Figure 5 ( 1–15 ) Howchinella hubeiensis n. sp.: ( 1–5 ) XK238_10SEM_021 (megalospheric test; ( 1 ) axial view with reflected light; ( 2 ) holotype, SEM, axial view; ( 3–5 ) transverse, axial and lateral slices of Micro-CT reconstruction); ( 6

Figure 6 ( 1–7, 17 ) Howchinella hubeiensis : ( 1–3 ) XK238_10TS_128 (microspheric test; 1 , axial view with reflected light; 2 , paratype, frontal axial section; 3 , enlargement of 2 to show septal thickenings and internal apertural tube); ( 4, 5

Figure 7 ( 1–14 ) Howchinella xiangxiensis n. sp.: ( 1 ) XK235_10SEM_062 (paratype, megalospheric test; SEM, axial view); ( 2 ) XK235_10SEM_060 (megalospheric test; SEM, axial view, last chamber lost); ( 3 ) XK239_10TS_110 (paratype

PLATE 8 1–4 - Howchinella costulata Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 1 CRNGE no. 136/13159, transverse section, ×80, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 20, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 2 CRNGE no. 137/13159, longitudinal section of the young specimen, ×80, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 20, bed 4

PLATE 2 1–4 - Nodosaria pseudomolonica Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 1 CRNGE no. 40/13159, holotype, axial section, ×80, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 3, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 2 CRNGE no. 41/13159, transverse section, ×80, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 3, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 3

PLATE 4 1–3 - Rectoglandulina nucacea Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 1 CRNGE no. 97/13159, holotype, axial section, ×40, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 20, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone 2 CRNGE no. 98/13159, transverse section, ×40, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 20, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 3

PLATE 6 1–2 - Rectoglandulina dolioliformis Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 1 CRNGE no. 112/13159, longitudinal section, ×40, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 11, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 2 CRNGE no. 113/13159, holotype, axial section, ×40, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 11, bed 4, Howchinella maxima

Zone. 3–5 - Howchinella elongata Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 3 CRNGE no. 116/13159, holotype, axial section, ×80, Munugudzhak River, loc. 19, bed 1, Howchinella elongata Zone. 4 CRNGE no. 117/13159, transverse section, ×80, Munugudzhak River, loc. 19, bed 1, Howchinella elongata Zone. 5

PLATE 5 1–4 - Rectoglandulina oviformis Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 1 CRNGE no. 103/13159, transverse section, ×40, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 20, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 2 CRNGE no. 104/13159, holotype, axial section, ×40, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 20, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone

PLATE 3 1–2 - Nodosaria insueta Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 1 CRNGE no. 66/13159, holotype, axial section, ×80, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 3, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 2 CRNGE no. 67/13159, transverse section, ×80, Vodopadnyy Creek, loc. 3, bed 4, Howchinella maxima Zone. 3–5

. 3 CRNGE no. 3/13159, longitudinal section, ×80, Levaya Burgali River, loc. 50, bed 5, Howchinella composita Zone. 4–6 - Protonodosaria pseudopraecursor Karavaeva and Nestell, n. sp. 4 CRNGE no. 4/13159, holotype, axial section, ×80, Dzhugadzhak River, loc. 57, bed 5, Howchinella elongata

) with overlapping ellipses that correspond to logical inconsistencies in the classification, in this case paraphyletic taxa. Abbreviations as follows: Sz = Syzrania spp.; Tz = Tezaquina ; Am = Amphoratheca ; Vv = Vervilleina ; No = Nodosinelloides ; Gz = Geinitzina ; Hw = Howchinella ; Pr

Geinitzina ichnousa Sellier de Civrieux and Dessau-vagie. 9, X0302-56/DP-2; 10, X0302-57/DP-3. 11 Geinitzinita kongdongshanensis (Zhang and Hong). X0302-55/DP-2. 12 Howchinella ? sp.B. X0302-58/DP-2. 13 Howchinella ? sp.A. X0302-59/DP-5, note the apertural thickening (arrow).

( 15 , frontal axial section; 16 , hand drawing from 15 ); ( 17 ) XK237_10TS_062 (frontal axial section). ( 14, 18–33 ) Howchinella inflata n. sp.: ( 14 ) XK238_10SEM_110 (SEM, axial view); ( 18–20 ) XK238_10TS_089 ( 18 , transverse section of adult

, Parareichelina sp.: 11 , DJ-00540; 12 , DJ-00640. 14–18 , Colaniella parva ( Colani, 1924 ): 14 , DJ-01480; 15–16 , DJ-01560; 17 , DJ-01400; 18 , DJ-01380. 19–21 , Colaniella cylindrical Miklukho-Maklay, 1954 : 19 , DJ-01580; 20 , DJ-01380; 21 , DJ-00960. 22 , Howchinella costulata Karavaeva

. and n. sp. 8a, X0302-40/DP-5, axial view; 8b, enlargement of 8a, showing the radial groove structure of the aperture. 9 Howchinella ? sp. A. X0302-41/DP-4, axial view. 10,11 Neoendothyra ? reicheli Reitlinger. 10, X0302-42/DP-4; 11, X0302-43/DP-4, axial views.. 12 Geinitzina ? sp. X0302-44/DP-5

4 KUMIP 2,506,846, close to axial section, ×90, Amoco #1 core, depth: 108ft; 5 KUMIP 2,506,845, lateral section, ×90, Amoco #1 core, depth: 192ft. 6 – Howchinella sp. 1, KUMIP 2,506,856, close to axial section, ×90, Amoco #2 core, depth 429.15–429.3ft. 7–8 – Ichthyolaria sp. 2 7 KUMIP

, Nodosinelloides ronda ( Lipina, 1949 ), transverse section from upper Sakmarian Hambergfjellet Formation, Barents Sea, ×100 (SUI 89920b); 22, 25, Howchinella woodwardi ( Howchin, 1895 ), topotype, longitudinal frontal section from Sakmarian Holmwood shale horizon of Fossil Cliff Member, Western Australia