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![Phase diagrams calculated for an average Kluane Schist bulk composition over a select P-T area (450–650 °C, 2.5–4.5 kbar) using ds5.5, the activity-composition models described in the main text and a variety of aH2O values. Zone 3 assemblages are highlighted in orange, zone 4 in green, zone 5 in blue, and zone 6 in purple. (a) aH2O = 0.95, (b) aH2O = 0.85 (c) aH2O = 0.75, (d) aH2O = 0.65, (e) aH2O = 0.55. Across all diagrams we only observe the prediction of the zone 5 assemblage garnet-andalusite-biotite (+ quartz-plagioclase-ilmenite-H2O; light blue) below aH2O values of 0.65. (f) A best-fit model accounting for observed natural assemblages across the Kluane Schist and their associated P-T estimates (see Table 1). Yellow dashed line shows range of temperatures returned from graphite crystallinity (see Fig. S1).]()
![Later stage non-coaxial deformation (D3) across the Kluane Schist. (a) Asymmetric shear folds, F3. Red dashed lines highlight the form of F3 and yellow dashed lines highlight the axial traces with vergence toward the SSW. (b) Coarse lensoidal quartz veins within a zone 6 outcrop that provide a tops-to-the-SW sense of shear (also see Fig. 3a).]()
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![Fig. 12.]()
![(a) AFM diagram showing the plotting positions of whole-rock XRF analyses across the Kluane Schist (see red stars in Fig. 2). (b) Variation in whole-rock Mg/(Mg + Fe) (XMg) and Ca/(Ca + Na) (XCa) with petrological zone. (c–h) Mineral chemistry versus petrological zone across the Kluane Schist (green stars, Fig. 2); in (c) and (h) we compare mineral chemistry with the bulk composition (red squares) of proximal samples (see Fig. 2). In (c), (e), (f), and (g) we highlight distinct populations of biotite (bt1/2), cordierite (crd1/2), and muscovite (ms1/2) which are outlined further in the main text. (i) Plagioclase zonation with petrological zone.]()
![Phase diagram calculated for an average bulk composition of the Kluane Schist using ds5.5 and the activity models described in the main text. Below 500 °C aH2O = 0.5, from 500 to 590 °C aH2O = 0.55, from 590 to 630 °C aH2O = 0.95, and above 630 °C aH2O = 1 (see Figs. 11, 13, and main text for discussion). Above the wet solidus (thin red dashed line; red shaded fields) models are run with minimally saturated water contents determined at 4.0 and 2.0 kbar (see Fig. S5 and Forward petrological modeling). Bold assemblages highlight those most representative of the petrological zones across the Kluane Schist; pink text highlights zone 1 (M1) and zones 2–7 (M2) are highlighted in green. Red text refers to a discrepancy between model prediction and thin section observation (additionally, see text on right); these are discussed further in main text. Conventional barometry estimates are outlined by light blue stars. AvP estimates are highlighted by green stars. Pink dashed lines refer to T estimates from the garnet-biotite thermometer (Holdaway 2000). All these P-T estimates, along with their 1-sigma uncertainties, can be found in Table 1. Collectively, our results suggest the petrological zones across the Kluane Schist are best represented as a set of nested, clockwise P-T loops where peak conditions define a metamorphic field gradient of ∼200 °C/kbar.]()
![(a) The location of the study area within the terrane collage of the Northern Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera (modified from Colpron & Nelson 2011). The Jura-Cretaceous basinal assemblages that are situated between the Insular and Intermontane terranes, which include the Kluane Schist, are highlighted and labelled. (b) Map of the Kluane Basin, outlined by the red rectangle in (a). The distribution of the major lithologies within the Kluane Basin and their relationships to surrounding geological belts is shown (based on Mezger 1997, Mezger et al. 2001, Israel et al. 2015, Vice et al. 2020, this study).]()
![Geologic map including petrological zones within the central region of the Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada. This map represents the red dashed area outlined in Figure 1B. All lithologies are the same color as in Figure 1B unless indicated (dark pink—foliated variety of the Ruby Range batholith; blue—carbonate). Petrological zones are highlighted by different shading and fill patterns and labeled with circled numbers. The mineral assemblage characteristic of each zone is noted in the legend labeled “Petrological zones” (mineral abbreviations after Whitney and Evans, 2010). Field isograds within, and bounding, each petrological zone are shown by dashed lines and labeled with letters (a–l) that correspond to the phases used to define the isograds. Orange shading represents areas where leucosome is observed in Kluane Schist outcrops. Phase maps were made for samples highlighted by red stars, and green stars show the samples selected for monazite trace element analysis and U-Th-Pb petrochronology (full sample descriptions can be found within the main text; sample numbers are represented in boxes and are abbreviated, i.e., without 18/19WM prefix). AMICS—Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System.]()
![(A) Cross section A–A′ in Figure 2 (no vertical exaggeration). Metamorphic grade increases with increasing structural level. Sample localities are highlighted by yellow triangles, and average foliation measurements (S2) projected into the line of section are indicated by short solid lines. Isograds are directly labeled and indicated by thick solid lines (mineral abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 2). The observed growth and breakdown of distinct garnet populations is indicated by dashed green and blue lines, respectively (see main text). Orange dashed line (+L) represents localities where melt domains were observed in outcrop (see main text and Figs. 2, 3C, and 3D). Backscattered electron images above the section show representative monazite morphologies with structural level and metamorphic grade across the Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada. (B) A schematic representation of the typical chemical zoning preserved by monazite with structural level and metamorphic grade across the Kluane Schist (see main text and Fig. 6). The average measured monazite [Y], [Sm], and [Gd] from all chemical domains and [Th] from domains 3 and 4 are indicated (see main text). n—number of samples; def. RRB—deformed Ruby Range batholith.]()
![(A) General geologic map showing location of Dezadeash Formation (Yukon; YK), Nutzotin Mountains Sequence (Alaska; AK), Kluane Schist, Chisana Formation, Saint Elias Plutonic Suite and Kluane Ranges Plutonic Suite. After Dodds and Campbell (1988), and Trop et al. (2002). The Chisana Formation corresponds to volcanism coeval with the Chisana arc, the Saint Elias Plutonic Suite represents the roots of the Chitina magmatic arc, and the Kluane Ranges Plutonic Suite represents the roots of the Chisana magmatic arc (Trop et al., 2002; Lowey, 2011). BC—British Columbia. (B) Diagram showing radiometric ages of Saint Elias Plutonic Suite and Kluane Ranges Plutonic Suite (after Dodds and Campbell, 1988), and selected volcanic and plutonic rocks in the northern Cordillera. For Saint Elias Plutonic Suite, far right vertical gray bars correspond to U-Pb zircon ages for the Talkeetna arc, south-central Alaska (from Rioux et al., 2003, 2007) and biotite Ar/Ar ages for the Gravina (=Chitina) arc, southeastern Alaska (from Cohen et al., 1995); gray star corresponds to U-Pb zircon age for ultramafic rocks in Kluane Schist, southwestern Yukon (from Johnston et al., 2006); lower horizontal gray bar corresponds to U-Pb zircon crystallization ages for coeval plutons, south-central Alaska (from Plafker et al., 1989; Roeske et al., 1991, 2003); middle dashed gray bar corresponds to U-Pb zircon age of volcaniclastics in the Dezadeash southwestern Yukon (Lowey, 2011); and upper horizontal gray bar corresponds to K-Ar and Ar-Ar cooling ages for coeval plutons, south-central Alaska (after Mackevett, 1978; Plafker et al., 1989; Roeske et al., 2003). Horizontal gray bar across Kluane Ranges Plutonic Suite corresponds to Ar-Ar age of basalt in Chisana Formation, southern Alaska (after Short et al., 2005). Geologic time scale from Gradstein et al. (2004).]()
![(A) Combined pseudosection for samples 19WM120, 19WM118, and 19WM123 (see Fig. 2; full pseudosections are presented in Fig. S11 [see text footnote 1]). Colored fields refer to the assemblage characteristic of each petrographic zone and are indicated by circled numbers (cf. Fig. 2); orange (zone 3), green (zone 4), light blue (zone 5a), dark blue (zone 5b), purple (zone 6), pink and red (zone 7, paleosome and leucosome, respectively). All samples are modeled with a varied aH2O as described in the text. Samples experiencing peak conditions below the solidus (19WM120, 19WM118) are modeled assuming H2O saturation. Samples modeled above the solidus (19WM123) assume only the amount of H2O required to minimally saturate the assemblage in the immediate sub-solidus at 4 kbar (see Fig. S10 [text footnote 1]). Ti-in-biotite thermometer results are plotted directly on the combined pseudosection (boxed numbers refer to sample numbers in Fig. 2). Additional pressure-temperature (P-T) estimates (denoted *) as determined by McKenzie et al. (2024) are also plotted directly the combined pseudosection and were obtained using garnet-biotite thermometry, the crystallinity of graphite mineral inclusions to garnet, isochor modeling of fluid inclusions in garnet, conventional thermobarometry, and the Thermocalc average pressure software (see main text and Fig. S11 [text footnote 1]). Combined with the results of our phase modeling, these P-T determinations outline a shallow metamorphic field gradient (~200 °C/kbar) across the Kluane Schist. A largely isothermal decompression is then indicated by the development of the migmatites (i.e., zone 7L, see also Figs. 2 and 3). Together these define a generally clockwise P-T evolution for the Kluane Schist. (B) Plot highlighting the relationship between the peak metamorphic temperature and monazite domain age across the Kluane Schist. A clear younging of monazite domain age is seen moving from structurally higher samples to structurally lower samples (i.e., with decreased peak temperature). Mineral abbreviations are the same as in Figure 2. GPMB—garnet-plagioclase-muscovite-biotite barometer; AvP—Thermocalc average pressure estimate; gr. cryst.—crystallinity of graphite mineral inclusions in garnet (temperature); fluid inc.—isochor modeling of fluid inclusions in garnet (pressure).]()
![(A) Summary of the relationships used for petrochronology within this study (Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada). Each phase relationship is associated with a relative enrichment or depletion in yttrium [Y], based primarily on the stability of garnet (e.g., Foster et al., 2002; Gibson et al., 2004); this is reflected by the background color assigned to each zone. These phase relationships and their effect on monazite growth are discussed in detail in the main text. (B) Summary of the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions experienced by all samples across the Kluane Schist. Polygons refer to the stability field of the assemblage characteristic of zones 3–7 (cf. Figs. 2 and 8A) and are colored for their inferred relative Y content that would be available for reacting minerals such as monazite (see Figs. 9A and 8A). Inset monazite grain sketches highlight the progressive development of observed individual monazite domains along our inferred pressure-temperature (P-T) path. (C and D) Age distribution plots for (C) 19WM120 (zone 5; structurally low) and (D) 19WM123 (zone 7; structurally high) documenting our inferred domain distinction in terms of absolute Y and Th with age. In part D red dashed lines divide analyses from distinct monazite domains 1b, 2, 3, and 4 that are present in sample 19WM123 (see main text and Fig. 6). Diagrams in parts C and D were generated using the ChrontouR package for the open R platform (Larson, 2020). Mineral abbreviations are the same as in Figure 2. min sat.—minimally saturated solidus; n—number of samples.]()
![Box plot summarizing the stability of different minerals with distinct deformation events and petrologic zones across the Kluane Schist. Solid lines show when each mineral is stable and dashed lines represent metastable mineral preservation. ms = muscovite; cel = celadonite; ab = albite; a/o = andesine/oligoclase; Sillimanite (F) = fibrolitic sillimanite; Sillimanite (P) = prismatic sillimanite; grt(x) = garnet population x (see main text). Graphite stability refers to just that within the matrix, not porphyroblasts.]()
![Fig. 11.]()
![Simplified tectonostratigraphic tarrane map of eastern Alaska (modified from Nokleberg et al. 1994a). Abbreviations: AL, Alexander; CH, Chugach; DI, Dillon; GN, Gravina–Nutzotin flysch belt; KA, Kahiltna flysch terrane; KN, Kandik River; KS, Kluane schist; MA, Manley; NF, Nixon Fork; PE, Peninsular; RRb, Ruby Range batholith; ST, Stikine; WK, Wickersham; WR, Wrangellia; YA, Yakutat; YU, Yukon–Koyukuk; YT, Yukon– Tanana.]()
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Journal Article
Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 22 April 2024
The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology (2024) 62 (2): 189–224.
... of these basins, the Kluane Basin, within southwest Yukon Territory. The Kluane Schist is the primary assemblage of the Kluane Basin. It consists of metamorphosed and deformed low-Al pelites that were intruded by granodioritic plutons of the Paleocene Ruby Range batholith. Previous workers have suggested...
FIGURES
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Journal Article
A record of Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Insular terrane accretion within the northern Cordillera: Insights from monazite petrochronology across the Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon, Canada
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 08 February 2024
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (9-10): 3510–3526.
...Will F. McKenzie; Brendan Dyck; H. Daniel Gibson; Kyle Larson Abstract The Kluane Schist is a metamorphosed package of siliciclastic and lesser calcareous rocks that lies between the inboard pericratonic Intermontane terranes and outboard Insular terranes of the North American Cordillera within...
FIGURES
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Journal Article
Protolith of ultramafic rocks in the Kluane Schist, Yukon, and implications for arc collisions in the northern Cordillera
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 01 May 2015
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2015) 52 (7): 431–443.
...Dante Canil; Stephen T. Johnston; Rameses J. D’Souza; Larry M. Heaman Abstract Mafic and ultramafic rocks crop out as decimetre- to centimetre-sized bodies of talc–antigorite–olivine (±orthopyroxene) and chlorite–amphibole schists interleaved in the pelitic Kluane Schist of southwestern Yukon...
FIGURES
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Image
Phase diagrams calculated for an average Kluane Schist bulk composition ove...
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
Fig. 13. Phase diagrams calculated for an average Kluane Schist bulk composition over a select P-T area (450–650 °C, 2.5–4.5 kbar) using ds5.5, the activity-composition models described in the main text and a variety of a H 2 O values. Zone 3 assemblages are highlighted in orange, zone 4
Image
Later stage non-coaxial deformation (D 3 ) across the Kluane Schist. (a) As...
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
Fig. 8. Later stage non-coaxial deformation (D 3 ) across the Kluane Schist. (a) Asymmetric shear folds, F 3 . Red dashed lines highlight the form of F 3 and yellow dashed lines highlight the axial traces with vergence toward the SSW. (b) Coarse lensoidal quartz veins within a zone 6 outcrop
Image
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ESTIMATES ACROSS THE KLUANE SCHIST
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
TABLE 1. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ESTIMATES ACROSS THE KLUANE SCHIST
Journal Article
Sedimentology of the Dezadeash flysch and its implications for strike-slip faulting along the Denali Fault, Yukon Territory and Alaska
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 01 November 1976
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (1976) 13 (11): 1495–1513.
... terrane to the west. Along its western border, the Dezadeash flysch is truncated by the Denali Fault; towards the east, part of the Dezadeash Formation seems to have been metamorphosed into the Kluane Schist.It is suggested that both the Dezadeash flysch and Kluane Schist have been torn apart...
Journal Article
Origin and tectonic evolution of the Maclaren and Wrangellia terranes, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 October 1985
GSA Bulletin (1985) 96 (10): 1251–1270.
... of an imbricate series of north-dipping thrust faults. Paralleling the Broxson Gulch thrust, a few kilometres to the south, is the north-dipping Eureka Creek thrust, along which are juxtaposed the Slana River and Tangle subterranes. The Maclaren terrane is correlated with the Kluane Schist and the Ruby Range...
Image
Summary of ages for intrusions (filled bars) and movement on major fault zo...
in Protolith of ultramafic rocks in the Kluane Schist, Yukon, and implications for arc collisions in the northern Cordillera
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 01 May 2015
on the Llewellyn Fault extends to the youngest U–Pb detrital zircon age in the Kluane Schist. Data sources are as follows: Kluane ultramafic rocks, this study; Tally Ho shear zone, Tizzard et al (2009) ; Kluane Schist, Israel et al. (2011 a , 2011 b ) and Stanley (2012) ; Hotuilah batholith – Stuhini arc
Image
(a) AFM diagram showing the plotting positions of whole-rock XRF analyses a...
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
Fig. 9. (a) AFM diagram showing the plotting positions of whole-rock XRF analyses across the Kluane Schist (see red stars in Fig. 2 ). (b) Variation in whole-rock Mg/(Mg + Fe) (XMg) and Ca/(Ca + Na) (XCa) with petrological zone. (c–h) Mineral chemistry versus petrological zone across
Image
Phase diagram calculated for an average bulk composition of the Kluane Schi...
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
Fig. 14. Phase diagram calculated for an average bulk composition of the Kluane Schist using ds5.5 and the activity models described in the main text. Below 500 °C a H 2 O = 0.5, from 500 to 590 °C a H 2 O = 0.55, from 590 to 630 °C a H 2 O = 0.95, and above 630 °C a H 2 O = 1 (see Figs. 11
Image
(a) The location of the study area within the terrane collage of the Northe...
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
Schist, are highlighted and labelled. (b) Map of the Kluane Basin, outlined by the red rectangle in (a). The distribution of the major lithologies within the Kluane Basin and their relationships to surrounding geological belts is shown (based on Mezger 1997 , Mezger et al. 2001 , Israel et al
Image
Geologic map including petrological zones within the central region of the ...
in A record of Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Insular terrane accretion within the northern Cordillera: Insights from monazite petrochronology across the Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon, Canada
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 08 February 2024
Figure 2. Geologic map including petrological zones within the central region of the Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada. This map represents the red dashed area outlined in Figure 1B . All lithologies are the same color as in Figure 1B unless indicated (dark pink—foliated variety of the Ruby Range
Image
![(A) Cross section A–A′ in Figure 2 (no vertical exaggeration). Metamorphic grade increases with increasing structural level. Sample localities are highlighted by yellow triangles, and average foliation measurements (S2) projected into the line of section are indicated by short solid lines. Isograds are directly labeled and indicated by thick solid lines (mineral abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 2). The observed growth and breakdown of distinct garnet populations is indicated by dashed green and blue lines, respectively (see main text). Orange dashed line (+L) represents localities where melt domains were observed in outcrop (see main text and Figs. 2, 3C, and 3D). Backscattered electron images above the section show representative monazite morphologies with structural level and metamorphic grade across the Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada. (B) A schematic representation of the typical chemical zoning preserved by monazite with structural level and metamorphic grade across the Kluane Schist (see main text and Fig. 6). The average measured monazite [Y], [Sm], and [Gd] from all chemical domains and [Th] from domains 3 and 4 are indicated (see main text). n—number of samples; def. RRB—deformed Ruby Range batholith.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/gsabulletin/136/9-10/10.1130_B37198.1/3/s_b37198.1_f04.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=bwIczNJ7bLPo3pUVbk3t~6p7DghDOHgnH8vqywPkRgF9SVY1XZGRzsVSDbPx13WIPRhnTYQMZolxLZooT8nb4f4AHR8gvDQ3eWuHK2U4FYieOz2o0RFxIQsECPzVyvVBScvL3ZFfG685K9RJH8t~NXh99EW8jN62e1~Q~PQltgJ9F2FSw8dJTdfwvzFCcTr3w57nQ0AHIeA9GVESpzK4sQVOcXU2gOFXCLWpEI7bI7vI~RqqJ~SSdN-~eH7os20wUlMAEL4ibRmHdV3s5EdQ5hCcF7RKv5KT~XDolRn45JIjMRZFBwBCGSPRf9ODtoCLVaAxEy-ShDbQdCZaUa5HKQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Cross section A–A′ in Figure 2 (no vertical exaggeration). Metamorphi...
in A record of Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Insular terrane accretion within the northern Cordillera: Insights from monazite petrochronology across the Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon, Canada
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 08 February 2024
localities where melt domains were observed in outcrop (see main text and Figs. 2 , 3C , and 3D ). Backscattered electron images above the section show representative monazite morphologies with structural level and metamorphic grade across the Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada. (B) A schematic representation
Image
(A) General geologic map showing location of Dezadeash Formation (Yukon; YK...
in Oligocene-Neogene lithospheric-scale reactivation of Mesozoic terrane accretionary structures in the Alaska Range suture zone, southern Alaska, USA: Comment
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 02 July 2021
Figure 1. (A) General geologic map showing location of Dezadeash Formation (Yukon; YK), Nutzotin Mountains Sequence (Alaska; AK), Kluane Schist, Chisana Formation, Saint Elias Plutonic Suite and Kluane Ranges Plutonic Suite. After Dodds and Campbell (1988) , and Trop et al. (2002) . The Chisana
Image
![(A) Combined pseudosection for samples 19WM120, 19WM118, and 19WM123 (see Fig. 2; full pseudosections are presented in Fig. S11 [see text footnote 1]). Colored fields refer to the assemblage characteristic of each petrographic zone and are indicated by circled numbers (cf. Fig. 2); orange (zone 3), green (zone 4), light blue (zone 5a), dark blue (zone 5b), purple (zone 6), pink and red (zone 7, paleosome and leucosome, respectively). All samples are modeled with a varied aH2O as described in the text. Samples experiencing peak conditions below the solidus (19WM120, 19WM118) are modeled assuming H2O saturation. Samples modeled above the solidus (19WM123) assume only the amount of H2O required to minimally saturate the assemblage in the immediate sub-solidus at 4 kbar (see Fig. S10 [text footnote 1]). Ti-in-biotite thermometer results are plotted directly on the combined pseudosection (boxed numbers refer to sample numbers in Fig. 2). Additional pressure-temperature (P-T) estimates (denoted *) as determined by McKenzie et al. (2024) are also plotted directly the combined pseudosection and were obtained using garnet-biotite thermometry, the crystallinity of graphite mineral inclusions to garnet, isochor modeling of fluid inclusions in garnet, conventional thermobarometry, and the Thermocalc average pressure software (see main text and Fig. S11 [text footnote 1]). Combined with the results of our phase modeling, these P-T determinations outline a shallow metamorphic field gradient (~200 °C/kbar) across the Kluane Schist. A largely isothermal decompression is then indicated by the development of the migmatites (i.e., zone 7L, see also Figs. 2 and 3). Together these define a generally clockwise P-T evolution for the Kluane Schist. (B) Plot highlighting the relationship between the peak metamorphic temperature and monazite domain age across the Kluane Schist. A clear younging of monazite domain age is seen moving from structurally higher samples to structurally lower samples (i.e., with decreased peak temperature). Mineral abbreviations are the same as in Figure 2. GPMB—garnet-plagioclase-muscovite-biotite barometer; AvP—Thermocalc average pressure estimate; gr. cryst.—crystallinity of graphite mineral inclusions in garnet (temperature); fluid inc.—isochor modeling of fluid inclusions in garnet (pressure).](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/gsabulletin/136/9-10/10.1130_B37198.1/3/s_b37198.1_f08.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=v-fMX6k1EXxvAtpHq-jQh62spr306LZ1RLX3CiFQ4bPum5zPFh8xccqAYiLSw7dao242kxyTTBZ39rAaz7~0wJuL4ZPuJ4Fc-Y8vKDxTKC27KgLSS~0LWvfu94MhdKBC0Q7eYQdqNIPlkFrj08pNft8rZrFj-i4ACbBhCb5BZNqqrlyYbuYaKjd~V4XHaLUttohQjGvtEqr2FNf27-nOQMv1B75RqFcgoh1ZC2hKD7iU6QN8YNZIc065nTQg1x6wRwsUfovyz1Fahaq~wuxorgR4KE6Vt7xPweUPkFXVK12ZRU8zJUC~kmO4uQjCB6nFrnfzu1GqNAuanrTg0U8nAQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Combined pseudosection for samples 19WM120, 19WM118, and 19WM123 (see ...
in A record of Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Insular terrane accretion within the northern Cordillera: Insights from monazite petrochronology across the Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon, Canada
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 08 February 2024
metamorphic field gradient (~200 °C/kbar) across the Kluane Schist. A largely isothermal decompression is then indicated by the development of the migmatites (i.e., zone 7L, see also Figs. 2 and 3 ). Together these define a generally clockwise P-T evolution for the Kluane Schist. (B) Plot highlighting
Image
![(A) Summary of the relationships used for petrochronology within this study (Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada). Each phase relationship is associated with a relative enrichment or depletion in yttrium [Y], based primarily on the stability of garnet (e.g., Foster et al., 2002; Gibson et al., 2004); this is reflected by the background color assigned to each zone. These phase relationships and their effect on monazite growth are discussed in detail in the main text. (B) Summary of the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions experienced by all samples across the Kluane Schist. Polygons refer to the stability field of the assemblage characteristic of zones 3–7 (cf. Figs. 2 and 8A) and are colored for their inferred relative Y content that would be available for reacting minerals such as monazite (see Figs. 9A and 8A). Inset monazite grain sketches highlight the progressive development of observed individual monazite domains along our inferred pressure-temperature (P-T) path. (C and D) Age distribution plots for (C) 19WM120 (zone 5; structurally low) and (D) 19WM123 (zone 7; structurally high) documenting our inferred domain distinction in terms of absolute Y and Th with age. In part D red dashed lines divide analyses from distinct monazite domains 1b, 2, 3, and 4 that are present in sample 19WM123 (see main text and Fig. 6). Diagrams in parts C and D were generated using the ChrontouR package for the open R platform (Larson, 2020). Mineral abbreviations are the same as in Figure 2. min sat.—minimally saturated solidus; n—number of samples.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/gsabulletin/136/9-10/10.1130_B37198.1/3/s_b37198.1_f09.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=Z0UYu2BJHpNjrXDNKWww3st4FxeuuU2oxwuzPCaJ1JqwgcIiKH4iehyG1VvCnPxGUXu1ZiF4jV51h88WCc~LnaEChk6xAlt4PyUvETg31KYfpKKx1BDccTMwuSlahoFlwKYOIYdCN~MT~zwrMKvRI4OKtVkLmDP6~3QyWcUEdMWdIPxcA0XPazOPGHVOp9saYRDIKjNn~zdWbHPD0lg4yvbjFE9RDFzIvbe~jHeX4QJGHQZmuiIyzqDKFsa3JUJSGkXJnj3YMC0pybk2PHf5oBp9DMZIRmuN~0BYTpTLgVHSDQEJuHhoa54417i-aBs3uDrt1~ig1QsHzcs5wCgTUA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Summary of the relationships used for petrochronology within this study...
in A record of Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Insular terrane accretion within the northern Cordillera: Insights from monazite petrochronology across the Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon, Canada
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 08 February 2024
Figure 9. (A) Summary of the relationships used for petrochronology within this study (Kluane Schist, Yukon, Canada). Each phase relationship is associated with a relative enrichment or depletion in yttrium [Y], based primarily on the stability of garnet (e.g., Foster et al., 2002 ; Gibson et
Image
Box plot summarizing the stability of different minerals with distinct defo...
in Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, Southwest Yukon
> The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
Published: 22 April 2024
Fig. 4. Box plot summarizing the stability of different minerals with distinct deformation events and petrologic zones across the Kluane Schist. Solid lines show when each mineral is stable and dashed lines represent metastable mineral preservation. ms = muscovite; cel = celadonite; ab = albite
Image
Map of southwest Yukon showing study areas (red boxes), transport direction...
in Structure and kinematic evolution of the Duke River fault, southwestern Yukon
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 06 October 2016
Fig. 11. Map of southwest Yukon showing study areas (red boxes), transport direction of the Duke River fault (orange and black arrows), and Eocene–Oligocene strike-slip basins in the vicinity of the Duke River fault (red polygons). AX, Alexander terrane; CG, Chugach; KS, Kluane Schist; Nab
Image
Simplified tectonostratigraphic tarrane map of eastern Alaska (modified fro...
in Isotopic evidence for the sources of Cretaceous and Tertiary granitic rocks, east-central Alaska: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Yukon–Tanana Terrane
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 01 June 2000
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonostratigraphic tarrane map of eastern Alaska (modified from Nokleberg et al. 1994 a ). Abbreviations: AL, Alexander; CH, Chugach; DI, Dillon; GN, Gravina–Nutzotin flysch belt; KA, Kahiltna flysch terrane; KN, Kandik River; KS, Kluane schist; MA, Manley; NF, Nixon Fork
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