1-20 OF 126 RESULTS FOR

Katmai eruption 1912

Results shown limited to content with bounding coordinates.
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account

Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Close Modal
Sort by
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 October 2000
GSA Bulletin (2000) 112 (10): 1594–1620.
.... The Katmai caldera compensates for only 40% of the 13 km 3 of 1912 magma erupted, which included 7–8 km 3 of slightly zoned high-silica rhyolite and 4.5 km 3 of crystal-rich dacite that grades continuously into 1 km 3 of crystal-rich andesite. We have now mapped, sampled, and studied the products of all 20...
FIGURES | View All (14)
Journal Article
Published: 01 February 1992
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1992) 82 (1): 175–191.
...Katsuyuki Abe Abstract The seismic activity associated with the century's largest eruption and caldera collapse at Mount Katmai, Alaska, during June 1912 was poorly understood and is studied here in detail. The epicenter of the large shock of 10 June was long thought to be 140 km northeast of Mount...
Published: 01 January 1968
DOI: 10.1130/MEM116-p153
... Nine principal layers of tephra have been distinguished in the vicinity of Mount Katmai and Novarupta. These were products of the 1912 eruption, and five of them represent major explosive events. Isopachous maps for four of the five layers show conclusively that they originated at Novarupta...
Image
Distribution density histograms and log-normal probability density function fit curves for bubble populations in the analyzed ash samples using three-point (left column) and least-squares (right column) crater fit analysis for the ash samples from (A) Augustine eruption (2006 A.D.), (B) Katmai eruption (1912 A.D.), and (C) Hayes volcano eruption (1600 B.C.).
Published: 01 February 2011
) Katmai eruption (1912 A.D.), and (C) Hayes volcano eruption (1600 B.C.).
Journal Article
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 01 December 2012
Geosphere (2012) 8 (6): 1527–1567.
...Wes Hildreth; Judy Fierstein Abstract Mount Katmai has long been recognized for its caldera collapse during the great pyroclastic eruption of 1912 (which vented 10 km away at Novarupta in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes), but little has previously been reported about the geology of the remote ice...
FIGURES | View All (42)
Journal Article
Published: 01 February 2003
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2003) 93 (1): 94–108.
... and/or volatiles from nearby degassing and cooling magma bodies. At Mount Katmai, it is most consistent with continued seismicity along ring-fracture systems created in the 1912 eruption, perhaps enhanced by circulating hydrothermal fluids and/or seepage from the caldera-filling lake. Figure 3. (a) Shaded...
FIGURES | View All (8)
Series: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.19
EISBN: 9781862394193
... of these mainly thin, fine-grained deposits. At least 15, late Holocene tephra deposits are inferred at the BRAD. Their heterogeneity is the result of either eruptions of mixed or heterogeneous magmas, like the 1912 Katmai eruption, or secondary mixing of closely succeeding tephra deposits. Because most cannot...
FIGURES | View All (9)
Journal Article
Published: 01 January 1963
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1963) S7-V (2): 210–213.
...Pierre Bordet; Haroun Tazieff Abstract During the eruption of Mt. Katmai, June 1912, about 15 cu km of volcanic ejecta, since named "Katmai tuffs", was deposited. Recent field and laboratory work shows that this is ignimbritic dacite. The eruption can be reconstructed despite lack of direct...
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 December 1990
Geology (1990) 18 (12): 1240–1243.
...Peter C. Wallmann; David D. Pollard; Wes Hildreth; John C. Eichelberger Abstract New structural data from the Novarupta basin, Katmai National Park, Alaska, site of the largest volcanic eruption of this century (1912), provide limits for the location of magma chambers associated with this eruption...
Image
Figure 2. Simplified geologic map of volcanoes of the Katmai cluster, emphasizing relatively young eruptive units discussed in text. Glaciers are omitted for clarity. Novarupta depression (N) was source of 1912 eruption that filled Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) with ignimbrite, which also spilled south through Katmai Pass into Mageik Creek. Novarupta dome (black dot) was later extruded within the depression. Eruptive products of Mount Griggs stratovolcano are subdivided by age into older (o; Pleistocene), middle (m; proximal surfaces lightly modified by glacial erosion during late glacial or Neoglacial ice advances), and younger (y; unglaciated). (Caption continued on p. 1597.) Mount Katmai consists of two contiguous cones, Northeast Katmai (Ke) and Southwest Katmai (Kw), both cut by the caldera of 1912, which is now partly filled by a lake. The five youngest eruptive units identified at Mount Katmai are indicated: 1—leveed dacite lava flows; 2—south-rim rhyodacite lavas; 3—zoned scoria fall atop unit 2; 4—dacite agglutinate sheet; and 5—Horseshoe Island dacite dome. Plinian rhyodacite pumice-fall deposits (and ignimbrite) in Windy and Mageik Creeks (sites indicated by red X) may be related to most evolved lava of unit 2. Trident group consists of three Pleistocene cones, East Trident (Te), Trident I (TI), and West Trident (Tw), as well as Southwest (New) Trident (Tsw) lavas and fragmental cone of 1953–1974 and peripheral Pleistocene lava domes; two of these domes are named Mount Cerberus (MC) and Falling Mountain (FM). Mount Mageik consists of four overlapping centers (in shades of blue); only the youngest and easternmost center (for which individual lava flows are indicated) is Holocene. Mount Martin, entirely Holocene, consists of a small fragmental summit cone and several overlapping coulees. Alagogshak volcano (A), long extinct (Hildreth et al., 1999), is indicated only by its eroded crater. Holocene debris-avalanche deposits are in bright yellow; those emplaced in 1912 are labeled: KC—Katmai Canyon landslide; KRdf—Katmai River debris flow; ML—Mageik landslide; NM—Noisy Mountain landslide. Uncolored basement rocks are Jurassic Naknek Formation and Tertiary porphyry intrusions. Contour interval is 500 ft (∼152 m; 1 ft = 0.3048 m)
Published: 01 October 2000
Figure 2. Simplified geologic map of volcanoes of the Katmai cluster, emphasizing relatively young eruptive units discussed in text. Glaciers are omitted for clarity. Novarupta depression (N) was source of 1912 eruption that filled Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) with ignimbrite, which also
Image
Figure 5. Eruptive sequence of 6–9 June 1912, showing estimated timing and magma volumes of eruptive units, the accompanying seismicity, intervals of ash fall at Kodiak, and the changing proportions of rhyolite, dacite, and andesite that erupted concurrently. Fallout Layers A–H and concurrent ignimbrite packages were described by Fierstein and Hildreth (1992): Rhy Ig—all-rhyolite ignimbrite; Mxd Ig—compositionally zoned main ash-flow sequence; Dark Ig—late ash-flow units rich in andesite and dacite. Segment CDE indicates Episode II accumulation of Layers C, D, and E. Segment FGH indicates Episode III accumulation of Layers F, G, and H. Mount Katmai mud layers (Hildreth, 1991) are sheets of lithic ejecta expelled by hydrothermal explosions from Mount Katmai during caldera collapse and intercalated locally with the Novarupta-derived Plinian pumice layers. Lava domes were emplaced at unknown times after the explosive eruptions ceased. Horseshoe Island dome on floor of Katmai caldera (HI) is dacite; Phantom dome (PD), also dacite, represented by post–Layer H block bed, preceded Novarupta in plugging the 1912 vent but was destroyed prior to extrusion of Novarupta dome (N), which is >95% rhyolite but streaked with andesite and dacite. Stars emphasize earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater
Published: 01 October 2000
at unknown times after the explosive eruptions ceased. Horseshoe Island dome on floor of Katmai caldera (HI) is dacite; Phantom dome (PD), also dacite, represented by post–Layer H block bed, preceded Novarupta in plugging the 1912 vent but was destroyed prior to extrusion of Novarupta dome (N), which
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 May 1979
Geology (1979) 7 (5): 240–244.
.... Calculations using published estimates of the volume of erupted material yield an average magma-discharge rate of about 240,000 m 3 /s. This rate is approximately equivalent to that recorded in the 1956 eruption of Bezymianny and the 1912 eruption of Katmai. Geological Society of America 1979 *Present...
Image
Map of upper Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island group, showing many geographic locations mentioned in text and, in red, regional isopachs for total 1912 tephra-fall deposit (thickness in cm). Triangles indicate stratovolcanoes; ovals indicate calderas. Abbreviations for volcanoes: A—Alagogshak; D—Denison; D2—Devils Desk; DG—Douglas; F—Fourpeaked; K—Katmai; Kj—Kejulik; Ku—Kukak; M—Mageik; Mr—Martin; P—Peulik; S—Snowy Mountain; St—Steller; T—Trident. Behind volcanic chain is Novarupta (N—black dot), vent site of 1912 eruption. Abbreviations for other geographic features: B—Brooks Camp; BL—Brooks Lake; BR—Brooks River; DP—Dumpling Mountain; IB—Iliamna Bay; HB—Hallo Bay; KB—Katmai Bay; KF—Kaflia Bay; KG—Kaguyak Bay; KK—Kukak Bay; KM—Kamishak Bay; KN—Kinak Bay; KV—Katmai village; PB—Portage Bay; and PU—Puale Bay (called Cold Bay in 1912). Inset map shows drainage system near Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS, shaded); additional abbreviations here: G—Mount Griggs; HP—Hagelbarger Pass; KjP—Kejulik Pass; KP—Katmai Pass; and YP—Yori Pass.
Published: 01 December 2012
: A—Alagogshak; D—Denison; D 2 —Devils Desk; DG—Douglas; F—Fourpeaked; K—Katmai; Kj—Kejulik; Ku—Kukak; M—Mageik; Mr—Martin; P—Peulik; S—Snowy Mountain; St—Steller; T—Trident. Behind volcanic chain is Novarupta (N—black dot), vent site of 1912 eruption. Abbreviations for other geographic features: B—Brooks Camp
Journal Article
Published: 01 May 1948
Geological Magazine (1948) 85 (3): 172–175.
...J. Gentilli Abstract Analyses of world temperatures after the eruptions of Krakatao in 1883, Katmai in 1912, and the southern Andes in 1921 gives no evidence to support the theory that volcanic eruptions cause a lowering of temperatures even in the year immediately following the eruptions. GeoRef...
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 16 November 2017
Geology (2018) 46 (1): 23–26.
.... 353 , aaf8988 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8988 . Hildreth , W. , and Fierstein , J. , 2000 , Katmai volcanic cluster and the great eruption of 1912 : Geological Society of America Bulletin , v. 112 , p. 1594 – 1620 , https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1594...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 November 1953
GSA Bulletin (1953) 64 (11): 1279–1294.
... eruption of Katmai Volcano. Ice-rafted pebbles surrounded by envelopes of well-sorted coarse sand are incased in pieces of a thick manganese crust from Gilbert Seamount. The pebbles settled on the relatively smooth surface of the manganese crust and were incased by the slow upward growth of the crust...
Image
Figure 1. Regional location map showing part of the stratovolcano chain along the Alaska Peninsula southeast of the town of King Salmon. Solid triangles indicate cones active during the Holocene; open triangles indicate Pleistocene cones long inactive. The Katmai volcanic cluster includes Alagogshak (A), Martin (Mr), Mageik (M), Griggs (G), Trident (T; three extinct cones and one recently active cone), and Mount Katmai (K). Farther southwest is Kejulik (Kj) volcano and northeast is the Snowy Mountain (S) volcano pair. Solid circle (N) indicates Novarupta, site of the great explosive eruption of 1912, when ignimbrite (shaded valley fill) was emplaced in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Low points along the volcanic axis, which here forms the Alaska Peninsula drainage divide, include Katmai Pass (KP) and Kejulik Pass (KjP). Inset shows position of Katmai cluster along the chain of Alaska Peninsula arc volcanoes
Published: 01 October 2000
Alagogshak (A), Martin (Mr), Mageik (M), Griggs (G), Trident (T; three extinct cones and one recently active cone), and Mount Katmai (K). Farther southwest is Kejulik (Kj) volcano and northeast is the Snowy Mountain (S) volcano pair. Solid circle (N) indicates Novarupta, site of the great explosive eruption
Image
Simplified geologic map of Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) and volcanoes of the Katmai cluster. Contour interval 500 feet. From hachured vent depression around Novarupta lava dome (N—black), 1912 ignimbrite (tan) extends northwest 20 km along VTTS as well as across Katmai Pass for 10 km down Mageik Creek on Pacific slope. Knife Creek Glaciers (blue pattern) are numbered 1–5; other glaciers are omitted for clarity. Alagogshak volcano (A), long extinct, is indicated only by its eroded crater. Mount Mageik consists of four overlapping centers (in shades of blue); only the youngest and easternmost center (for which individual lava flows are indicated) is Holocene. Mount Martin, entirely Holocene, consists of small fragmental summit cone and several overlapping coulees. Trident group consists of three Pleistocene cones, East Trident (Te), Trident I (TI), and West Trident (Tw), as well as historical Southwest Trident (Tsw) lavas and fragmental cone of 1953–1974; several peripheral Pleistocene lava domes, comagmatic with Trident, include Mount Cerberus (MC) and Falling Mountain (FM). Mount Katmai consists of two overlapping centers, Northeast Katmai (Ke) and Southwest Katmai (KW), both truncated by 1912 collapse of hachured Katmai caldera, which is now partly filled by lake. Five youngest eruptive units of Mount Katmai are numbered (1–5) and discussed individually in text: 1—leveed dacite lava flows; 2—south-rim rhyodacite lavas; 3—zoned scoria fall atop unit 2; 4—dacite agglutinate sheet on caldera rim and correlative scoria-flow deposit at Knife Creek; and 5—Horseshoe Island dacite dome. Remnants of 22.5-ka plinian rhyodacite pumice-fall deposits (and ignimbrite) in Windy and Mageik Creeks (sites indicated by red X) are related to most evolved lava of unit 2. Products of Mount Griggs are subdivided by age into older (o—middle Pleistocene), middle (m—late Pleistocene), and younger (y—postglacial) exposures. Holocene debris-avalanche and debris-flow deposits are in bright yellow; those emplaced in 1912 are labeled: KC—Katmai Canyon landslide; KRdf—Katmai River pumiceous debris flow; ML—Mageik Landslide; NM—Noisy Mountain landslide. Uncolored basement rocks are Jurassic Naknek Formation or Tertiary porphyritic intrusions. Miscellaneous features: BM—Baked Mountain; BR—Broken Mountain; FL—site of Fissure Lake; GF—Griggs Fork of Knife Creek; JF—Juhle Fork of Knife Creek; T—Turtle; WR—Whiskey Ridge; hut—Baked Mountain Hut, research shelter; Island Camp and Camp IV were way stations between Katmai Bay and VTTS for 1916–1919 expeditions.
Published: 01 December 2012
Katmai (K W ), both truncated by 1912 collapse of hachured Katmai caldera, which is now partly filled by lake. Five youngest eruptive units of Mount Katmai are numbered (1–5) and discussed individually in text: 1—leveed dacite lava flows; 2—south-rim rhyodacite lavas; 3—zoned scoria fall atop unit 2; 4
Image
Figure 13. Katmai volcanic cluster plumbing system, drawn to scale along the N65°E volcanic axis, looking N25°W. No vertical exaggeration. Elevations on profile are in feet (1 ft = 0.3048 m). Wavy vertical lines indicate present-day fumarolic emissions. Jn—marine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic Naknek Formation. Novarupta (N), Falling Mountain (FM), Mount Cerberus (MC), and West Trident (TW) are not actually in the section, but their relative positions (Fig. 2) are indicated above the profile, respectively 4.5 km, 4 km, 4 km, and 1.5 km northwest of the line of section. G indicates direction toward Mount Griggs, 12 km northwest of the profile (see Fig. 2). Precollapse profile of Mount Katmai is adapted from Figure 4; volume displaced in 1912 was about 5.5 km3 and surface subsidence was 1.2 ± 0.1 km vertically. Displaced volume is modeled alternatively as conical funnel and cylindroid, each having top surface area (4 km2) equal to that of the caldera floor. H.I.—Horseshoe Island dacite dome; Agglut.—remnant of pre-1912 agglutinated dacite fallout that mantles west rim and peak 6128 and thickens into a pre-1912 crater. Magma reservoir of 1912 is depicted (just before eruption) as a unitary chamber zoned from andesite (A) to dacite (D) to rhyolite (R) in the proportions (1/4.5/7.5) erupted. Because the magma volume erupted was 2.3 times greater than the volume collapsed, the 13 km3 chamber is depicted as elongate along the volcanic axis, 1.3 km thick, 2 km across axis (into the profile), and 5 km along axis, thus extending well beyond the caldera. A rhyolite sill penetrates subhorizontal Mesozoic sedimentary strata, extending an additional 6 km toward Novarupta or Trident, whence the magma presumably diked its way to the surface. Chamber would have been larger to the extent that additional magma failed to erupt. Depth of reservoir is unknown but is represented arbitrarily at an upper crustal discontinuity and beneath, but (for clarity) clear of the caldera-collapse models. The 0.7 km3 of magma that erupted at Southwest Trident (Tsw) in 1953–1974 is shown stored as a circular sill 100 m thick; as a vertical dike, it would presumably have had an even thinner aspect ratio
Published: 01 October 2000
toward Mount Griggs, 12 km northwest of the profile (see Fig. 2 ). Precollapse profile of Mount Katmai is adapted from Figure 4 ; volume displaced in 1912 was about 5.5 km 3 and surface subsidence was 1.2 ± 0.1 km vertically. Displaced volume is modeled alternatively as conical funnel and cylindroid
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 2001
Geology (2001) 29 (9): 775–778.
... conditions of the high-silica rhyolite from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska, the silicic component of a classic zoned deposit. Figure 2. Phase-equilibria diagram for Katmai rhyolite experiments. Left- and right-pointing open triangles represent crystallization and melting experiments...
FIGURES