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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Central Africa
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Egypt
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Rif
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South Africa
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Free State South Africa
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Central Asia
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Magadan Russian Federation (2)
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Tuva Russian Federation
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cobalt ores (4)
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copper ores (93)
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gold ores (80)
-
IOCG deposits (8)
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iron ores (20)
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lead ores (20)
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lead-zinc deposits (11)
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lithium ores (2)
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manganese ores (3)
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mercury ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (30)
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nickel ores (24)
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niobium ores (8)
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palladium ores (2)
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platinum ores (14)
-
polymetallic ores (14)
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pyrite ores (1)
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rare earth deposits
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cerium ores (1)
-
-
silver ores (16)
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strontium ores (1)
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tantalum ores (6)
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tellurium ores (1)
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thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (19)
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titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (12)
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uranium ores (6)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (25)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (155)
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mineral exploration (41)
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mineral resources (1)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
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oil and gas fields (3)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (2)
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shale oil (1)
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phosphate deposits (3)
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placers
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beach placers (1)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
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B-11/B-10 (4)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (29)
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C-14 (1)
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organic carbon (5)
-
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chemical elements (4)
-
chemical ratios (14)
-
halogens
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chlorine
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chloride ion (1)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
fluorine (2)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (6)
-
-
incompatible elements (8)
-
isotope ratios (708)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
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C-14 (1)
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Cl-36 (1)
-
Hf-182 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (67)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (55)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (47)
-
Pu-239 (1)
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Pu-244 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
C-13/C-12 (29)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
D/H (6)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (7)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (407)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-142 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (265)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (148)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (67)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (55)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (16)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (47)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (27)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (277)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (21)
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Lu/Hf (237)
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metals
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actinides
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americium (1)
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curium (1)
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neptunium (1)
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plutonium
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Pu-239 (1)
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Pu-244 (1)
-
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thorium (9)
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (2)
-
-
-
alkali metals
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cesium (2)
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
-
potassium (11)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
sodium (5)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (10)
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beryllium (3)
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium (1)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (277)
-
-
-
aluminum (3)
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antimony (1)
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arsenic (4)
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bismuth (1)
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chromium (7)
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copper (2)
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gallium (2)
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germanium (1)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (407)
-
Hf-182 (2)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (7)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (4)
-
ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (67)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (55)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (16)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (47)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (4)
-
mercury (3)
-
molybdenum (6)
-
nickel (4)
-
niobium (13)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
-
palladium (1)
-
palladium ores (2)
-
platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (14)
-
-
precious metals (1)
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rare earths
-
cerium (12)
-
europium (13)
-
lanthanum (9)
-
lutetium (47)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-142 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (265)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
-
ytterbium (10)
-
yttrium (17)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
-
silver (3)
-
tantalum (9)
-
thallium (1)
-
titanium (14)
-
tungsten (1)
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
zirconium (5)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
xenon (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (148)
-
-
phosphorus (5)
-
selenium (1)
-
silicon (3)
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (27)
-
-
tellurium (1)
-
trace metals (4)
-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (2)
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-
-
-
-
-
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cyanobacteria (2)
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eukaryotes (2)
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Graptolithina (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (1)
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Agnostida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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Radiolaria (3)
-
-
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microfossils
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Conodonta (1)
-
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (4)
-
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta (1)
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nannofossils (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta (2)
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae (1)
-
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (11)
-
Ar/Ar (73)
-
exposure age (1)
-
fission-track dating (17)
-
Hf/W (1)
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K/Ar (11)
-
Lu/Hf (237)
-
Nd/Nd (12)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (12)
-
Pb/Pb (25)
-
Pb/Th (1)
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radiation damage (4)
-
Rb/Sr (20)
-
Re/Os (21)
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Sm/Nd (49)
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Sr/Sr (9)
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Th/U (15)
-
thermochronology (18)
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thermoluminescence (2)
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U/Pb (870)
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U/Th/Pb (25)
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uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
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geologic age
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Anthropocene (1)
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Cenozoic
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lower Cenozoic (1)
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middle Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Gelasian (1)
-
-
upper Pleistocene (2)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Siwalik System (2)
-
Tertiary
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
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Challis Volcanics (2)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
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Miocene
-
lower Miocene (8)
-
middle Miocene (5)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
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Sarmatian (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Chinji Formation (1)
-
Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
Tortonian (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene (3)
-
upper Eocene (7)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Wilcox Group (2)
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (8)
-
-
Dalradian (5)
-
Mesozoic
-
Antalya Complex (1)
-
Bela Ophiolites (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian (5)
-
Aptian (5)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Hauterivian (2)
-
Isachsen Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous
-
Winton Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian (3)
-
Gulfian
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Senonian (2)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (4)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bonanza Group (1)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (2)
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Ladner Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Laberge Group (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Jeanne d'Arc Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (5)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
Muschelkalk (1)
-
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (2)
-
Karmutsen Group (1)
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
Yanshanian (4)
-
-
Moldanubian (4)
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (2)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Semri Series (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (3)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Chilliwack Group (1)
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Johns Valley Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
Stanley Group (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Caseyville Formation (1)
-
Haymond Formation (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (4)
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (50)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Buchans Group (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Floian (1)
-
Manx Group (1)
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
Tremadocian (2)
-
-
Majiagou Formation (1)
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (3)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian (2)
-
Longtan Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian (16)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (2)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Shihezi Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (2)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (5)
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (21)
-
Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (12)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Eoarchean (8)
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
-
Gilman Formation (2)
-
Mesoarchean (17)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Opemisca Group (1)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
Roy Group (1)
-
Taihua Group (1)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
Yellowknife Group (2)
-
-
Central Rand Group (2)
-
Changcheng System (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (2)
-
Hadean (20)
-
Johnnie Formation (3)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (4)
-
Pongola Supergroup (2)
-
Prichard Formation (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (1)
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Banxi Group (4)
-
Coldbrook Group (1)
-
Dedham Granodiorite (2)
-
Espinhaco Supergroup (1)
-
Huronian
-
Onaping Formation (1)
-
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Kunyang Group (1)
-
McNamara Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (2)
-
Calymmian (1)
-
Ectasian (1)
-
Laxfordian (2)
-
Revett Quartzite (1)
-
Roper Group (2)
-
Shuangqiaoshan Group (1)
-
Stenian (4)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (11)
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (20)
-
Hadrynian
-
Fourchu Group (1)
-
-
Macaubas Group (1)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Moine Supergroup (2)
-
Moinian (1)
-
Nantuo Formation (4)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (1)
-
-
Tonian (15)
-
Torridonian (1)
-
Vendian (2)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (2)
-
Dhanjori Group (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (1)
-
Siderian (1)
-
Statherian (2)
-
Svecofennian (3)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Pretoria Group (3)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (4)
-
Xiong'er Group (2)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (3)
-
Waterberg System (2)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
Saxothuringian (2)
-
Vindhyan (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (3)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (20)
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feldspathoid rocks (2)
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granophyre (2)
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hypabyssal rocks (3)
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kimberlite (10)
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phoscorites (1)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (11)
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appinite (5)
-
diabase (22)
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (3)
-
plagiogranite (10)
-
quartz diorites (16)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (2)
-
-
trondhjemite (14)
-
-
essexite (2)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (2)
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (9)
-
troctolite (3)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (1)
-
alkali granites (4)
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (40)
-
biotite granite (5)
-
charnockite (10)
-
felsite (1)
-
granite porphyry (13)
-
I-type granites (41)
-
leucogranite (19)
-
microgranite (3)
-
monzogranite (41)
-
muscovite granite (1)
-
rapakivi (3)
-
S-type granites (19)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (2)
-
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (2)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (13)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (23)
-
quartz monzonite (12)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (3)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (2)
-
foyaite (1)
-
miaskite (2)
-
-
quartz syenite (7)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (2)
-
hornblendite (2)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (5)
-
garnet peridotite (1)
-
harzburgite (9)
-
lherzolite (5)
-
spinel lherzolite (4)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
garnet pyroxenite (2)
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (20)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (28)
-
andesites
-
boninite (5)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (2)
-
mugearite (1)
-
spilite (1)
-
trachybasalts (4)
-
-
flood basalts (12)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (38)
-
ocean-island basalts (23)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
shoshonite (7)
-
tholeiite (13)
-
tholeiitic basalt (3)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (4)
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (22)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
keratophyre
-
albitophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (9)
-
latite (2)
-
nephelinite
-
olivine nephelinite (2)
-
-
phonolites (4)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (1)
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (8)
-
pumice (2)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (16)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (9)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
tephrite (2)
-
trachyandesites (15)
-
trachytes (10)
-
-
-
ophiolite (45)
-
volcanic ash (2)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (39)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (37)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (6)
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (3)
-
granite gneiss (9)
-
orthogneiss (21)
-
paragneiss (13)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
gondite (1)
-
granulites
-
leptite (1)
-
-
impactites (2)
-
itabirite (1)
-
jadeitite (3)
-
marbles
-
calciphyre (1)
-
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (10)
-
metabasite (6)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (10)
-
metagranite (5)
-
metakomatiite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (9)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (2)
-
metaconglomerate (1)
-
metagraywacke (3)
-
metapelite (15)
-
metasandstone (5)
-
paragneiss (13)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
-
greisen (3)
-
serpentinite (9)
-
skarn (11)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (28)
-
migmatites (30)
-
mylonites
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
phyllites (5)
-
quartzites (11)
-
schists
-
blueschist (6)
-
greenschist (2)
-
greenstone (7)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (45)
-
turbidite (9)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
lunar meteorites (4)
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite (1)
-
nakhlite (1)
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (2)
-
arsenates (1)
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
arsenites (1)
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
aragonite (2)
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
calcite (7)
-
dolomite (7)
-
magnesite (2)
-
meionite (1)
-
parisite (2)
-
siderite (1)
-
strontianite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
copper minerals (2)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
fluorite (3)
-
humite (1)
-
parisite (2)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
minerals (3)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (3)
-
-
graphite (4)
-
lonsdaleite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (1)
-
anatase (1)
-
baddeleyite (7)
-
cassiterite (9)
-
chrome spinel (4)
-
chromite (3)
-
goethite (2)
-
hematite (3)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (7)
-
iron oxides (17)
-
limonite (1)
-
magnetite (15)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
niobates
-
columbite (4)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
pyrochlore (2)
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
periclase (1)
-
perovskite (3)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
pyrophanite (1)
-
rutile (14)
-
sapphire (1)
-
spinel (6)
-
spinel group (1)
-
tantalates
-
tantalite (3)
-
-
titanomagnetite (3)
-
uraninite (1)
-
wustite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (49)
-
crandallite (1)
-
fluorapatite (7)
-
hinsdalite (1)
-
monazite (47)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
xenotime (7)
-
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates
-
maskelynite (1)
-
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
edenite (1)
-
glaucophane (1)
-
grunerite (1)
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (12)
-
pargasite (1)
-
richterite (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
diopside (4)
-
hedenbergite (2)
-
jadeite (1)
-
omphacite (4)
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (8)
-
-
rhodonite group
-
rhodonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
K-feldspar (4)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (3)
-
-
scapolite group
-
meionite (1)
-
scapolite (2)
-
-
silica minerals
-
chalcedony (3)
-
coesite (4)
-
moganite (1)
-
quartz (20)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
mordenite (1)
-
pollucite (1)
-
-
-
garnierite (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
braunite (1)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (2)
-
andradite (2)
-
grossular (3)
-
pyrope (2)
-
spessartine (1)
-
-
humite (1)
-
kyanite (6)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (2)
-
forsterite (3)
-
olivine (25)
-
ringwoodite (1)
-
wadsleyite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
staurolite (3)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (14)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (792)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (1)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
perrierite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (7)
-
epidote (4)
-
zoisite (1)
-
-
lawsonite (3)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (3)
-
cordierite (2)
-
emerald (2)
-
milarite group
-
osumilite (1)
-
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (2)
-
elbaite (1)
-
schorl (2)
-
uvite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (4)
-
-
clay minerals
-
dickite (1)
-
halloysite (1)
-
kaolinite (7)
-
montmorillonite (2)
-
nontronite (1)
-
smectite (5)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (3)
-
mica group
-
annite (2)
-
biotite (21)
-
muscovite (15)
-
paragonite (1)
-
phengite (6)
-
phlogopite (5)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
pyrophyllite (1)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
sericite (2)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (4)
-
anhydrite (2)
-
barite (3)
-
gypsum (1)
-
hinsdalite (1)
-
jarosite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (2)
-
chalcopyrite (12)
-
copper sulfides (3)
-
galena (1)
-
molybdenite (11)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
pyrite (14)
-
sphalerite (4)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (3)
-
wolframite (4)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
vanadates
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (904)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Blue Nile (1)
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (5)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (2)
-
Kenya
-
East Turkana Basin (1)
-
-
Malawi (1)
-
Mozambique (4)
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Turkana Basin (2)
-
Uganda (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Limpopo Basin (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (3)
-
Madagascar (9)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
Nile River (2)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (3)
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (5)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (12)
-
Botswana (4)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (25)
-
Kalahari Craton (5)
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
Namaqualand (4)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (9)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
Gauteng South Africa
-
Johannesburg South Africa (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (5)
-
Limpopo South Africa (3)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
Barberton South Africa (4)
-
-
Murchison greenstone belt (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Swaziland (6)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Mali (1)
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
Zambezi Valley (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (4)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula (4)
-
Coats Land (1)
-
East Antarctica (4)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (2)
-
-
Marie Byrd Land (2)
-
Queen Maud Land
-
Sor-Rondane Mountains (1)
-
-
Ross Island (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
Horlick Mountains
-
Ohio Range (1)
-
-
Pensacola Mountains (1)
-
Shackleton Range (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys
-
Wright Valley (1)
-
-
Mount Melbourne (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (3)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Amerasia Basin (2)
-
Laptev Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
More Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (4)
-
Isua Belt (2)
-
Milne Land (1)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
Peary Land (1)
-
Scoresby Sund (1)
-
South Greenland (2)
-
West Greenland (7)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
New Siberian Islands (1)
-
Wrangel Island (2)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (2)
-
Amur region (2)
-
Anadyr Basin (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (5)
-
Oman (5)
-
Saudi Arabia (2)
-
Yemen (1)
-
-
Baikal Mountains (1)
-
Baikal region (9)
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Brahmaputra River (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (8)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (4)
-
-
-
Pamirs (6)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation (7)
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
East Malaysia
-
Sabah Malaysia (1)
-
Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (2)
-
-
Burma (4)
-
Cambodia (1)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (5)
-
Altyn Tagh Fault (1)
-
Anhui China (4)
-
Anshan China (2)
-
Bohaiwan Basin (1)
-
Chongqing China (2)
-
Da Hinggan Ling (14)
-
Dabie Mountains (15)
-
Donghai China (1)
-
Fujian China (9)
-
Gansu China
-
Hexi Corridor (1)
-
-
Guangdong China
-
Leizhou Peninsula (1)
-
-
Guangxi China (7)
-
Guiyang China (1)
-
Guizhou China (5)
-
Hainan China (3)
-
Hebei China
-
Yanshan Range (4)
-
-
Heilongjiang China
-
Xiao Hinggan Ling (5)
-
-
Henan China (6)
-
Hong Kong (1)
-
Hubei China
-
Jianghan Basin (1)
-
Yichang China (1)
-
-
Hunan China (10)
-
Inner Mongolia China (38)
-
Jiangsu China (1)
-
Jiangxi China (6)
-
Jilin China (8)
-
Kunlun Mountains (12)
-
Liaoning China
-
Liaodong Peninsula (6)
-
-
Macau (1)
-
Nanling (5)
-
Nanpanjiang Basin (1)
-
North China Platform (122)
-
Ordos Basin (5)
-
Qaidam Basin (5)
-
Qiangtang Basin (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (14)
-
Qinghai China (16)
-
Qinling Mountains (16)
-
Sanjiang (2)
-
Shaanxi China (5)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (1)
-
Shandong Peninsula (6)
-
-
Shanxi China (3)
-
Sichuan Basin (4)
-
Sichuan China
-
Gongga Mountain (1)
-
Panxi Rift (3)
-
-
Songliao Basin (1)
-
South China Block (55)
-
Sulu Terrane (11)
-
Taihang Mountains (1)
-
Tancheng-Lujiang Fault (1)
-
Tarim Platform (15)
-
Tongbai Mountains (1)
-
Tongling China (1)
-
Xiaoqinling Mountains (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Hami Basin (1)
-
Junggar (7)
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
Taklimakan Desert (1)
-
Tarim Basin (4)
-
Turpan Basin (1)
-
Urumqi China (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (24)
-
Lhasa Block (29)
-
Lhasa China (4)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (23)
-
Yangtze River (1)
-
Yangtze River valley (3)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (2)
-
Yunnan China
-
Ailao Shan (6)
-
Tengchong (1)
-
-
Zhejiang China (10)
-
-
Indochina (8)
-
Indonesia
-
Bangka (1)
-
Billiton (1)
-
Celebes (1)
-
Java (1)
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (2)
-
Sumatra (3)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Fukui Japan (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Gyeonggi Massif (2)
-
Kyongsang Basin (1)
-
-
-
Laos (2)
-
Malaysia
-
East Malaysia
-
Sabah Malaysia (1)
-
Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
Mongolia
-
Hangay Mountains (1)
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Cebu Philippine Islands (1)
-
Luzon (1)
-
-
Thailand
-
Khorat Plateau (1)
-
-
Vietnam (5)
-
-
Ganges River (1)
-
Himalayas
-
Lesser Himalayas (2)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (2)
-
Bengal (1)
-
Bhutan (1)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (2)
-
-
Bastar Craton (2)
-
Bundelkhand (2)
-
Chhattisgarh India (1)
-
Deccan Plateau (2)
-
Dharwar Craton (5)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (3)
-
Western Ghats (3)
-
-
Gujarat India
-
Amba Dongar (1)
-
Kutch India (1)
-
Saurashtra (2)
-
-
Jharkhand India (1)
-
Karnataka India
-
Closepet Granite (1)
-
-
Kerala India (1)
-
Madhya Pradesh India
-
Sidhi India (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India (2)
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (4)
-
Tripura India (1)
-
-
Orissa India (1)
-
Rajasthan India
-
Aravalli Range (2)
-
Barmer India (1)
-
Mangalwar Complex (1)
-
-
Satpura Range (1)
-
Sikkim India (1)
-
Singhbhum shear zone (3)
-
Son Valley (2)
-
Southern Granulite Terrain (4)
-
Tamil Nadu India (2)
-
West Bengal India (1)
-
-
Indian Shield (2)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (1)
-
Ladakh (5)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Kohistan (3)
-
Pakistan (6)
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (10)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (7)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Karakoram (4)
-
Kemerovo Russian Federation (1)
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation
-
Okhotsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Khamar-Daban Range (2)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (3)
-
Norilsk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Kurgan Russian Federation (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (2)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Magadan Russian Federation (2)
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
-
Main Central Thrust (2)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (3)
-
-
Iraq (1)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (1)
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Turkey
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ijolite (1)
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-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (9)
-
Seychelles (1)
-
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expedition 341
-
IODP Site U1417 (1)
-
IODP Site U1418 (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (360)
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (1)
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
-
Agnostida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
-
Radiolaria (3)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Hf-182 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (67)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (55)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (47)
-
Pu-239 (1)
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Pu-244 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
C-13/C-12 (29)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
D/H (6)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (7)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (407)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-142 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (265)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (148)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (67)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (55)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (16)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (47)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (27)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (277)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
-
kaolin deposits (2)
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land subsidence (1)
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land use (1)
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lava (41)
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lineation (7)
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magmas (333)
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Malay Archipelago
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia (2)
-
-
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mantle (274)
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Mediterranean region
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-
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Mediterranean Sea
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Strait of Sicily (2)
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-
-
-
Mesozoic
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Antalya Complex (1)
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Bela Ophiolites (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian (5)
-
Aptian (5)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Hauterivian (2)
-
Isachsen Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous
-
Winton Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian (3)
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Gulfian
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Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Senonian (2)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
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Turonian (1)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (4)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
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Jurassic
-
Bonanza Group (1)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (2)
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Ferrar Group (1)
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Ladner Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
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Laberge Group (1)
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Pliensbachian (1)
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Sinemurian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
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Bajocian (1)
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Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Jeanne d'Arc Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (5)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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Olenekian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (2)
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Ladinian (2)
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Muschelkalk (1)
-
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (2)
-
Karmutsen Group (1)
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
Yanshanian (4)
-
-
metal ores
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aluminum ores (1)
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antimony ores (2)
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arsenic ores (1)
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base metals (6)
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beryllium ores (4)
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chromite ores (3)
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copper ores (93)
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gold ores (80)
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IOCG deposits (8)
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iron ores (20)
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lead ores (20)
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lead-zinc deposits (11)
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lithium ores (2)
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manganese ores (3)
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mercury ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (30)
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nickel ores (24)
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niobium ores (8)
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palladium ores (2)
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platinum ores (14)
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polymetallic ores (14)
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pyrite ores (1)
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rare earth deposits
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cerium ores (1)
-
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silver ores (16)
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strontium ores (1)
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tantalum ores (6)
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tellurium ores (1)
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thorium ores (1)
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tin ores (19)
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titanium ores (1)
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tungsten ores (12)
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uranium ores (6)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (25)
-
-
metals
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actinides
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americium (1)
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curium (1)
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neptunium (1)
-
plutonium
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Pu-239 (1)
-
Pu-244 (1)
-
-
thorium (9)
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (2)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (2)
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
-
potassium (11)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
sodium (5)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (10)
-
beryllium (3)
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium (1)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (277)
-
-
-
aluminum (3)
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (4)
-
bismuth (1)
-
chromium (7)
-
copper (2)
-
gallium (2)
-
germanium (1)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (407)
-
Hf-182 (2)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (7)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (4)
-
ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (67)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (55)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (16)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (47)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (4)
-
mercury (3)
-
molybdenum (6)
-
nickel (4)
-
niobium (13)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (9)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
-
palladium (1)
-
palladium ores (2)
-
platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (14)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (12)
-
europium (13)
-
lanthanum (9)
-
lutetium (47)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-142 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (265)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (34)
-
-
ytterbium (10)
-
yttrium (17)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
-
silver (3)
-
tantalum (9)
-
thallium (1)
-
titanium (14)
-
tungsten (1)
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
zirconium (5)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (39)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (37)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
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augen gneiss (6)
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banded gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (3)
-
granite gneiss (9)
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orthogneiss (21)
-
paragneiss (13)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
gondite (1)
-
granulites
-
leptite (1)
-
-
impactites (2)
-
itabirite (1)
-
jadeitite (3)
-
marbles
-
calciphyre (1)
-
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (10)
-
metabasite (6)
-
metadacite (1)
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metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (10)
-
metagranite (5)
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metakomatiite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (9)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
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khondalite (2)
-
metaconglomerate (1)
-
metagraywacke (3)
-
metapelite (15)
-
metasandstone (5)
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paragneiss (13)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
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greisen (3)
-
serpentinite (9)
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skarn (11)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (28)
-
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-
-
phyllites (5)
-
quartzites (11)
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schists
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blueschist (6)
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greenstone (7)
-
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slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (184)
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metasomatism (139)
-
meteorites
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stony meteorites
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achondrites
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lunar meteorites (4)
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Martian meteorites
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SNC Meteorites
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chassignite (1)
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nakhlite (1)
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shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (2)
-
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Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (155)
-
mineral exploration (41)
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mineral resources (1)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
minerals (3)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (3)
-
Moon (9)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (4)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
xenon (2)
-
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (3)
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (3)
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Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (2)
-
Piedmont (2)
-
Southern Appalachians (4)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Belt Basin (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Cape Smith fold belt (1)
-
Rae Province (5)
-
-
Flin Flon Belt (1)
-
Grenville Province (7)
-
Slave Province (8)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (8)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (1)
-
Swayze greenstone belt (1)
-
Uchi Subprovince (1)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
Wawa Belt (1)
-
-
-
Coast plutonic complex (3)
-
Denali Fault (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Keweenawan Rift (1)
-
Kootenay Arc (1)
-
Lake of the Woods region (1)
-
Lake Superior region (1)
-
Methow Basin (1)
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Michigan Basin (2)
-
North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (11)
-
-
North American Craton (1)
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Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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Northern Rocky Mountains (2)
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Southern Rocky Mountains (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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Beartooth Mountains (1)
-
-
Bitterroot Range (2)
-
Bridger Range (1)
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Medicine Bow Mountains (1)
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Saint Elias Mountains (3)
-
Transcontinental Arch (1)
-
Yakutat Terrane (1)
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (9)
-
-
nuclear facilities (1)
-
ocean basins (2)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 121
-
ODP Site 758 (1)
-
-
Leg 195
-
ODP Site 1201 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (13)
-
Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (1)
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Vanuatu (1)
-
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Micronesia
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Mariana Islands (1)
-
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kohala (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
-
-
-
-
-
oil and gas fields (3)
-
orogeny (103)
-
oxygen
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O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (148)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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East Pacific Rise (1)
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Galapagos Rift (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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Gulf of California
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Guaymas Basin (1)
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Hess Deep (1)
-
-
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Equatorial Pacific (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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Gulf of California
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Guaymas Basin (1)
-
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Hess Deep (1)
-
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Northwest Pacific
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Japan Sea (1)
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Mariana Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (1)
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Philippine Sea
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West Philippine Basin (1)
-
-
South China Sea
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Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Japan Sea (1)
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Mariana Trench (1)
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Okhotsk Sea (1)
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Philippine Sea
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-
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South China Sea
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Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
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Pacific region (1)
-
paleoclimatology (9)
-
paleoecology (2)
-
paleogeography (143)
-
paleomagnetism (12)
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (2)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Semri Series (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (3)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Chilliwack Group (1)
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Johns Valley Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
Stanley Group (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Caseyville Formation (1)
-
Haymond Formation (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (4)
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (50)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Buchans Group (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Floian (1)
-
Manx Group (1)
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
Tremadocian (2)
-
-
Majiagou Formation (1)
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (3)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian (2)
-
Longtan Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian (16)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (2)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Shihezi Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (2)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (5)
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (21)
-
Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (4)
-
-
-
paragenesis (47)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (2)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
petrology (31)
-
Phanerozoic (12)
-
phase equilibria (16)
-
phosphate deposits (3)
-
phosphorus (5)
-
placers
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beach placers (1)
-
-
planetology (2)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta (1)
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta (2)
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (406)
-
pollution (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Eoarchean (8)
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
-
Gilman Formation (2)
-
Mesoarchean (17)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Opemisca Group (1)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
Roy Group (1)
-
Taihua Group (1)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
Yellowknife Group (2)
-
-
Central Rand Group (2)
-
Changcheng System (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (2)
-
Hadean (20)
-
Johnnie Formation (3)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (4)
-
Pongola Supergroup (2)
-
Prichard Formation (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (1)
-
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1-20 OF 1982 RESULTS FOR
Hf-177/Lu-176
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Journal Article
Plumbing the depths of magma crystallization using 176 Lu/ 177 Hf in zircon as a pressure proxy
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 03 January 2023
Geology (2023) 51 (3): 233–237.
... to track changes in Earth’s dominant tectonic regimes through time. We therefore developed a new “pressure of crystallization” proxy based on the variation of the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratio in zircon. This ratio is controlled by zircon fractionation and residual garnet, and it can be used to monitor...
Image
T – 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ( a ) and 176 Lu/ 177 Hf– 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ( b ) diagrams...
in Isotope Lu–Hf composition of detrital zircon from paragneisses of the Sharyzhalgai uplift: evidence for the Paleoproterozoic crustal growth
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 July 2016
Fig. 5. T – 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ( a ) and 176 Lu/ 177 Hf– 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ( b ) diagrams for zircon cores from paragneisses. Zircons from: 1 , garnet–cordierite–biotite paragneiss, 2 , hypersthene–biotite paragneiss; 3 , altered zircon cores.
Image
(A) Plots of 176 Lu/ 177 Hf versus 176 Hf/ 177 Hf and (B) U-Pb age versus...
in Basal erosion during the initiation of continental deep subduction in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt (NW China): Constraints from geochemistry and geochronology on eclogites and gneisses in the Chachahe unit
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 06 May 2024
Figure 6. (A) Plots of 176 Lu/ 177 Hf versus 176 Hf/ 177 Hf and (B) U-Pb age versus ε Hf (t) for zircons from samples in the Chachahe unit of NW China, plus comparison of Hf T DM2 for (C) magmatic zircons from gneisses in the Chachahe unit and (D) the Delingha Complex of NW China. Zircon Lu-Hf
Image
( a ) Measured 176 Hf/ 177 Hf versus 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and ( b ) Ɛ Hf(t) ve...
in A zircon trace element and Hf isotope geochemical study of syenites and carbonatite, exemplified by the Epembe alkaline carbonatite complex, Namibia
> South African Journal of Geology
Published: 01 December 2022
Figure 7. ( a ) Measured 176 Hf/ 177 Hf versus 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and ( b ) Ɛ Hf(t) versus U-Pb ages for Epembe zircons. Initial Ɛ Hf was calculated using CHUR parameters of Bouvier et al. (2008) : 176 Hf/ 177 Hf = 0.282785 and 176 Lu/ 177 Hf = 0.0336, and a decay constant of 176 Lu of λ
Image
( a ) Plots of zircon 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratios vs. 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios. ( ...
in The composition of garnet in granite and pegmatite from the Gangdese orogen in southeastern Tibet: Constraints on pegmatite petrogenesis
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2021
Figure 8. ( a ) Plots of zircon 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratios vs. 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios. ( b ) Plots of zircon e Hf (t) values vs. d 18 O values. ( c and d ) Histograms of zircon Hf model ages for the granite and pegmatite, respectively. (Color online.)
Image
Plots of initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf v. 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ( a ) and εHf v. appare...
in Isotope geochemistry and revised geochronology of the Purrido Ophiolite (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Iberian Massif): Devonian magmatism with mixed sources and involved Mesoproterozoic basement
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 May 2011
Fig. 11. Plots of initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf v. 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ( a ) and εHf v. apparent age ( b ) showing the results of Lu–Hf spot analyses of zircons from samples G03-8, G07-1 and G07-2. Filled symbols correspond to concordant U–Pb analyses; open symbols are discordant. Error bars are 2σ
Image
Relationship between 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf (t) , and 206 Pb/...
in Unique coesite-bearing zircon from allanite-bearing gneisses: U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf properties and implications for the evolution of the Sulu UH P terrane, China
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 November 2009
Fig. 9. Relationship between 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf (t) , and 206 Pb/ 238 U age and εHf (t) values for the different domains in zircon from allanite-bearing paragneiss S27 and orthogneiss S28 in drill hole CCSD-PP2. (a) and (b) 176 Lu/ 177 Hf vs. 176 Hf/ 177 Hf(t) for zircon
Image
176 Lu/ 177 Hf versus initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ( top ) and histogram of s...
in Melting of Newly Formed Mafic Crust for the Formation of Neoproterozoic I-Type Granite in the Hannan Region, South China
> The Journal of Geology
Published: 01 January 2009
Figure 7. 176 Lu/ 177 Hf versus initial 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ( top ) and histogram of single-stage model Hf ages ( bottom ) for rocks from the Tianpinghe pluton in the Hannan region, South China.
Image
Figure 5. (A) 176 Lu/ 177 Hf versus 176 Hf/ 177 Hf isochron diagram for Z...
in Geochemical and petrological evidence for a suprasubduction zone origin of Neoarchean (ca. 2.5 Ga) peridotites, central orogenic belt, North China craton
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 July 2006
Figure 5. (A) 176 Lu/ 177 Hf versus 176 Hf/ 177 Hf isochron diagram for Zunhua peridotites, yielding an isochron age of 2528 ± 130 Ma. (B) Hf isotopic evolution of the depleted mantle through time (modified from Bennett, 2004 ). The initial ϵ Hf data for Zunhua peridotites plot well above
Image
Figure 3. 176 Hf/ 177 Hf versus 176 Lu/ 177 Hf for northern French Massif...
Published: 01 April 2006
Figure 3. 176 Hf/ 177 Hf versus 176 Lu/ 177 Hf for northern French Massif Central mantle clinopyroxenes (cpx). Inset graph provides magnified view of Montboissier and Fraisse samples. Also shown is a 360 Ma reference isochron (dashed line)
Image
(A) Garnet 176 Lu/ 176 Hf- 177 Hf/ 176 Hf diagram. (B, C) Rutile 238 U/ 2...
in Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism revealed by felsic granulite xenoliths in southern Tibet
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 31 July 2024
Figure 6. (A) Garnet 176 Lu/ 176 Hf- 177 Hf/ 176 Hf diagram. (B, C) Rutile 238 U/ 206 Pb- 207 Pb/ 206 Pb diagrams. (D) Thermal-related geological age records in southern Tibet at the Miocene. Age data represented by rectangles is from Chung et al. (2003) , Hou et al. (2015) , Wang et al
Image
176 Hf/ 177 Hf plotted against relative proportion of 176 (Yb + Lu)/ 176 H...
in U-Pb-Hf characterization of the central Coast Mountains batholith: Implications for petrogenesis and crustal architecture
> Lithosphere
Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 4. 176 Hf/ 177 Hf plotted against relative proportion of 176 (Yb + Lu)/ 176 Hf (shown as a percentage), for all solution analyses performed over the course of this study. Data were normalized to 179 Hf/ 177 Hf = 0.72350 ( Patchett and Tatsumoto, 1980 ; Patchett, 1983 ), and 173 Yb
Image
( 230 Th/ 238 U) vs. δ (Sm/Nd) , δ (Lu/Hf) , and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf. δ (Lu/Hf)...
Published: 01 January 2003
Figure 4. ( 230 Th/ 238 U) vs. δ (Sm/Nd) , δ (Lu/Hf) , and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf. δ (Lu/Hf) is an indicator of the amount of residual garnet, whereas δ (Sm/Nd) is an indicator of the degree of melting. For the Hawaiian basalts, the highest degree melts (low δ (Sm/Nd) ) with the least prominent
Image
Lu–Hf systematics in metamorphic zircon. A) 176 Hf/ 177 Hf isotopic evolut...
Published: 01 August 2017
Figure 7. Lu–Hf systematics in metamorphic zircon. A) 176 Hf/ 177 Hf isotopic evolution over time for different components of a gabbroic rock that crystallized magmatic zircon at time 0 and metamorphic zircon 100 Ma later, in a garnet bearing assemblage. Because zircon is the main host of Hf
Image
Zircon Lu-Hf isotope plots for rocks from the study area. (A) 176 Hf/ 177 ...
in Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks from the North China craton: Intraplate magmatism associated with craton destruction
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 July 2017
Figure 15. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope plots for rocks from the study area. (A) 176 Hf/ 177 Hf i vs. age (Ma). (B) ε Hf ( t ) vs. age (Ma). CHUR—chondritic uniform reservoir.
Image
Plots of zircon ɛ Hf ( t ) versus the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratio. Core-to-rim ...
in Mineral ages and zircon Hf isotopic composition of the Andong ultramafic complex: implications for the evolution of Mesozoic subduction system and subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath SE Korea
> Geological Magazine
Published: 18 October 2013
Figure 6. Plots of zircon ɛ Hf ( t ) versus the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratio. Core-to-rim variation is shown by arrowed
tie lines connecting data from the same grain. Error bars indicate
2 σ standard error. The closed and open symbols represent zircon
Image
Secular variations of 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and δ 18 O isotopes in zircons. Each ...
in Plumbing the depths of magma crystallization using 176 Lu/ 177 Hf in zircon as a pressure proxy
> Geology
Published: 03 January 2023
Figure 1. Secular variations of 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and δ 18 O isotopes in zircons. Each data point represents filtered 0.1 b.y. bins in a worldwide data set ( 176 Lu/ 177 Hf: n = 124,476; δ 18 O: n = 6294). Error bars are 2 standard errors of values within each bin. Orange bars represent
Image
Geochemical controls on 176 Lu/ 177 Hf proxy. (A) Correlation between calc...
in Plumbing the depths of magma crystallization using 176 Lu/ 177 Hf in zircon as a pressure proxy
> Geology
Published: 03 January 2023
Figure 3. Geochemical controls on 176 Lu/ 177 Hf proxy. (A) Correlation between calculated zircon 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and Yb-Y concentrations for 4472 analyses. Successful partial melting models (i.e., models that overlap natural data) for three sources show coevolution of 176 Lu/ 177 Hf and Yb
Image
176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratios vs. heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents for meta...
in Identification of ca. 520 Ma mid-ocean-ridge–type ophiolite suite in the inner Cathaysia block, South China: Evidence from shearing-type oceanic plagiogranite
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 20 October 2021
Figure 10. 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratios vs. heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents for metamorphic zircons from the meta-felsic rocks.
Image
Possible evolutionary pathways for Lu 176 / Hf 177 ...
in Detrital Zircons Reveal Evidence of Hadean Crust in the Singhbhum Craton, India: A Reply
> The Journal of Geology
Published: 01 May 2019
Figure 1. Possible evolutionary pathways for Lu 176 / Hf 177 superimposed on accepted Lu 176 / Hf 177 estimates for Earth’s Lu-Hf geochemical reservoirs. DM (orange dashed line) = depleted mantle model from Mueller et al. ( 2008 ); CHUR (blue solid
1