...Paul G. Lucey; Jessica A. Norman; Sarah T. Crites; G. Jeffrey Taylor; B. Ray Hawke; Myriam Lemelin; H. Jay Melosh Abstract A global spectral survey of 4506 immature craters with diameters <1 km was carried out using near-IR data from the Kaguya Spectral Profiler to characterize the composition...

... produced ( Araki et al. 2009 ), and improved estimates of the lunar figure from a spherical harmonic model complete to degree and order 359 on a quarter-degree grid were made. Spectral Profiler (SP) data from Kaguya have been used to identify new rock lithologies ( Matsunaga et al. 2008 ), discover...

... is seen between the two Mg# analyses. (Color online.) Ohtake et al. (2012) reported an Mg# map for the lunar highlands obtained using spectra from the Kaguya Spectral Profiler ( Fig. 10b ). A comparison of our optimized Mg# map with the map of Ohtake et al. (2012) reveals qualitative spatial...

... al., 2014 ) of several thousand craters <1 km in diameter, using the Japanese lunar explorer Kaguya Spectral Profiler. Using a mixing model validated by analysis of data from the Lunar Soils Characterization Consortium ( Wiechert et al., 2001 ; Taylor and King, 2011 ), it was found that inside...

... of Cabeaus crater. In 2007, Japan launched the Kaguya spacecraft that included a magnetometer and plasma instrument that discovered reflected plasma species, new plasma wake configurations, and large E -fields in magnetic anomalies. In 2008, India launched the Chandryaan-1 spacecraft that carried a Swedish...

... Reconnaissance Orbiter to better understand Schrödinger’s geology. Sampled spectral profiles and linear unmixing models applied to the Clementine data indicate there is a heterogeneous distribution of both anorthositic and basaltic materials in the crater floor. M 3 data further validates this observation...

... at Station G, show similar, possibly correlative, lithology across lateral distances of a few meters ( Nagle 1980 ). Figure 2. Complex vertical structure and lack of horizontal continuity are indicated by three closely spaced cores at the Apollo 15 site. Three core profiles indicate maturity (FeO...

... Branch of the RAS 2019 V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS density profile modeling lunar subsurface Spacecraft data M 3 data Below is a list of abbreviations seen in the text; some with a small description. All are defined throughout the paper, but are also listed here...

... sources like impact-generated plasmas. Since this time, several major advances have occurred. First, paleomagnetic studies of lunar samples have experienced a renewed interest. Second, global magnetic field models have become available using data acquired by the Lunar Prospector and Kaguya missions...

... mature with increasing distance from the equator and recent work has examined this hypothesis. Maps of global reflectance from the SELENE Spectral Profiler have demonstrated that latitudes poleward of ~75° have higher reflectance and shallower continuum slopes (i.e., less reddening) ( Yokota et al...

... olivine-rich areas have been confirmed by independent VNIR instruments (Spectral Profiler [SP] on Kaguya; Moon Mineralogy Mapper [M 3 ] on Chandrayaan-1). However, the thermal infrared data from the LRO Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment can only place an upper limit of olivine present at these sites...

... surface volatiles. These internal volatiles are covered in McCubbin et al. (2023 , this volume) Near-infrared data from Chandrayaan-1, Cassini, and Deep Impact/EPOXI indicated near-global spectral absorptions consistent with the presence of water and hydroxyl on the sunlit surface of the Moon ( Clark...

... µm), to properly capture the profiles of bands of OH and H 2 O-ice in that spectral region. Prospecting applications that would benefit from such an instrument include locating areas with above average concentrations of hydrated materials (Sections 3.2 and 3.3), and searches for surviving remnants...

... to tetrahedral Cr 2+ ( Cloutis et al. 2004 ). Recent analyses of Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M 3 ) and SELENE Kaguya Spectral Profiler (SP) orbital data have identified spinel-bearing lithologies across the lunar surface (e.g., Sunshine et al. 2010 , 2014 ; Pieters et al. 2011 , 2014...

.... Anorthosites in the sample collection show a wide range of mafic contents ranging from the mafic anorthosite of Warren (1990) to the “purest anorthosite” (PAN, <2 vol% mafics) of Ohtake et al. (2009) , with an average mafic content of 7 vol% ( Wieczorek et al. 2006 ). Spectral measurements by the Kaguya...

... Profiler on Kaguya, and some of the spatial relations across the region were examined further by Sunshine et al. (2014) . Yamamoto et al. (2013) identified the strong 2000 nm absorption and focused on a more detailed assessment of the short-wavelength features comparing them with the Cloutis et al...

... of the chronology of emplacement (e.g., Hiesinger et al. 2002 , 2003 ; Wagner et al. 2002 ). Improved spatial/spectral resolution and coverage permitted further documentation of lunar volcanic features and deposits (e.g., Greeley et al. 1993 ; Weitz et al. 1998 ; Weitz and Head 1999 ; Heather et al. 2003...

... the Spectral Profiler on the Japanese Kaguya mission have been used to identify additional exposures of pyroxene and olivine-bearing compositions ( Matsunaga et al. 2008 ; Yamamoto et al. 2010 , 2011 ) and Fe- and Cr-spinel ( Yamamoto et al. 2013 ). Figure 14 Apatite veins in Apollo 17 dunite (72415...

...) and Spectral Profiler (SP) support this hypothesis because the FHT has been shown to be plagioclase-rich (> 80% plagioclase) and poor in mafic materials ( Prettyman et al. 2006 ; Crites and Lucey 2015 ; Peplowski et al. 2016 ). The mafic minerals that are observed in the farside FHT are more magnesian...

...-infrared (VNIR) wavelengths to identify surface exposures bearing low-Ca pyroxene ( Klima et al. 2011 ) and olivine (e.g., Isaacson et al. 2011 ), and depending on the precise composition may also be Mg-suite. Similarly, data from the Spectral Profiler on the Japanese Kaguya mission have also been used...