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![Overview of the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone (HFF). (a) Flateyjarskagi Peninsula is dominantly glaciated basaltic rock 10–8 Ma old (blue) and a few silicic intrusions (yellow) cut by numerous basaltic dikes (red lines) (Horst et al. 2018; Young et al. 1985). Regional north–south to north–northeast dikes are rotated tectonically by ∼90° over 10 km approaching the HFF (red dashed line; see Figs. 2 and 3 for context). (b) Vertical, transform-parallel, dextral fault zone with Riedel shears and gently plunging striations near the HFF. (c) Panorama of onshore part of the HFF in northern Flateyjarskagi. Gray, fractured lavas (left) pass laterally into intensely fractured, faulted, and altered red-colored lavas, fault breccia, cataclasite, and gouge (right). [Color online.]]()
![Location of the fracture networks within the active volcanic systems of the plate boundary in Iceland. The fracture networks are referred to as Reykjanes, Thingvellir, located in the West Volcanic Zone, and Husavik and Krafla, located in the North Volcanic Zone. More specifically, the fractures in the Husavik network are located at the junction between the North Volcanic Zone, a rift zone, and the Husavik-Flatey Fault, a transform fault that connects the North Volcanic Zone with the Kolbeinsey ridge.]()
![Dense network of mineral veins (of various minerals) in the Husavik–Flatey Fault, a transform fault zone in North Iceland. About 80% of the veins are extension fractures. The veins are exposed here at a depth of about 1500 m below the original surface of the lava pile that the fault dissects (Gudmundsson et al.2001, 2002).]()
![(a) The reminder of motions along diverging plate boundaries (modified from Wilson 1965). The dextral and sinistral motions of transform zones are compatible with the direction of plate separation across rift segments. (b) The main tectonic elements of Iceland: active rift segments (modified from Einarsson & Sæmundsson 1987; Einarsson 2008), transform zones identified based on earthquakes (e.g. Einarsson 1976, 1991; Rögnvaldsson et al. 1998; Jakobsdóttir 2008) and the centre of the hotspot. TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; SISZ, South Iceland Seismic Zone; NRZ, ERZ and WRZ, respectively, Northern, Eastern and Western rift zones. SRZ (Jóhannesson 1980) and NWRZ (Harðarson et al. 1997) are the Snæfellsnes and the Northwest rift zones, both now extinct; HMP, Hreppar Microplate. (c) Rift fissure swarms of the NRZ, fault segments of the TFZ, focal mechanisms and fault ruptures during earthquakes. The rift fissure swarms are: Th, Theistareykir; Má, Mánáreyjar; K, Krafla; Fr, Fremrinámar: A, Askja. TFZ segments are (Einarsson 1991; Rögnvaldsson et al. 1998; Stefánsson et al. 2008): GOR, Grímsey Oblique-Rift; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; DL, Dalvík Lineament. The box shows the location of the study area in Figure 2b.]()
![Seismicity along the Iceland plate boundary zones. Active rift zones are marked by fissure (and dike) swarms (yellow) and central volcanoes (black outlines) (Einarsson 2008; Einarsson and Sæmundsson 1987; Hjartardóttir et al. 2015a; Jóhannesson and Sæmundsson 1998). DL, Dalvik Lineament; ERZ, eastern rift zone; GOR, Grímsey Oblique Rift; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; KR, Kolbeinsey Ridge; NRZ, northern rift zone; RP, Reykjanes Peninsula; RR, Reykjanes Ridge; SAR, Skagi Abandoned Rift; SISZ, South Iceland seismic zone; TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; V, Vatnajökull Glacial Icecap; WRZ, western rift zone. Map and epicenters from the Icelandic Meteorological Office provided by Gunnar B. Guðmundsson. [Color online.]]()
![Fig. 4.]()
![Transform zones in north and south Iceland. (a) Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TFZ) with overall dextral slip is composed of three seismically active strands (Dalvik Lineament, Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone, and Grímsey Oblique Rift (GOR)) and links spreading segments of the northern rift zone (NRZ) with the Kolbeinsey Ridge (KR). The Eyjafjarðaráll Basin is a retreating segment of the KR. Volcanic centers (Mánáreyjar, Nafir, Hollinn, and Stóragrunn) and basins (e.g., Skjálfandadjúp) along the GOR are linked by seismically defined fault zones. (b) Oblique spreading on the Reykjanes Peninsula (RP) is linked to the eastern rift zone (ERZ) by the overall sinistral-slipping South Iceland seismic zone (SISZ). Very similar trends of volcanic centers and fault orientations occur along strike to the east–northeast in the Hreppar Block. North–south-trending, dextral strike-slip faults (black lines) of the SISZ overprint older oblique rifting structures. The western rift zone (WRZ) is in the process of being abandoned as the ERZ propagates to the south. Fissure swarms (yellow) related to active volcanic systems (or spreading segments) (after Hjartardóttir et al. 2015a, 2016). Inset shows locations of transform zones and regional spreading direction (bold arrows). RR, Reykjanes Ridge. [Color online.]]()
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![(a) Map of the Tjörnes fracture zone (TFZ) in north Iceland, with the thick red line showing the main fault traces of the Húsavík‐Flatey fault (HFF), the thin red lines secondary fault traces of the HFF, and the dashed red lines inferred faults. The TFZ connects the Northern volcanic zone (NVZ) to the Kolbeinsey ridge (KR). Black circles show the instrumental seismicity from the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) catalog, red circles show the Mw >4 earthquakes for the period 1900–2019, from the Iceland and the Northern Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (ICEL‐NMAR) catalog (Jónasson et al., 2021), and white stars show the historical earthquakes. The dashed black frame shows the location of panel (b). The black arrow in the inset shows the spreading direction and spreading rate of Eurasia at this location with respect to North America. (b) Enlargement of the HFF indicating the locations of the Traðargerði and Vestari‐Krubbsskál study sites. Red lines are fault traces. Yellow and black lines are offshore and onshore volcanic fissures, respectively. EB, Eyjafjarðaráll basin; EVZ, Eastern Volcanic Zone; EU, Eurasia plate; GOR, Grímsey oblique rift; NA, North America plate; RR, Reykjanes ridge; SISZ, South Iceland Seismic Zone; and WVZ, Western Volcanic Zone. The offshore faults have been mapped from multibeam bathymetry data, courtesy of Bryndís Brandsdóttir from the University of Iceland. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
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1-20 OF 32 RESULTS FOR
Husavik-Flatey Fault
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Journal Article
Evidence for Holocene Earthquakes along the Húsavík‐Flatey Fault in North Iceland: Implications for the Seismic Behavior of Oceanic Transform Faults Available to Purchase
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 28 March 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (4): 1966–1993.
... of classical paleoseismological techniques. The Húsavík‐Flatey fault (HFF) in northern Iceland, however, is a partially emerged oceanic transform fault accommodating 6–9 mm/yr of deformation, offering a unique opportunity to apply classic inland paleoseismic methods to decipher the Holocene earthquake history...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Image
![Overview of the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone (HFF). (a) Flateyjarskagi Peninsula is dominantly glaciated basaltic rock 10–8 Ma old (blue) and a few silicic intrusions (yellow) cut by numerous basaltic dikes (red lines) (Horst et al. 2018; Young et al. 1985). Regional north–south to north–northeast dikes are rotated tectonically by ∼90° over 10 km approaching the HFF (red dashed line; see Figs. 2 and 3 for context). (b) Vertical, transform-parallel, dextral fault zone with Riedel shears and gently plunging striations near the HFF. (c) Panorama of onshore part of the HFF in northern Flateyjarskagi. Gray, fractured lavas (left) pass laterally into intensely fractured, faulted, and altered red-colored lavas, fault breccia, cataclasite, and gouge (right). [Color online.]](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/cjes/56/12/10.1139_cjes-2018-0260/1/s_cjes-2018-0260f7.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=P6wNC6YhU3jjb9X7jRJn6ZgM8CdMi~pI7WKSkCifzUYXabryGNdHeCNchxgSuFBjKaub12OFs3CbJ2Bob-mMHi6uli3q7F7kC8AQ6e9HjyJyvnyXBbyquTXYjXnZTWRU8nC2d3t5KmZ64NtzMF4vL4RF30~yipwbbYBmLjV0DUrsTbUvvKkryw~UY8BTeq3wIjJFd7bi~KrMtofyUgOS209YSltLCgttMoMjxvntnFTLRNhsOuDMsbWoo~eEtWqt5UAq3VWM3mB3TL65itC80Rgq4gpooMj8oxcQJ7aF1TD9GXtXVqRqTzERkJG3DNT4lCfYr9hL24C2QYCi4sgmUA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Overview of the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone (HFF). ( a ) Flateyjarskagi Penin... Available to Purchase
in Evolution of migrating transform faults in anisotropic oceanic crust: examples from Iceland
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 15 February 2019
Fig. 7. Overview of the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone (HFF). ( a ) Flateyjarskagi Peninsula is dominantly glaciated basaltic rock 10–8 Ma old (blue) and a few silicic intrusions (yellow) cut by numerous basaltic dikes (red lines) ( Horst et al. 2018 ; Young et al. 1985 ). Regional north–south
Image
Location of the fracture networks within the active volcanic systems of the... Available to Purchase
in Relations between the scaling exponents, entropies, and energies of fracture networks
> Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
Published: 01 July 2013
, the fractures in the Husavik network are located at the junction between the North Volcanic Zone, a rift zone, and the Husavik-Flatey Fault, a transform fault that connects the North Volcanic Zone with the Kolbeinsey ridge.
Image
Dense network of mineral veins (of various minerals) in the Husavik–Flatey ... Open Access
in The propagation paths of fluid-driven fractures in layered and faulted rocks
> Geological Magazine
Published: 10 October 2022
Fig. 5. Dense network of mineral veins (of various minerals) in the Husavik–Flatey Fault, a transform fault zone in North Iceland. About 80% of the veins are extension fractures. The veins are exposed here at a depth of about 1500 m below the original surface of the lava pile that the fault
Image
( a ) The reminder of motions along diverging plate boundaries (modified fr... Available to Purchase
in Shift of a rift by a transform zone: a case from the Northern Rift Zone and Tjörnes Fracture Zone of Iceland
> Petroleum Geoscience
Published: 06 April 2018
(modified from Einarsson & Sæmundsson 1987 ; Einarsson 2008 ), transform zones identified based on earthquakes (e.g. Einarsson 1976 , 1991 ; Rögnvaldsson et al. 1998 ; Jakobsdóttir 2008 ) and the centre of the hotspot. TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; SISZ, South Iceland
Journal Article
Ocean-ridge discontinuities in Iceland Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 November 1995
Journal of the Geological Society (1995) 152 (6): 1011–1015.
... on the Husavik-Flatey Fault) and in 1976 (M 6.5 on the Grimsey Fault). This paper presents the results of detailed field studies and numerical modelling of the Tjt~rnes Fracture Zone and the South Iceland seismic zone. These results are used to determine the exact nature of these discontinuities, which has been...
Image
![Seismicity along the Iceland plate boundary zones. Active rift zones are marked by fissure (and dike) swarms (yellow) and central volcanoes (black outlines) (Einarsson 2008; Einarsson and Sæmundsson 1987; Hjartardóttir et al. 2015a; Jóhannesson and Sæmundsson 1998). DL, Dalvik Lineament; ERZ, eastern rift zone; GOR, Grímsey Oblique Rift; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; KR, Kolbeinsey Ridge; NRZ, northern rift zone; RP, Reykjanes Peninsula; RR, Reykjanes Ridge; SAR, Skagi Abandoned Rift; SISZ, South Iceland seismic zone; TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; V, Vatnajökull Glacial Icecap; WRZ, western rift zone. Map and epicenters from the Icelandic Meteorological Office provided by Gunnar B. Guðmundsson. [Color online.]](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/cjes/56/12/10.1139_cjes-2018-0260/1/s_cjes-2018-0260f2.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=ndumPeyqf9WYjNK72JULbq2sAXQfc8sQX1x7hrfWBHZQJgEHW-hHPHkL5OmKNivqPxPdBj9l1dgiYlbU-WOeDSG5WLBPbWQb3yJZM1IrwbU-HW02FXEBHnY6WSGiXsWZr7NBCJ3FGhx5rmSLhZVxe6ICXy~l10BWi6SIpAL1wGcusR2lwxrQvHJoHLtctp~U3aHDZIAZ6Lu43bRec0HfvFNrH1K8gk0nK3LURE3gugpHD7U9~IT7bjwcFxDiWWbY8m6BTILkPadjaeBE7Mv9qXLuWZ91VN8aG0H1Qx5taSThnD-~LRJHp0LWZPh1dd6Fc5y50KDMCHBb3DhDf3joCw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Seismicity along the Iceland plate boundary zones. Active rift zones are ma... Available to Purchase
in Evolution of migrating transform faults in anisotropic oceanic crust: examples from Iceland
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 15 February 2019
Lineament; ERZ, eastern rift zone; GOR, Grímsey Oblique Rift; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; KR, Kolbeinsey Ridge; NRZ, northern rift zone; RP, Reykjanes Peninsula; RR, Reykjanes Ridge; SAR, Skagi Abandoned Rift; SISZ, South Iceland seismic zone; TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; V, Vatnajökull Glacial Icecap; WRZ
Image
Generalized tectonic map of Iceland and Iceland platform (light gray) showi... Available to Purchase
in Crustal accretion of thick mafic crust in Iceland: implications for volcanic rifted margins
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 03 May 2016
into thinner crust (∼20–25 km thick) outside the NVZ ( Darbyshire et al. 2000 b ). CRZ, Central Rift Zone; SVZ, Snæfellsnes Volcanic Zone; WRZ, Western Rift Zone; SISZ, S. Iceland Seismic Zone; HFF, Husavik–Flatey Fault; GFZ, Grimsey Fault Zone. [Colour online.]
Image
![Transform zones in north and south Iceland. (a) Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TFZ) with overall dextral slip is composed of three seismically active strands (Dalvik Lineament, Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone, and Grímsey Oblique Rift (GOR)) and links spreading segments of the northern rift zone (NRZ) with the Kolbeinsey Ridge (KR). The Eyjafjarðaráll Basin is a retreating segment of the KR. Volcanic centers (Mánáreyjar, Nafir, Hollinn, and Stóragrunn) and basins (e.g., Skjálfandadjúp) along the GOR are linked by seismically defined fault zones. (b) Oblique spreading on the Reykjanes Peninsula (RP) is linked to the eastern rift zone (ERZ) by the overall sinistral-slipping South Iceland seismic zone (SISZ). Very similar trends of volcanic centers and fault orientations occur along strike to the east–northeast in the Hreppar Block. North–south-trending, dextral strike-slip faults (black lines) of the SISZ overprint older oblique rifting structures. The western rift zone (WRZ) is in the process of being abandoned as the ERZ propagates to the south. Fissure swarms (yellow) related to active volcanic systems (or spreading segments) (after Hjartardóttir et al. 2015a, 2016). Inset shows locations of transform zones and regional spreading direction (bold arrows). RR, Reykjanes Ridge. [Color online.]](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/cjes/56/12/10.1139_cjes-2018-0260/1/s_cjes-2018-0260f3.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=vvA-qtlLJQZZTFdvZihoM~qUaHBlyqdxPb~dV6yp3mnajXYO1UbN9B07zv16L38twfdojHvA7ZxaMzFm5EIgHpIyCSMwRI5X8oGDLXImLtya0AB1ThV1~E883y5NBeHY1bULy6OJ4ZlkASD8-47St0A2nuQv3Ug19fDyYiF37dUxLWsiCS76FbYt-QFNJvubj~O7W2NDFV83v-4XS4j-vyXrdbiyJq9tA5On4EsiFAuOWlnYq3C0zm3E1MG0ykmEwNIKQy75qDwk-SmapXUa6QbJpE5wtcYPTV8uRHrN2QZ~-VlDHx0rtf~YmM17BL~4NZ0F8ywwxdkvg9fQcG0qFw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Transform zones in north and south Iceland. ( a ) Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TF... Available to Purchase
in Evolution of migrating transform faults in anisotropic oceanic crust: examples from Iceland
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 15 February 2019
Fig. 3. Transform zones in north and south Iceland. ( a ) Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TFZ) with overall dextral slip is composed of three seismically active strands (Dalvik Lineament, Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone, and Grímsey Oblique Rift (GOR)) and links spreading segments of the northern rift zone (NRZ
Journal Article
Shift of a rift by a transform zone: a case from the Northern Rift Zone and Tjörnes Fracture Zone of Iceland Available to Purchase
Journal: Petroleum Geoscience
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 06 April 2018
Petroleum Geoscience (2018) 24 (4): 414–424.
... (modified from Einarsson & Sæmundsson 1987 ; Einarsson 2008 ), transform zones identified based on earthquakes (e.g. Einarsson 1976 , 1991 ; Rögnvaldsson et al. 1998 ; Jakobsdóttir 2008 ) and the centre of the hotspot. TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; HFF, Húsavík-Flatey Fault; SISZ, South Iceland...
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Image
(a) Map of the Tjörnes fracture zone (TFZ) in north Iceland, with the thick... Available to Purchase
in Evidence for Holocene Earthquakes along the Húsavík‐Flatey Fault in North Iceland: Implications for the Seismic Behavior of Oceanic Transform Faults
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 28 March 2024
Figure 1. (a) Map of the Tjörnes fracture zone (TFZ) in north Iceland, with the thick red line showing the main fault traces of the Húsavík‐Flatey fault (HFF), the thin red lines secondary fault traces of the HFF, and the dashed red lines inferred faults. The TFZ connects the Northern volcanic
Journal Article
Evolution of migrating transform faults in anisotropic oceanic crust: examples from Iceland Available to Purchase
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 15 February 2019
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2019) 56 (12): 1297–1308.
...Fig. 7. Overview of the Húsavík-Flatey Fault Zone (HFF). ( a ) Flateyjarskagi Peninsula is dominantly glaciated basaltic rock 10–8 Ma old (blue) and a few silicic intrusions (yellow) cut by numerous basaltic dikes (red lines) ( Horst et al. 2018 ; Young et al. 1985 ). Regional north–south...
FIGURES
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Journal Article
Relations between the scaling exponents, entropies, and energies of fracture networks Available to Purchase
Publisher: Société Géologique de France
Published: 01 July 2013
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2013) 184 (4-5): 373–382.
..., the fractures in the Husavik network are located at the junction between the North Volcanic Zone, a rift zone, and the Husavik-Flatey Fault, a transform fault that connects the North Volcanic Zone with the Kolbeinsey ridge. ...
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Journal Article
Introduction: Anatomy of rifting: Tectonics and magmatism in continental rifts, oceanic spreading centers, and transforms Open Access
Journal: Geosphere
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 October 2015
Geosphere (2015) 11 (5): 1256–1261.
... , Locking depth and slip-rate of the Husavik Flatey fault, north Iceland, derived from continuous GPS data 2006–2010 : Geophysical Journal International , v. 187 , p. 564 – 576 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05176.x. Moschetti M.P. Ritzwoller M.H. Lin F. Yang Y. , 2010 , Seismic...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Seismicity, earthquake swarms, and plate boundaries in the Iceland region Available to Purchase
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 August 1973
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1973) 63 (4): 1327–1348.
... earthquake was exceptionally strong on the small island, Flatey, about 25 km northwest of Hfisavik, which may indicate that the active fault extends at least that far to the northwest. A small tsunami was observed in Flatey during this earthquake (Thoroddsen, 1925). SEISMICITY AND PLATE BOUNDARIES...
Journal Article
Deterministic Physics‐Based Earthquake Sequence Simulators Match Empirical Ground‐Motion Models and Enable Extrapolation to Data‐Poor Regimes: Application to Multifault Multimechanism Ruptures Available to Purchase
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 19 March 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
... Husavik‐Flatey fault zone, Northern Iceland , J. Geophys. Res. 128 , no. 6 , e2022JB025886 , doi: 10.1029/2022JB025886 . Maechling P. J. Silva F. Callaghan S. , and Jordan T. H. 2015 . SCEC Broadband Platform: System architecture and software implementation , Seismol. Res...
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Early Publication
Journal Article
Earthquake Fault Rupture Modeling and Ground‐Motion Simulations for the Southwest Iceland Transform Zone Using CyberShake Available to Purchase
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 10 December 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025) 115 (1): 69–85.
..., fault interaction and ground motion simulations for the segmented Húsavík‐Flatey Fault Zone, Northern Iceland , J. Geophys. Res. 128 , no. 6 , e2022JB025886 , doi: 10.1029/2022JB025886 . Maechling P. Deelman E. Zhao L. Graves R. Mehta G. Gupta N. Mehringer J...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Equivalent Near‐Field Corner Frequency Analysis of 3D Dynamic Rupture Simulations Reveals Dynamic Source Effects Available to Purchase
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 07 December 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2024) 95 (2A): 900–924.
... , 014,003. Kutschera F. Gabriel A.‐A. Wirp S. A. Li B. Ulrich T. Abril C. , and Halldórsson B. 2023 . Linked and fully‐coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík‐Flatey fault zone in North Iceland , EGUsphere, doi: 10.5194/egusphere-2023...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Fabric development in the mantle section of a paleotransform fault and its effect on ophiolite obduction, New Caledonia Open Access
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 01 June 2011
Lithosphere (2011) 3 (3): 221–244.
... in the Husavik-Flatey fault, a modern transform fault system in Iceland ( Garcia et al., 2002 ). Therefore, 30°–35° is our best estimate of the shear zone boundaries. The second revision involves the spreading direction versus ridge segment orientation responsible for fabric development in the Massif du Sud...
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Journal Article
Crustal accretion of thick mafic crust in Iceland: implications for volcanic rifted margins Available to Purchase
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 03 May 2016
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2016) 53 (11): 1205–1215.
... into thinner crust (∼20–25 km thick) outside the NVZ ( Darbyshire et al. 2000 b ). CRZ, Central Rift Zone; SVZ, Snæfellsnes Volcanic Zone; WRZ, Western Rift Zone; SISZ, S. Iceland Seismic Zone; HFF, Husavik–Flatey Fault; GFZ, Grimsey Fault Zone. [Colour online.] ...
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