... of wind-blown sand and silt, stained reddish orange with iron hydroxide. Deposition of the sand probably began during the arid stages of the Early Pleistocene. Thin layers of lacustrine clays have accumulated in the hundreds of playa lake basins since Pleistocene time. The Recent deposits, consisting...

... is duly acknowledged. REFERENCES BAGNOLD, R. A., (1937) The size grading of sand by wind, Proc. Royal Soc., London., Ser. A. v. 163., pp. 250-264. - - (1941) The physics of Blown sand and desert dunes, Methuen & Co., London. 265 p. - - (1953) The surface movement of blown sand in relation to meteorology...

... to staining by ground water highly charged with iron oxide from the overlying red strata of the Carmel formation. Numerous short tension fractures within this top unit are filled with a clean, pure white sand, apparently derived from the overlying “W” marker unit (the basal Carmel stratum composed of reworked...

... of this snow-white sand. The crater itself is also partly filled with it. In addition, as long ago suggested by D. M. Barringer, a large fraction of the original amount has probably been blown away by the wind. Hager asserts without much argument that the white sand was derived from the sandy Kaibab...

... residual soils, often mantled by a veneer of superficial deposits, including blown sands, loess and alluvium (including infilled bedrock channels). Duricrusts, stone pavements and lag gravels may be present. Accumulation of salts within bedrock or boulders (e.g. wind-blown saline aerosols or from fogs/dew...

... were formed during the early Anglian Glacial. Both soils and the wind-blown sediments were formed on low relief terrace topography and are the remnants of a formerly extensive land surface. This feature was sub- sequently trimmed by meltwater rivers, then overlain by the Barham (outwash) Sands...

..., possibly with layers of wind-blown sands and salt layers (from local bedrock) ‘Hard-packed’ and smooth surface, possibly with sand sheets and drifts Salt playa Too deep for the capillary rise zone to reach the ground surface. Salts usually include chlorides, and often nitrates, sulphates...

... photo, of massive oil-stained sands from a well deviated at 38°. The massive character of the sands is evident from the uniform fluorescence and from the way the core breaks at right angles to the borehole rather than along bedding. ( c ) Two thin wind-ripple laminated aeolian intervals, arrowed, within...

... offlat-bottomed pits with overhanging sides that are very similar to small-scale kamenitzas. 2) Presence of hackled and corroded surfaces with micropits, resembling the product of differential solution. 3) Presence of iron-oxide-stained surfaces, suggesting oxidation. 4) Presence of solution pores...

... a dirty brown colour and weather to a highly corrugated and jagged surface. Honeycomb-like appearance due to weathering of limestones by rainwater solution is also seen at many places on the land. Associated with the limestones, and sometimes interstratified with it, are certain consolidated wind-blown...

... depositional site. The first was the wind, which deflated the silt and sand as dust; the second was the water, which received the wind-blown detritus, re-sorted it with gentle currents and small waves, and deposited it finally almost grain by grain in finely laminated cross-beds. The detrital minerals...

... deposits, not shown on the map, are present in Jim Wells and Kleberg counties west of the main Lissie outcrop. In this area, it is difficult, without detailed work, to differentiate between Lissie material, wind-blown sand, and sandy soil from the Lagarto. Gravels, probably of Lissie age, are exposed along...

...) (ii) stained brown to (more rarely) black due to the presence of iron oxides or other diagenetic phases, and (iii) predominantly infilled (where skeletal pores are present) with fine sand- to silt-size biogenic carbonate particles as well as micrite and smectite. The physical and chemical alteration...

... sand commonly is well sorted and finely skewed. The local variations superimposed on this pattern can be used to determine directions of sediment movement. Iron-stained quartz .—The distribution of iron-stained grains was used effectively in the study of sediment distribution and dispersal...

... and yellow stained saccharoidal sand. Much iron and steel, no nickel 290 311 Sand 311 312 Lost hole. Underreamer at bottom 312 326 In tunnel 71-vesicular sandstone 326 380 White sandstone, very quick. 375′ hard material dropped in hole 380 384 Drill twisted off 390 425 White...

... ecological conditions from such features as root traces and the fossils they contain ( Retallack 1997 ). Finally, the ages of geomorphic surfaces, and the sedimentary units that they cap, can be constrained by studies of soil variables such as depth of iron-staining, compared with well-dated chronosequences...

... carried by the two main rivers of subequatorial Nigeria, the Niger and its largest tributary, the Benue ( Fig. 1 ). Our aim is to obtain information on: 1) processes of clay, silt, and sand generation from diverse types of sources (wind-blown dust, soils and paleosols, siliciclastic units, crystalline...

.... 1991 . Ephemeral lakes, mud pellet dunes and wind-blown sand and silt: Reinterpretations of Devonian lacustrine cycles in north Scotland . Lacustrine Facies Analysis , 13 , 199 – 221 , doi: 10.1002/9781444303919.ch10 10.1002/9781444303919.ch10 Rogers , D.A. , Marshall , J.E.A...

.... These are well-rounded and apparently have been blown in from the deserts. The iron content of the sediment ranges from 0.5 percent in calcite sands to 3.5 percent in the clays and marls. The generalized pattern of sediment types is shown in Figure 10 , taken from Brodskaya (1952) . Brodskaya did not use...

... has a width of about a meter. 14. Sector 13 passes into 14 with the beach sediments changing from sands to large pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. Most particles are iron-stained. This variety of sediments extends for about 2 meters from the shore and abruptly passes into sands, pebbles, and small...