlun Orogen. (C) 443–422 Ma: continental crust, including Neoproterozoic mafic rocks, subducted along with the oceanic slab, and Neoproterozoic mafic rocks experienced eclogite-facies metamorphism. (D) 422–413 Ma: due to the break-off of subducting continental slab, eclogites were exhumed, and asthenospheric mantle was raised. (E) 413–390 Ma: the asthenospheric mantle was rising continuously, and the mafic–ultramafic rocks formed had a close spatio-temporal relationship with eclogites. SCLM—subcontinental lithospheric mantle.
Published: 07 August 2023
occurred between the Central Kunlun Terrane (CKT) and Southern Kunlun Terrane (SKT) in the East Kunlun Orogen. (C) 443–422 Ma: continental crust, including Neoproterozoic mafic rocks, subducted along with the oceanic slab, and Neoproterozoic mafic rocks experienced eclogite-facies metamorphism. (D) 422–413
Journal Article
Published: 18 March 2024
Journal of the Geological Society (2024) 181 (3): jgs2023-198.
... the Songpan-Ganzi–Tianshuihai composite terrane, with some contribution from the Karakoram and/or West Qiangtang. Given the proximity of the West Kunlun terrane to the sedimentary sections under study, and its long history of exhumation, this terrane in all likelihood also contributed to the studied...
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Journal Article
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 16 May 2019
Lithosphere (2019) 11 (4): 560–580.
... Paleozoic schists over Permian marble and slate. Exposure of the Torbashi thrust sheet terminates in the southeast, and with it the surface exposure of the Triassic Karakul-Mazar terrane, leaving the Paleozoic Kunlun terrane juxtaposed directly against Gondwanan terrane crust. Based on lithologic...
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Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 30 April 2020
GSA Bulletin (2021) 133 (1-2): 74–90.
..., and Kunlun terranes, coeval with or shortly after the onset of the India-Asia collision. This suggests that moderate crustal shortening affected a large part of Tibet in a spaced way, contrary to models of homogeneous crustal thickening soon after the collision, and prior to the main crustal thickening...
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Journal Article
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2014
Economic Geology (2014) 109 (6): 1787–1799.
...Yongbao Gao; Wenyuan Li; Zhiming Li; Jian Wang; Keiko Hattori; Zhaowei Zhang; Jianzhen Geng Abstract Mineralized occurrences in the Baiganhu district were discovered in 2002 after extensive exploration in the eastern Kunlun domain in the Kunlun terrane. Tungsten-Sn deposits in the area contain...
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(A) Tectonic framework of China (modified from Zhao and Cawood, 2012). (B) Geological sketch map of the North Wulan terrane and its adjacent blocks (modified from Xu et al., 2006). Abbreviations: TC—Tarim craton; NCC—North China craton; SCC—South China craton; KNTS—Kyrgyz North Tianshan; YB—Yili block; CCTS—Chinese Central Tianshan; AB—Alxa block; YtB—Yangtze block; CB—Cathaysia block; QNQO—Qilian–North Qaidam orogen; WKO—West Kunlun orogen; EKO—East Kunlun orogen; QDO—Qinling-Dabie orogen; QD—Qaidam Basin; CQT—Central Qilian terrane; HLT—Hualong terrane; NWT—North Wulan terrane; QM—Quanji massif; QKT—Qaidam-Kunlun terrane; WQT—West Qinling terrane.
Published: 15 April 2019
Tianshan; YB—Yili block; CCTS—Chinese Central Tianshan; AB—Alxa block; YtB—Yangtze block; CB—Cathaysia block; QNQO—Qilian–North Qaidam orogen; WKO—West Kunlun orogen; EKO—East Kunlun orogen; QDO—Qinling-Dabie orogen; QD—Qaidam Basin; CQT—Central Qilian terrane; HLT—Hualong terrane; NWT—North Wulan terrane