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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Hokkaido-Komagatake
Location of Hokkaido-Komagatake, Asama, and Sakurajima volcanoes in Japan.
The H 2 O content of andesitic magmas from three volcanoes in Japan, inferred from the infrared analysis of clinopyroxene
Figure 1. Phenocryst content vs. melt viscosity diagram. Contours represent...
Precursory dike propagation control of viscous magma eruptions
Representative stratigraphic sections for the deposits of Esan volcanic com...
Eruption history, conduit migration, and steady discharge of magma for the past 50,000 yr at Esan volcanic complex, northern Japan
Landward fining in onshore gravel as evidence for a late Pleistocene tsunami on Molokai, Hawaii
Dynamic Triggering of Earthquakes in Northeast Japan before and after the 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Tectonics, structure, and resurgence of the largest Quaternary caldera in Japan: Kutcharo, Hokkaido
Reply to Hemendra Acharya's “comment on tsunami hazard probability in Japan”
A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa
Physiographical and sedimentological characteristics of submarine canyons developed upon an active forearc slope: The Kushiro Submarine Canyon, northern Japan
Abstract Historical documents indicate that the AD 1611 Keicho earthquake tsunami struck the Pacific coast of Tohoku, northern Japan. Meanwhile, geological records suggest that a large earthquake occurred along the Kuril Trench in the same century. Although historians and geologists have investigated the events intensively, understanding of those events remains insufficient because of limited evidence. As described herein, we suggest future research directions for the huge seventeenth-century tsunamis based on a comprehensive review of earlier works and simulation of the directivity of tsunamis. Our results suggest the possibility that one extremely large or two or three closely spaced large earthquakes and tsunamis occurred in a short time interval along the Kuril and Japan trenches. If this is the case, we must devote attention to the risk of a future occurrence of a Kuril Trench event because the situation after the AD 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami might be similar to the seventeenth-century events. The key research directions to clarify the seventeenth-century events are a careful review of historical documents during several decades after the AD 1611 earthquake and accurate constraint of the event age of tsunami deposits.
Evidence of giant earthquakes and tsunamis of the seventeenth-century type along the southern Kuril subduction zone, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan: a review
Abstract Large earthquakes of magnitude 7–8 occur at intervals of about 70–100 years in the southern Kuril Trench off eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. However, especially large giant earthquakes (M w c. 8.8) have recurred at 300–500 year intervals, and the most recent of these was in the early seventeenth century. Surveys on the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido have documented field evidence that includes sharp contacts of peat and mud layers, indicative of coseismic coastal uplift, and large tsunami sand layers. Several proposed fault models of the seventeenth-century giant earthquake have been tested with numerical tsunami simulations. The best of these models incorporates a multi-segment interplate earthquake (M w 8.8) with large slip near the trench axis. The seventeenth-century giant earthquake and the 1611 Keicho Sanriku tsunami appear to have had different sources because varve counts from Lake Harutori suggest that the seventeenth-century giant earthquake occurred at c. 1637. Moreover, a consideration of regional tectonics suggests that convergence of the Kuril forearc sliver controls the current topography of eastern Hokkaido. Further progress in understanding the seismicity of this region will benefit from the combined insights of both geologists and seismologists.
Magmatic processes associated with caldera collapse at Ossipee ring dyke, New Hampshire
Reaction rim growth on olivine in silicic melts: Implications for magma mixing
Tilt measurements on volcanoes: more than a hundred years of recordings
Abstract Post-Palaeogene volcanism in Japan is closely related to the evolution of the Japanese island-arc system that was initiated with the Japan Sea opening (JSO) in Early–Middle Miocene times, and is reflected in the distribution of volcanoes and geochemical variations of volcanic rocks presently observed. In the NE Japan Arc at the beginning of the JSO, the volcanic field migrated towards the oceanic side and the isotopic composition of magma temporally changed in the back-arc side of the system. This was likely caused by injection of hot asthenosphere into the mantle wedge and damming of the subducting slab. During the JSO, rift volcanism in the back-arc region was characterized by numerous grabens that filled with voluminous volcanic rocks derived from bimodal low-K tholeiitic basalt and silicic magmas. In the SW Japan Arc, a period of Middle Miocene forearc volcanism at 147–12 Ma was fed by high-magnesium andesite and caldera-forming silicic magma, and is interpreted as a result of subduction initiation associated with the oceanwards migration of the SW Japan Arc and under-thrusting of the hot Shikoku Basin.
Abstract The Japanese islands comprise 59%% mountains, 6% volcanoes and 35% hills and (mostly coastal) lowlands (Yonekura 2001). Quaternary strata excluding volcanoes occupy around 25% of the geological map of Japan, and constitute hills and lowland plains. Holocene strata are distributed mainly in the lowlands and occupy 13-15% of Japan (Murata Kano 1995; D. Kawabata 2013, pers. comm.). These extensive lowlands comprise four depositional environments, namely delta, fan delta, strand plain and barrier/estuary systems, all of which have been impacted by Holocene sea-level changes. Most of Holocene Japanese coastal plains record a hydro-isostatically controlled relatively stable to falling sea level over the last 6-7ka (Ota et al. 1981, 1987 a , 1990; Nakada et al. 1991; Okuno et al. 2014). This hydro-isostatic effect varies spatially, being more strongly developed in the central rather than marginal parts of the islands (Yokoyama et al. 1996; Nakada et al. 1998; Nakada Okuno 2011; Okuno et al. 2014). Local tectonics have also strongly impacted relative sea levels since middle Holocene times, ranging from +30 m in the southern tip of the uplifting Boso Peninsula, SE of Tokyo, to-20 m in the subsiding Echigo Plain (Ota et al. 1987 a, b ; Shishikura 2001; Urabe et al. 2004; Tanabe et al. 2009).