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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Australia
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Chordata
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Knocklofty Formation
The temnospondyl Chomatobatrachus halei , from the Knocklofty Formation of... Available to Purchase
Lower Triassic Temnospondyli of Tasmania Available to Purchase
Amphibians of the superorder Labyrinthodontia, order Temnospondyli, form a prominent component in a fossil vertebrate fauna collected from exposures of the Lower Triassic Knocklofty Formation in central and southeastern Tasmania. The four identified species described in this paper include: a brachyopid, Blinasaurus townrowi; a lydekkerinid, Chomatobatrachus halei; and two rhytidosteids, Deltasaurus kimberleyensis and Derwentia warreni. Deltasaurus kimberleyensis is also found in the Cluan Formation of north-central Tasmania as well as in the Blina Formation of the West Kimberley District, Western Australia (Cosgriff, 1965). Blinasaurus townrowi is closely related to B. henwoodi of the Blina Formation and to B. wilkinsoni of the Gosford Formation of New South Wales (Cosgriff, 1969). The other two forms, Chomatobatrachus halei and Derwentia warreni , are new, monotypic genera. All three of the temnospondyl families of the Tasmanian Triassic are also represented in other areas of the world widely separated from the Australian region by present-day geography. Their distributions thereby strongly suggest land connections linking most of the continental areas during the late Paleozoic and (or) early Mesozoic. This, in turn, supports the hypothesis of continental drift, a phenomenon for which abundant and convincing geophysical evidence has been accumulated in recent years. Blinasaurus is most closely related to Batrachosuchus of the Cynognathus Zone of South Africa, to Brachyops of the Mangali beds of India, and to Boreosaurus of the Sticky Keep Formation of Spitzbergen. Chomatobatrachus closely resembles Lydekkerina and Limnoketes of the Lystrosaurus Zone of South Africa. The two rhytidosteids, Deltasaurus and Derwentia , resemble both Rhytidosteus of the Cynognathus Zone and Peltostega of the Sticky Keep Formation. Fossil vertebrate and palynologic evidence, taken together, indicate that the faunas from the Knocklofty and Blina Formations are closely synchronous in the earliest part of the Triassic and that they are somewhat older than the vertebrate fauna from the Gosford Formation. In reference to the standard stratigraphic scale of the Beaufort Series of South Africa, the Knocklofty-Blina horizon appears to be above the Lystrosaurus Zone but below the Cynognathus Zone. Habitus and lithologic evidence, together with considerations of relative abundance in the localities and the environments in which related species in other areas have been found, provide the tentative conclusions that: B. townrowi and C. halei were more proximal to the sites of deposition than D. kimberleyensis and D. warreni ; that B. townrowi was a benthonic pond dweller that fed on large prey such as lungfish and other temnospondyls; that C. halei was a stream or stream-bank dweller that fed on insects or fish; and that D. kimberleyensis and D. warreni were actively swimming fish-eaters, inhabiting a downstream or estuarine habitat. The over-all aspect of the vertebrate fauna indicates a climate that was at least temperate, that lacked a marked cold season, and that was humid enough to maintain standing and flowing water during the entire year.
The South African stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi (Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Australia Available to Purchase
The first Triassic lungfish from South America (Santa Maria Formation, Paraná Basin) and its bearing on geological correlations within Pangaea Available to Purchase
Abstract The Triassic fish faunas of the Southern Hemisphere are only known from a few sedimentary basins and the most productive sites are those from the Karoo Supergroup, in South Africa and the Sydney Basin of Australia. A single lungfish tooth plate ascribed to Ptychoceratodus cf. philippsi was recovered from Late Triassic (Carnian) red beds of southern Brazil and is described herein. This find extends to South America the palaeogeographic distribution of the genus, which occurs in the Early Triassic of Australia and South Africa and the Middle/Late Triassic of Europe and Late Triassic of Madagascar and India. The presence of this dipnoan solely in the uppermost part of the Santa Maria Formation suggests that the migration of Ptychoceratodus towards the Paraná Basin began not before the late Induan/early Olenekian (late Early Triassic). At that time, more humid (monsoonal) conditions prevailed in what is now southern Brazil, compared to semi-arid/desert conditions that dominated the Late Permian and possibly the earliest Early Triassic (the latter presumably not represented in the Paraná Basin).
27 th Du Toit Memorial Lecture: Re-uniting lost continents – Fossil reptiles from the ancient Karoo and their wanderlust Available to Purchase
‘Proterosuchia’: The Origin and Early History of Archosauriformes Available to Purchase
Abstract The earliest history of Archosauriformes is mainly represented by members of Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae, which are known worldwide from latest Permian to Middle Triassic beds. These two groups were historically combined within ‘Proterosuchia’, with approximately 30 nominal species. Two morphotypes have been recognized among proterosuchians: proterosuchids with a generally more sprawling gait and elongated and low skulls with an overhanging premaxilla, and the more heavily built erythrosuchids, with a probably less sprawling gait and large, presumably hypercarnivorous, skulls. The systematics of ‘Proterosuchia’ was relatively chaotic throughout most of the twentieth century, but currently there exists consensus regarding the non-monophyly of proterosuchians and their phylogenetic position outside all other archosauriforms. In contrast, the delimitation and taxonomic content of Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae remain unstable. Few studies of proterosuchian palaeobiology have been carried out. Current lines of evidence favour a predominantly terrestrial lifestyle for proterosuchians. Limb bone histology indicates rapid continuous growth rates in Proterosuchus and Erythrosuchus before reaching sexual maturity. A better knowledge of proterosuchian anatomy, systematics, evolution and ecology is important for advancing understanding of the origin and early radiation of Archosauriformes and the patterns of biotic recovery following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction event. There remains much research to be carried out in proterosuchian palaeobiology.
The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology Available to Purchase
Abstract The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology divides Triassic time into eight land-vertebrate faunachrons (LVFs) with boundaries defined by the first appearance datums (FADs) of tetrapod genera or, in two cases, the FADs of a tetrapod species. Definition and characterization of these LVFs is updated here as follows: the beginning of the Lootsbergian LVF=FAD of Lystrosaurus ; the beginning of the Nonesian=FAD Cynognathus ; the beginning of the Perovkan LVF=FAD Eocyclotosaurus ; the beginning of the Berdyankian LVF=FAD Mastodonsaurus giganteus ; the beginning of the Otischalkian LVF=FAD Parasuchus ; the beginning of the Adamanian LVF=FAD Rutiodon ; the beginning of the Revueltian LVF=FAD Typothorax coccinarum ; and the beginning of the Apachean LVF=FAD Redondasaurus . The end of the Apachean (= beginning of the Wasonian LVF, near the beginning of the Jurassic) is the FAD of the crocodylomorph Protosuchus . The Early Triassic tetrapod LVFs, Lootsbergian and Nonesian, have characteristic tetrapod assemblages in the Karoo basin of South Africa, the Lystrosaurus assemblage zone and the lower two-thirds of the Cynognathus assemblage zone, respectively. The Middle Triassic LVFs, Perovkan and Berdyankian, have characteristic assemblages from the Russian Ural foreland basin, the tetrapod assemblages of the Donguz and the Bukobay svitas, respectively. The Late Triassic LVFs, Otischalkian, Adamanian, Revueltian and Apachean, have characteristic assemblages in the Chinle basin of the western USA, the tetrapod assemblages of the Colorado City Formation of Texas, Blue Mesa Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in Arizona, and Bull Canyon and Redonda formations in New Mexico. Since the Triassic LVFs were introduced, several subdivisions have been proposed: Lootsbergian can be divided into three sub-LVFs, Nonesian into two, Adamanian into two and Revueltian into three. However, successful inter-regional correlation of most of these sub-LVFs remains to be demonstrated. Occasional records of nonmarine Triassic tetrapods in marine strata, palynostratigraphy, conchostracan biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and radioisotopic ages provide some basis for correlation of the LVFs to the standard global chronostratigraphic scale. These data indicate that Lootsbergian=uppermost Changshingian, Induan and possibly earliest Olenekian; Nonesian=much of the Olenekian; Perovkan=most of the Anisian; Berdyankian=latest Anisian? and Ladinian; Otischalkian=early to late Carnian; Adamanian=most of the late Carnian; Revueltian=early–middle Norian; and Apachean=late Norian–Rhaetian. The Triassic timescale based on tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology remains a robust tool for the correlation of nonmarine Triassic tetrapod assemblages independent of the marine timescale.