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Journal Article

Earth’s Upper Crust Seismically Excited by Infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Eruption, Tonga

Robert E. Anthony, Adam T. Ringler, Toshiro Tanimoto, Robin S. Matoza, Silvio De Angelis, David C. Wilson
Published: 07 December 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (2A): 603–616.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220252
... Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (also called “Hunga”) volcano in Tonga generated rare, globally observed, high‐amplitude infrasound signals with acoustic wavelengths of tens of kilometers. In this study, we examine the acoustic‐to‐seismic coupling generated by the Hunga eruption across 82 Global Seismographic...
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An Antipodal Seismic and (Infra)acoustic View from Central Europe on the 15 January 2022 Hunga–Tonga–Hunga–Ha’apai Eruption

Toni Kraft, On Ki Angel Ling, Tania Toledo, Bettina Scheu, Simon C. Stähler, John Clinton, Stefan Stange
Published: 22 February 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (3): 1318–1333.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220254
...Toni Kraft; On Ki Angel Ling; Tania Toledo; Bettina Scheu; Simon C. Stähler; John Clinton; Stefan Stange Abstract We present seismic and (infra)acoustic observations of the 15 January 2022 Hunga–Tonga–Hunga–Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption from Switzerland and central Europe at epicentral distances around...
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Introduction to the SRL Focus Section on the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha’apai Eruption

Margaret Hellweg, Stephen Arrowsmith, Hugo Delgado, James Gridley, Ronan Joseph Le Bras, Daniel McNamara, Steven Sherburn
Published: 25 January 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (2A): 564–566.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230001
... often have two faces. For the people in their environment, they can be disasters, sometimes with truly terrible effects. For scientists, often geophysicists who observe the interactions on the planet, they may bring exciting new measurements and insights. The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption...
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High‐Precision Characterization of Seismicity from the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Jonas A. Kintner, William L. Yeck, Paul S. Earle, Stephanie Prejean, Jeremy D. Pesicek
Published: 18 November 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (2A): 589–602.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220250
...Jonas A. Kintner; William L. Yeck; Paul S. Earle; Stephanie Prejean; Jeremy D. Pesicek Abstract The earthquake swarm accompanying the January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption includes a large number of posteruptive moderate‐magnitude seismic events and presents a unique...
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The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Eruption of 15 January 2022: Observations on the International Monitoring System (IMS) Hydroacoustic Stations and Synergy with Seismic and Infrasound Sensors

Ronan J. Le Bras, Mario Zampolli, Dirk Metz, Georgios Haralabus, Paulina Bittner, Marcela Villarroel, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Gerhard Graham, Nurcan Meral Özel
Published: 20 October 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (2A): 578–588.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220240
... Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano shows that the in‐water hydroacoustic sensors recorded a long‐duration (40 min) activity starting before and ending after the paroxysmal HTHH eruption at about 4:15 UTC. The main eruption at 4:15 UTC simultaneously generated low‐frequency [0.001–0.05] Hz seismic body...
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Overview of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami

Sunanda. Manneela, Srinivasa Kumar
Published: 01 March 2022
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2022) 98 (3): 299–304.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-1980-7
... Zealand, the neighbouring countries of the Kingdom of Tonga include Samoa to the north, the Cook Islands to the east and Fiji to the west. The country’s total surface area is about 750 km 2 and is divided into three main groups, namely Vava’u, Ha’apai, and Tongatapu. The Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcano...
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Remote Seismoacoustic Constraints on the January 2022 VEI 4 Eruption in Tonga

Min‐Hung Shih, Ya‐Chuan Lai, Cheng‐Horng Lin
Published: 14 December 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (2A): 617–625.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220233
...Min‐Hung Shih; Ya‐Chuan Lai; Cheng‐Horng Lin Abstract The major eruption that occurred on 15 January 2022 on Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) in Tonga generated powerful acoustic waves that propagated through the atmosphere all over the world. Although the eruption energy was soon estimated from...
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Ocean‐Wave Gradiometry: Visualizing and Extracting Propagation Features of the 15 January 2022 Tsunami Wavefield with Dense Ocean‐Bottom Pressure Gauge Arrays

Masashi Ogiso, Hiroaki Tsushima
Published: 23 December 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (2A): 626–636.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220151
..., the day of the massive eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano in the Tonga Islands. At the same time, sea‐surface height disturbances and atmospheric pressure disturbances were recorded by tide gauges around the Pacific Ocean and barometers around the world. Because the atmospheric disturbances may...
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In situ granulation by thermal stress during subaqueous volcanic eruptions

Mathieu Colombier, Bettina Scheu, Ulrich Kueppers, Shane J. Cronin, Sebastian B. Mueller, Kai-Uwe Hess, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Manuela Tost, Katherine J. Dobson, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Donald B. Dingwell
Journal: Geology
Published: 08 January 2019
Geology (2019) 47 (2): 179–182.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G45503.1
... or accretions. To investigate both mechanisms, we analyzed ash-encased lapilli from the Surtseyan eruptions of Capelinhos (Azores, 1957–1958) and Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (Tonga, 2014–2015) using X-ray computed microtomography and electron microscopy. We discovered pyroclasts that were not coated, sensu...
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Multi‐Event Explosive Seismic Source for the 2022 M w 6.3 Hunga Tonga Submarine Volcanic Eruption

Julien Thurin, Carl Tape, Ryan Modrak
Published: 24 October 2022
The Seismic Record (2022) 2 (4): 217–226.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0320220027
...Julien Thurin; Carl Tape; Ryan Modrak Abstract The eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai submarine volcano on 15 January 2022 produced a variety of geophysical responses, including a significant seismic signal. We study the seismic source process of this event by inverting for moment tensors...
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Stacked vertical‐component displacement waveforms from the <span class="search-highlight">Tonga</span> earthquake...

Stacked vertical‐component displacement waveforms from the Tonga earthquake...

Published: 18 November 2022
Figure 3. Stacked vertical‐component displacement waveforms from the Tonga earthquake swarm observed at the five closest stations from the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption. The displacement seismograms are computed using a frequency‐domain instrument‐response deconvolution; we remove
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Images obtained by the SENTINEL-2 satellite on December 18, 2021 (top) and ...

Images obtained by the SENTINEL-2 satellite on December 18, 2021 (top) and ...

Published: 01 March 2022
Fig.4. Images obtained by the SENTINEL-2 satellite on December 18, 2021 (top) and January 17, 2022 (bottom) of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai. The volcanic cone no longer exists, it was destroyed on January 13. The great explosion of January 15 destroyed much of the two islands. (source: Twitter
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Comparison between (a) vertical seismograms at six seismic stations (open t...

Comparison between (a) vertical seismograms at six seismic stations (open t...

Published: 14 December 2022
Figure 2. Comparison between (a) vertical seismograms at six seismic stations (open triangles in Fig.  1a ) and (c) infrasonic signals at five stations (open squares in Fig.  1a ) generated by the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption; (b) the peak wavenumber of ∼0.039 cycle/km recorded
Journal Article

Comment on “Multievent Explosive Seismic Source for the 2022 M w 6.3 Hunga Tonga Submarine Volcanic Eruption” by Julien Thurin, Carl Tape, and Ryan Modrak

Fred F. Pollitz, Ricardo Garza‐Giron, Thorne Lay
Published: 10 August 2023
The Seismic Record (2023) 3 (3): 210–214.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0320230003
... of atmospheric oscillations by volcanic eruptions , J. Geophys. Res. 99 , 21,947 – 21,961 . Kintner J. A. Yeck W. L. Earle P. S. Prejean S. , and Pesicek J. D. 2022 . High‐precision characterization of seismicity from the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption...
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Overview of seismic and infraacoustic signals of the <span class="search-highlight">Hunga</span>–<span class="search-highlight">Tonga</span>–<span class="search-highlight">Hunga</span>–Ha’a...

Overview of seismic and infraacoustic signals of the Hunga–Tonga–Hunga–Ha’a...

Published: 22 February 2023
Figure 2. Overview of seismic and infraacoustic signals of the Hunga–Tonga–Hunga–Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption in the Swiss seismological network. (a) Broadband seismogram at Swiss station CH.HASLI in the Bernese Alps. (b) Microbarogram at station 9S.MONTI in the Valaisian Alps. (c,d)  f‐k analysis
Journal Article

Reply to “Comment on ‘Multievent Explosive Seismic Source for the 2022 M w 6.3 Hunga Tonga Submarine Volcanic Eruption’ by Julien Thurin, Carl Tape, and Ryan Modrak” by Fred F. Pollitz, Ricardo Garza‐Giron, and Thorne Lay

Julien Thurin, Carl Tape, Ryan Modrak
Published: 10 August 2023
The Seismic Record (2023) 3 (3): 215–217.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0320230016
... , their figs. S12, S13) that were impacted. Pollitz et al. (2023) reiterates and reinforces the results of Garza‐Girón et al. (2023) , who demonstrated the viability of a downward force source to model the seismic waveforms of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption. Invoking the two‐part...
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(a) Map of source‐station geometry in this study centered on the <span class="search-highlight">Hunga</span> Tong...

(a) Map of source‐station geometry in this study centered on the Hunga Tong...

Published: 24 October 2022
Figure 1. (a) Map of source‐station geometry in this study centered on the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) Volcano. The yellow rectangles delimit (b) the tectonic setting for the HTHH Volcano (yellow star), featuring the comparison earthquakes in this study (circled in red). The focal mechanisms
Journal Article

SSA News and Notes

Published: 03 August 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2022) 93 (5): 2927–2928.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220218
... hazards, such as the explosion of the volcano Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha’apai,” said SSA President Peggy Hellweg. The International Monitoring System (IMS) negotiated under the CTBT consists of seismic, hydroacoustic, radionuclide, and infrasound networks. As of 2021, 326 of 377 IMS facilities were complete...
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Traces at hydrophones of the H11S triplet, the H03S triplet, and vertical b...

Traces at hydrophones of the H11S triplet, the H03S triplet, and vertical b...

Published: 20 October 2022
Figure 4. Traces at hydrophones of the H11S triplet, the H03S triplet, and vertical broadband component of nine seismic and two T ‐phase stations at distances from the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano intermediate between these two hydrophone triplets. The seismic and T ‐phase traces
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Multibeam bathymetry compilation and regional tectonic map of the Lau Basin...

Multibeam bathymetry compilation and regional tectonic map of the Lau Basin...

Published: 11 February 2022
( Conder and Wiens, 2011 ); FD—Fonualei discontinuity; HT-HH—Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai; ILSC—Intermediate Lau Spreading Center; LETZ—Lau extensional transform zone; NL—Niuataputopu lineament; PR—Peggy Ridge.