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Kalahari Group

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Journal Article

Hydroxymcglassonite-(K), KSr 4 Si 8 O 20 (OH)·8H 2 O, the first Sr-bearing member of the apophyllite group, from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa

Hexiong Yang, Xiangping Gu, Michael M. Scott
Published: 01 September 2022
American Mineralogist (2022) 107 (9): 1818–1822.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8210
...Hexiong Yang; Xiangping Gu; Michael M. Scott Abstract A new mineral species, hydroxymcglassonite-(K), ideally KSr 4 Si 8 O 20 (OH)·8H 2 O, has been found in the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. It is granular (<0.05 mm), associated with meieranite...
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View PDF for article title, Hydroxymcglassonite-(K), KSr 4 Si 8 O 20 (OH)·8H 2 O, the first Sr-bearing member of the apophyllite <span class="search-highlight">group</span>, from the Wessels mine, <span class="search-highlight">Kalahari</span> Manganese Field, South Africa
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Journal Article

PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS IN THE NEOPROTEROZOIC STRATABOUND COPPER-SILVER MINERALISATION, THE KALAHARI COPPERBELT, NORTHWESTERN BOTSWANA

A. PIESTRZYŃSKI, M. WENDORFF, M. LETSHOLO, W. MACKAY
Published: 01 September 2015
South African Journal of Geology (2015) 118 (3): 275–284.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.118.3.275
... on precious metals in the Ghanzi Group were inspired by the discovery of economic concentration of Au and PGE in the Polish Kupferschiefer ( Piestrzyński et al., 2002 ), especially as it is considered that the Permian Kupferschiefer and the Neoproterozoic deposits of the Kalahari Copperbelt show remarkable...
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View PDF for article title, PLATINUM-<span class="search-highlight">GROUP</span> MINERALS IN THE NEOPROTEROZOIC STRATABOUND COPPER-SILVER MINERALISATION, THE <span class="search-highlight">KALAHARI</span> COPPERBELT, NORTHWESTERN BOTSWANA
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Journal Article

Wesselsite, SrCu[Si 4 O 10 ], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa

G. Giester, B. Rieck
Published: 01 October 1996
Mineralogical Magazine (1996) 60 (5): 795–798.
Add to Citation Manager for Wesselsite, SrCu[Si 4 O 10 ], a further new gillespite-<span class="search-highlight">group</span> mineral from the <span class="search-highlight">Kalahari</span> manganese field, South Africa
Image
Modified pre-Kalahari Group geological map showing discrepancies between current maps of the Bray area in South Africa (Gabrielli, 2003) and the Molopo Farms area in Botswana (Gould et al., 1987). The location of borehole transects sampled in this study is also shown as well as known borehole intersections of the Postmasburg Group on the Circle T and Frylinck farms.

Modified pre-Kalahari Group geological map showing discrepancies between cu...

Published: 01 March 2019
Figure 2. Modified pre-Kalahari Group geological map showing discrepancies between current maps of the Bray area in South Africa ( Gabrielli, 2003 ) and the Molopo Farms area in Botswana ( Gould et al., 1987 ). The location of borehole transects sampled in this study is also shown as well
Image
Thickness distribution of the Kalahari Group (based on Haddon, 1999)

Thickness distribution of the Kalahari Group (based on Haddon, 1999 )

Published: 01 September 2001
Figure 7. Thickness distribution of the Kalahari Group (based on Haddon, 1999 )
Journal Article

Groundwater potential of the eastern Kalahari region of South Africa

B. Jonker, T. Abiye
Published: 01 September 2017
South African Journal of Geology (2017) 120 (3): 385–402.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.3.385
... the Orange River into Botswana. The total groundwater resource potential for the eastern Kalahari region of South Africa is estimated at 10127 Mm 3 /a, with the Kalahari Group aquifer showing the greatest potential, comprising 51% of the total resource. The storage capacity of the Kalahari Group aquifer...
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View PDF for article title, Groundwater potential of the eastern <span class="search-highlight">Kalahari</span> region of South Africa
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Journal Article

GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE XADE MAFIC COMPLEX, BOTSWANA

B. CORNER, D.R. VERRAN, P.R. HILDEBRAND
Published: 01 December 2012
South African Journal of Geology (2012) 115 (4): 485–498.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.115.4.485
...B. CORNER; D.R. VERRAN; P.R. HILDEBRAND Abstract The Xade Mafic Complex, situated in central Botswana, was identified during the first regional aeromagnetic survey of the country in 1975–77. It is covered by sedimentary rocks of the Kalahari Group and Karoo Supergroup, including Karoo lavas...
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View PDF for article title, GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE XADE MAFIC COMPLEX, BOTSWANA
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Journal Article

Zn-clays in the Kihabe and Nxuu prospects (Aha Hills, Botswana): A XRD and TEM study

Francesco Putzolu, Isabel Abad, Giuseppina Balassone, Maria Boni, Francesco Lupo, Nicola Mondillo
Published: 01 February 2023
American Mineralogist (2023) 108 (2): 362–382.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8439
.... The Kihabe and Nxuu ores are hosted in a Neoproterozoic metamorphozed quartzwacke unconformably covered by the recent sedimentary rocks, also containing calcretes, of the Kalahari Group. In the analyzed samples, four distinct mineralogical facies have been recognized: (1) vanadate-calcrete facies, poor of Zn...
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View PDF for article title, Zn-clays in the Kihabe and Nxuu prospects (Aha Hills, Botswana): A XRD and TEM study
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Image
Map showing the location of the Etosha Pan and deep boreholes in the Owambo Basin (modified after Miller, 1997; 2008). Isopachs of the Kalahari Group are from Miller and Schalk (1980) and are based on deep oil and coal exploration boreholes (Hugo, 1969; Hedberg, 1979), seismic data shot in the 1960s (Hedberg, 1979), numerous water boreholes in the regions of thinner Kalahari, a few deep water boreholes in regions of thick Kalahari (numbered only where referred to in text), and recent 400-m deep water boreholes in the Eenhana area (En in the figure; Miller, unpublished data).

Map showing the location of the Etosha Pan and deep boreholes in the Owambo...

Published: 01 September 2010
Figure 2. Map showing the location of the Etosha Pan and deep boreholes in the Owambo Basin (modified after Miller, 1997 ; 2008 ). Isopachs of the Kalahari Group are from Miller and Schalk (1980) and are based on deep oil and coal exploration boreholes ( Hugo, 1969 ; Hedberg, 1979
Image
Mean annual rainfall (in mm/a) over southern Africa (Thomas and Shaw, 1991). The distribution of the Kalahari Group and the Okavango-Kwando River systems are also shown.

Mean annual rainfall (in mm/a) over southern Africa ( Thomas and Shaw, 1991...

Published: 01 June 2013
Figure 9 Mean annual rainfall (in mm/a) over southern Africa ( Thomas and Shaw, 1991 ). The distribution of the Kalahari Group and the Okavango-Kwando River systems are also shown.
Image
Interpreted photo of a limestone layer of the Eiseb Formation (Middle Kalahari Group) showing small displacements (S20°57.54/E20°51.65, X2 in Figure 1). This small displacements are associated with a larger displacement (allocated by lithostratigraphic correlation) of 15 m with this bank of the Omuramba Epukiro compared to the southern bank.

Interpreted photo of a limestone layer of the Eiseb Formation (Middle Kalah...

Published: 01 December 2005
Figure 5. Interpreted photo of a limestone layer of the Eiseb Formation (Middle Kalahari Group) showing small displacements (S20°57.54/E20°51.65, X2 in Figure 1 ). This small displacements are associated with a larger displacement (allocated by lithostratigraphic correlation) of 15 m
Image
(A–C) Whole-rock HSE concentrations (ppb) in various peridotite classes plotted against Al2O3 (wt%) as a melt depletion index, with kimberlite- and basalt-borne xenoliths plotted separately for clarity. Shown for comparison are the residual concentrations in modelled melt depletion residues discussed in the text and displayed in Figure 11. Note that the modelled residual concentrations of Os, Ir, and Ru are very similar at the depicted scale. Also shown are suggested qualitative trends for various melt depletion-related and secondary effects. Grey field roughly encompasses the majority of orogenic peridotites, which are shown as crosses. PUM and ACM refer to the Primitive Upper Mantle and Archean Convecting Mantle reservoirs, respectively, with concentrations and references given in Table 2. “Kalahari Group 2” encompasses both xenoliths from the predominantly older (&gt; 110 Ma) micaceous kimberlites emplaced in the Kaapvaal craton and older kimberlites from the Kalahari craton, which entrained xenoliths sampling mantle that was not affected by the pervasive metasomatism observed for samples from the mostly younger, Group I generation of kimberlites (≤ 95 Ma; Griffin et al. 2003b, and references therein). References as in Figure 3. Continued on next page. (D–F) Whole-rock HSE concentrations (ppb) in various peridotite classes plotted against Al2O3 (wt%) as a melt depletion index, with kimberlite- and basalt-borne xenoliths plotted separately for clarity.

(A–C) Whole-rock HSE concentrations (ppb) in various peridotite classes plo...

Published: 01 January 2016
the majority of orogenic peridotites, which are shown as crosses. PUM and ACM refer to the Primitive Upper Mantle and Archean Convecting Mantle reservoirs, respectively, with concentrations and references given in Table 2 . “Kalahari Group 2” encompasses both xenoliths from the predominantly older (> 110
Image
(A–C) Whole-rock HSE concentrations (ppb) in various peridotite classes plotted against Al2O3 (wt%) as a melt depletion index, with kimberlite- and basalt-borne xenoliths plotted separately for clarity. Shown for comparison are the residual concentrations in modelled melt depletion residues discussed in the text and displayed in Figure 11. Note that the modelled residual concentrations of Os, Ir, and Ru are very similar at the depicted scale. Also shown are suggested qualitative trends for various melt depletion-related and secondary effects. Grey field roughly encompasses the majority of orogenic peridotites, which are shown as crosses. PUM and ACM refer to the Primitive Upper Mantle and Archean Convecting Mantle reservoirs, respectively, with concentrations and references given in Table 2. “Kalahari Group 2” encompasses both xenoliths from the predominantly older (&gt; 110 Ma) micaceous kimberlites emplaced in the Kaapvaal craton and older kimberlites from the Kalahari craton, which entrained xenoliths sampling mantle that was not affected by the pervasive metasomatism observed for samples from the mostly younger, Group I generation of kimberlites (≤ 95 Ma; Griffin et al. 2003b, and references therein). References as in Figure 3. Continued on next page. (D–F) Whole-rock HSE concentrations (ppb) in various peridotite classes plotted against Al2O3 (wt%) as a melt depletion index, with kimberlite- and basalt-borne xenoliths plotted separately for clarity.

(A–C) Whole-rock HSE concentrations (ppb) in various peridotite classes plo...

Published: 01 January 2016
the majority of orogenic peridotites, which are shown as crosses. PUM and ACM refer to the Primitive Upper Mantle and Archean Convecting Mantle reservoirs, respectively, with concentrations and references given in Table 2 . “Kalahari Group 2” encompasses both xenoliths from the predominantly older (> 110
Image
(a) Southwest Gondwana reconstruction (modified after de Wit et al., 2008) relative to Africa, showing Rodinian (pre-900 Ma) cratons and Pan-African−Brasiliano orogenic belts. The southwest ‘cape’ of Congo Craton underlay the Otavi Group carbonate platform (770 to 600 Ma) and is flanked to the west and south by the 600 to 520 Ma Kaoko and Damara orogenic belts, respectively. Abbrevation: São Fr.=São Francisco Craton; PP=Paranapanema Block. (b) Tectonic elements of northwest Namibia (modified after Miller, 2008b). Congo Craton consists of Rodinian basement inliers (e.g. CBe=Epupa Inlier; CBk=Kamanjab Inlier), folded cover (Cc) of the Damara Supergroup (Figure 2b), and a Northern Margin Zone (NMZ) where the post-rift upper Swakop Group (Figure 2c) is a bathyal foreslope facies. Kaoko Belt consists of a Coastal terrane (CT) that is the preserved leading edge of a Cryogenian−Ediacaran magmatic arc−forearc related to Ribeira and Dom Feliciano magmatic arcs (Figure 1a); a central zone (CKZ) of middle-late Ediacaran crustal transpression, metamorphism and anatexis involving Congo basement and Damara Supergroup cover; and a southern zone (SKZ) in which a folded Cryogenian−Ediacaran deep-sea fan (Zerrissene Group) is intruded by discordant late Ediacaran−Cambrian granite bodies. Damara Belt consists of a Northern Zone (NZ) of northwest-vergent thrusts and folds involving Damara Supergroup (post-rift basin facies) and little-exposed Congo basement, intruded by late Ediacaran−Cambrian syenogranite; a Central Zone (CZ) of folded Orosirian and Stenian basement, Damara Supergroup cover, a late Ediacaran arc-type diorite-granodiorite suite and Cambrian syenogranite; and a Southern Zone (SZ) in which a southeast-facing accretionary prism composed of semipelitic schist with a band of amphibolite is thrust onto the SMZ and is intruded by Cambrian syenogranite. Kalahari Craton includes the Rehoboth basement inlier (KB, Orosirian−Stratherian and Ectasian−Stenian, Miller, 2012); folded cover (Kc) of Witvlei Group (Tonian−middle Ediacaran) and Nama Group (late Ediacaran−Cambrian foredeep); and a Southern Margin Zone (SMZ) where southeast-vergent thick-skinned thrust nappes involve Kalahari basement and Damara Supergroup cover. Post-orogenic cover includes sedimentary and volcanic rocks (KE) of Karoo Supergroup (Carboniferous−Jurassic) and Etendeka Group (Early Cretaceous), and latest Cretaceous−Cenozoic sediments of Namib and Kalahari Groups (NK). White rectangle at the ‘heel’ of Kamanjab Inlier (CBk) shows the area of Figure 3a.

( a ) Southwest Gondwana reconstruction (modified after de Wit et al., 200...

Published: 01 June 2021
with a band of amphibolite is thrust onto the SMZ and is intruded by Cambrian syenogranite. Kalahari Craton includes the Rehoboth basement inlier (KB, Orosirian−Stratherian and Ectasian−Stenian, Miller, 2012 ); folded cover (Kc) of Witvlei Group (Tonian−middle Ediacaran) and Nama Group (late Ediacaran
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(opposite page) Map of the geology in the Vaalputs region. The area illustrated in Figure 2 is outlined in black. The onsite boreholes are indicated with red zone (A) and yellow zone (B) dots, with one green dot to indicate the innermost sample in zone (C). The blue dots represent boreholes not used in this study. The site boundary is displayed by solid lines. Structural features are indicated by finely dotted lines, and a major north-south fault near the centre of the area shown by a light dashed line. The area underlain by U-rich basement rocks (near the air strip) is enclosed with a curved dashed line. The currently used area is indicated by “L.I.W.L.” and “P.S.F.F.” indicates the location of the proposed spent fuel facility. The area is covered by Pleistocene sand of the Kalahari Group, and the few rock outcrops shown are, in order of youngest to oldest: Cretaceous olivine melilitite diatreme (light grey hatched area) in the southwest corner; several Jurassic (Karoo Supergroup) dolerites (light stippled northwest-southeast trending lines) in the middle of the map; Dwyka Group tillite (lens-like, heavily stippled area in the northwest corner; and from the Mesoproterozoic NMC: anorthosite (green stipples), charnockite (grey with ‘+’ signs), leucogranite (pink, finely stippled), Stofkloof granite-gneiss (red with ‘+’ signs), Vaalputs granite-gneiss (pink, heavily stippled) Riembreek granite-gneiss (orange with ‘+’ signs), gneiss from the Hoogoor Suite (yellow, very heavily stippled), and granulite of the O’kiep Group (light brown, with vertical lines indicating areas of higher metamorphic grade). Adapted from Andreoli et al. (1986).

(opposite page) Map of the geology in the Vaalputs region. The area illustr...

Published: 01 March 2020
) is enclosed with a curved dashed line. The currently used area is indicated by “L.I.W.L.” and “P.S.F.F.” indicates the location of the proposed spent fuel facility. The area is covered by Pleistocene sand of the Kalahari Group, and the few rock outcrops shown are, in order of youngest to oldest: Cretaceous
Image
Successive stages in drainage evolution in south-central Africa.

Successive stages in drainage evolution in south-central Africa. Figure 1...

Published: 01 March 2001
the Palaeocene andi Eocene, the latter three rivers formed a major endloreic system, which drained into the Kalahari basin, and contributed to deposition of the Kalahari Group sediments. Lower Palaeogene isopachs on the Mozambique margin (Figure 13c ) indicate southward displacement of the mouth of the Shire
Journal Article

Hydrogeological potential of the deep Ecca aquifer of the Kalahari, southwestern Botswana

C.S. Cheney, H.K. Rutter (née Jones), J. Farr, P. Phofuetsile
Published: 01 August 2006
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2006) 39 (3): 303–312.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/05-051
... improves further to the north. Ecca hydrochemistry Kalahari water quality water resources The Kalahari Group unconformably overlies the mudstones, siltstones and minor sandstones of the Mosolotsane Formation. The Mosolotsane Formation contains subordinate sandstones that thicken to the east...
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View PDF for article title, Hydrogeological potential of the deep Ecca aquifer of the <span class="search-highlight">Kalahari</span>, southwestern Botswana
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Journal Article

The Namibian Eiseb Graben as an extension of the East African Rift: evidence from Landsat TM 5 imagery

H. Wanke
Published: 01 December 2005
South African Journal of Geology (2005) 108 (4): 541–546.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/108.4.541
...Figure 5. Interpreted photo of a limestone layer of the Eiseb Formation (Middle Kalahari Group) showing small displacements (S20°57.54/E20°51.65, X2 in Figure 1 ). This small displacements are associated with a larger displacement (allocated by lithostratigraphic correlation) of 15 m...
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View PDF for article title, The Namibian Eiseb Graben as an extension of the East African Rift: evidence from Landsat TM 5 imagery
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The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications

T. Gumbricht, T. S. McCarthy, C. L. Merry
Published: 01 September 2001
South African Journal of Geology (2001) 104 (3): 243–264.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/1040243
...Figure 7. Thickness distribution of the Kalahari Group (based on Haddon, 1999 ) ...
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View PDF for article title, The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications
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Aeromagnetic interpretation of the Namaqua Sector of the NNMP after Corner and Durrheim (2018) and van Niekerk and Beukes (2019). The following abbreviations are used by Corner and Durrheim (2018): RT–Rehoboth Terrane; SRZ–Sinclair-Rehoboth Zone; GSP–Gordonia Subprovince, NamqP–Namaqua Province; KP–Khoisan Province, Kal-L–Kalahari Lineament; Kh-L–Kheis Lineament. Van Nieker and Beukes (2019) propose the northward extension of the Areachap Group (AG) in-between the Rehoboth Terrane (RT) and the Kalahari Lineament (Kh-L) where it is known as the Kalahari Line in Botswana. The Kalahari Lineament represents a zone in-between the Proto-Kalahari and Rehoboth cratons. Note the extent of the Keimoes Suite (KS) as interpreted in this study based on Macey et al. (2018a). The areas shown in Figures 3 and 9 are indicated on this map for clarity.

Aeromagnetic interpretation of the Namaqua Sector of the NNMP after Corner...

Published: 26 October 2020
–Namaqua Province; KP–Khoisan Province, Kal-L–Kalahari Lineament; Kh-L–Kheis Lineament. Van Nieker and Beukes (2019) propose the northward extension of the Areachap Group (AG) in-between the Rehoboth Terrane (RT) and the Kalahari Lineament (Kh-L) where it is known as the Kalahari Line in Botswana