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![(a) View of the Limo massif (background) from the Herbeira massif (foreground, right). The precipitous cliffs (>500 m) of the Limo massif are formed entirely of foliated spinel-bearing harzburgite. (b) Disseminated spinels in harzburgites of the Uzal massif. (c) Detail of the ultra-mylonitized harzburgite at the contact with the underlying granulites exposed along the eastern side of the Limo and Herbeira massifs. In general the Herbeira harzburgite is not strongly overprinted by late shearing deformation, but the tectonic contact between harzburgite and granulite is the notable exception to this rule. (d) Typical exposure of Herbeira garnet pyroxenite with alternating dunite layers. (e) Thin chromite-rich layers in the lower dunite. (f) Massive chromitite concentration in the upper part of the upper dunite (UD3, top of the ultramafic sequence).]()
![Geological map and cross-sections of the Herbeira massif showing a basal harzburgite overlain by a layered complex formed by lower dunite, pyroxenite and upper dunite and indicating where analysed chromite concentrations were collected. (THF: Trans-Herbeira Fault.)]()
![Chromite mineralization in the Herbeira Massif. (a) As massive chromitite (Cr) in a dunite pod (Dn) in harzburgite (Hz) at the base of the cliffs (DP on Fig. 2). (b) As chromite-rich layers (Cr) in dunite bands alternating with pyroxenites. (c) As massive platiniferous chromitite band in the upper part of the upper dunite (UD3; Fig. 2).]()
![Summarizing sketch showing geological map of the Herbeira Massif, ultramafic stratigraphy and PGE distributions from mantle harzburgite through overlying crustal dunites and pyroxenites. Chondrite-normalized diagrams display representative PGE distributions through the ultramafic sequence, corresponding to localities numbered 1–8 on Herbeira map. PGE values (in ppb) represent the highest values obtained at each locality. Note locality 2 is from chromitite-bearing dunite pods in harzburgite: these show relative Pt and Pd depletion, in contrast to the Pt and Pd enrichment in the overlying layered dunites.]()
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![(a) Location of displaced terranes in NW Iberia. (b) The three ultramafic massifs (Limo, Herbeira and Uzal) and the simplified geology of Cabo Ortegal.]()
![Normalization of serpentinized samples to fresher rocks representing each massif. The sample from Limo was normalized to the fresher rock from Herbeira.]()
![Compositional variation of Pd content in gold alloys from a variety of environments. Source: (1) ‘jacutinga’-style mineralization, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Berzelius, 1836; Hussak, 1906b; Olivo et al., 1994, 1995; Roeser et al., 1991; Seamon, 1882; Varajão et al., 1999); (2) palladian electrum, Kupferschiefer, Poland (Kucha and Przybylowicz, 1999); (3) Pd-bearing Au-Cu alloys (Skaergaard, Greenland, Bird et al., 1991; Jijal, Pakistani Himalayas, Miller et al., 1991; Kondyor, Russian Far East, Nekrasov et al., 1999; Rum, Scotland, Power et al., 2000); (4) Palladian gold associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks and placers (Stillwater, Montana, USA, Cabri and Laflamme, 1974; Lac des Iles, Ontario, Canada, Cabri and Laflamme, 1979; Ortakale River, Kars Province, Turkey, Cabri et al., 1996; alluvial deposits in Finnish Lapland, Törnroos and Vuorelainen, 1987; Kola Peninsula, Yakovlev et al., 1991); (5) Mesothermal-style gold lode (Cassiporé, Amapá, Brazil, Costa et al., 1993); (6) Hg-bearing Pd-Au alloy in pentlandite (Herbeira ultramafic massif, Cabo Ortegal, Spain, Moreno et al., 1999); (7) Native palladium (Kupferschiefer, Poland, Kucha, 1981; Serra Pelada, Pará, Brazil, Cabral et al., 2002b; Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Olivo and Gauthier, 1995; Gongo Soco, this study).]()
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Herbeira Massif
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Journal Article
Formation of a secondary platinum-group mineral assemblage in chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 April 1999
European Journal of Mineralogy (1999) 11 (2): 363–378.
Image
( a ) View of the Limo massif (background) from the Herbeira massif (foregr... Available to Purchase
in Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic setting of ultramafic rocks in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 July 2001
Fig. 3. ( a ) View of the Limo massif (background) from the Herbeira massif (foreground, right). The precipitous cliffs (>500 m) of the Limo massif are formed entirely of foliated spinel-bearing harzburgite. ( b ) Disseminated spinels in harzburgites of the Uzal massif. ( c ) Detail
Image
Geological map and cross-sections of the Herbeira massif showing a basal ha... Available to Purchase
in Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic setting of ultramafic rocks in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 July 2001
Fig. 2. Geological map and cross-sections of the Herbeira massif showing a basal harzburgite overlain by a layered complex formed by lower dunite, pyroxenite and upper dunite and indicating where analysed chromite concentrations were collected. (THF: Trans-Herbeira Fault.)
Image
Chromite mineralization in the Herbeira Massif. ( a ) As massive chromitite... Available to Purchase
in Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic setting of ultramafic rocks in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 July 2001
Fig. 4. Chromite mineralization in the Herbeira Massif. ( a ) As massive chromitite (Cr) in a dunite pod (Dn) in harzburgite (Hz) at the base of the cliffs (DP on Fig. 2). ( b ) As chromite-rich layers (Cr) in dunite bands alternating with pyroxenites. ( c ) As massive platiniferous chromitite
Image
Summarizing sketch showing geological map of the Herbeira Massif, ultramafi... Available to Purchase
in Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic setting of ultramafic rocks in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 July 2001
Fig. 6. Summarizing sketch showing geological map of the Herbeira Massif, ultramafic stratigraphy and PGE distributions from mantle harzburgite through overlying crustal dunites and pyroxenites. Chondrite-normalized diagrams display representative PGE distributions through the ultramafic sequence
Journal Article
Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic setting of ultramafic rocks in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 July 2001
Journal of the Geological Society (2001) 158 (4): 601–614.
...Fig. 3. ( a ) View of the Limo massif (background) from the Herbeira massif (foreground, right). The precipitous cliffs (>500 m) of the Limo massif are formed entirely of foliated spinel-bearing harzburgite. ( b ) Disseminated spinels in harzburgites of the Uzal massif. ( c ) Detail...
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Journal Article
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SERPENTINITES AT CABO ORTEGAL, NORTHWESTERN SPAIN Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 April 2008
The Canadian Mineralogist (2008) 46 (2): 317–327.
... major elements ( Table 1 ), as pointed out below. TABLE 1. MAJOR-ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES OF SERPENTINIZED PERIDOTITE FROM CABO ORTEGAL Loss on ignition (LOI) results show that some of the relatively fresh samples from the Herbeira massif have a high content of H 2 O because...
FIGURES
Image
( a ) Location of displaced terranes in NW Iberia. ( b ) The three ultramaf... Available to Purchase
in Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic setting of ultramafic rocks in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 July 2001
Fig. 1. ( a ) Location of displaced terranes in NW Iberia. ( b ) The three ultramafic massifs (Limo, Herbeira and Uzal) and the simplified geology of Cabo Ortegal.
Image
Normalization of serpentinized samples to fresher rocks representing each m... Available to Purchase
in GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SERPENTINITES AT CABO ORTEGAL, NORTHWESTERN SPAIN
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 April 2008
F ig . 8. Normalization of serpentinized samples to fresher rocks representing each massif. The sample from Limo was normalized to the fresher rock from Herbeira.
Journal Article
Characterization and thermodynamic properties of andradite, Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12 Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 August 1991
American Mineralogist (1991) 76 (7-8): 1249–1260.
...Michel Madon; J. I. Gil Ibarguchi; Julian Via; Jacques Girardeau Abstract Garnet with composition of almost pure andradite (Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12 ) occurs in fissures cutting the foliation of pyroxenites at the Herbeira ultramafic massif (Cabo Ortegal, northwest Spain). The infrared and Raman spectra...
Image
Compositional variation of Pd content in gold alloys from a variety of envi... Available to Purchase
in A two-stage process of native palladium formation at low temperatures: evidence from a palladian gold nugget (Gongo Soco iron ore mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil)
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 June 2003
and Vuorelainen, 1987 ; Kola Peninsula, Yakovlev et al. , 1991 ); (5) Mesothermal-style gold lode (Cassiporé, Amapá, Brazil, Costa et al. , 1993 ); (6) Hg-bearing Pd-Au alloy in pentlandite (Herbeira ultramafic massif, Cabo Ortegal, Spain, Moreno et al. , 1999 ); (7) Native palladium (Kupferschiefer
Journal Article
A two-stage process of native palladium formation at low temperatures: evidence from a palladian gold nugget (Gongo Soco iron ore mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil) Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 June 2003
Mineralogical Magazine (2003) 67 (3): 453–463.
... and Vuorelainen, 1987 ; Kola Peninsula, Yakovlev et al. , 1991 ); (5) Mesothermal-style gold lode (Cassiporé, Amapá, Brazil, Costa et al. , 1993 ); (6) Hg-bearing Pd-Au alloy in pentlandite (Herbeira ultramafic massif, Cabo Ortegal, Spain, Moreno et al. , 1999 ); (7) Native palladium (Kupferschiefer...
FIGURES
Journal Article
HYDROGEN IN A NATURAL Pd–O COMPOUND FROM GONGO SOCO, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 April 2004
The Canadian Mineralogist (2004) 42 (2): 689–694.
.... Mag . 63 , 345 – 352 . Moreno , T. , Prichard , H.M. , Lunar , R. , Monterrubio , S. & Fisher , P. ( 1999 ): Formation of a secondary platinum-group mineral assemblage in chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain . Eur. J. Mineral...
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Journal Article
Chemical and physical transfers in an ultramafic rock weathering profile: Part 2. Dissolution vs. accumulation of platinum group minerals Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 January 2008
American Mineralogist (2008) 93 (1): 31–38.
.... Moreno, T., Prichard, M.H., Lunar, R., Monterrubio, S., and Fisher, P. ( 1999 ) Formation of a secondary platinum-group mineral assemblage in chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain. European Journal of Mineralogy , 11 , 363 –378. Nahon. D.B. ( 1986 ) Evolution...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
INTERESTING PAPERS IN OTHER JOURNALS Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 2025
Economic Geology (2025) 120 (1): 225–234.
... of the Herbeira massif (Cabo Ortegal Complex, Spain) revisited Matías García-Tudela, Joaquín A. Proenza, Júlia Farré-de-Pablo, Núria Pujol-Solà, and Antonio Garcia-Casco article 106109 Genesis of the Jiada pegmatite lithium deposit in the Ke eryin ore field, western Sichuan, China: Evidence from whole-rock...
Journal Article
Zoning of laurite (RuS 2 )–erlichmanite (OsS 2 ): implications for the origin of PGM in ophiolite chromitites Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 April 2009
European Journal of Mineralogy (2009) 21 (2): 419–432.
... . Moreno , T. , Prichard , H.M. , Lunar , R. , Monterrubio , S. , Fisher , P. ( 1999 ): Formation of a secondary PGM assemblage chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain . Eur. J. Mineral ., 11 , 363 – 378 . Murashko , V.I. & Lavandero...
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Journal Article
CONTRASTING PLATINUM-GROUP MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES FROM TWO DIFFERENT PODIFORM CHROMITITE LOCALITIES IN THE PINDOS OPHIOLITE COMPLEX, GREECE Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 April 2008
The Canadian Mineralogist (2008) 46 (2): 329–341.
....). Moreno , T. , Prichard , H.M. , Lunar , R. , Monterrubio , S. & Fisher , P.C. ( 1999 ): Formation of a secondary platinum group mineral assemblage in chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif, Cabo Ortegal, NW, Spain . Eur. J. Mineral . 11 , 363 – 378 . O’Hara...
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Journal Article
MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF PLATINUM-RICH CHROMITITES FROM THE MANTLE–CRUST TRANSITION ZONE AT OUEN ISLAND, NEW CALEDONIA OPHIOLITE Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 December 2011
The Canadian Mineralogist (2011) 49 (6): 1549–1569.
...: a study of solid and fluid inclusions in chromite . J. Petrol . 38 , 1419 – 1458 . Moreno T. Prichard H.M. Lunar R. Monterrubio S. Fisher P. (1999) : Formation of a secondary platinum-group mineral assemblage in chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo...
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Journal Article
THE AGUABLANCA Ni–Cu–PGE DEPOSIT, SOUTHWESTERN IBERIA: MAGMATIC ORE-FORMING PROCESSES AND RETROGRADE EVOLUTION Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 April 2004
The Canadian Mineralogist (2004) 42 (2): 325–350.
... in chromitites form the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain . Eur. J. Mineral . 11 , 363 – 378 . Naldrett , A.J. ( 1999 ): World class Ni–Cu–PGE deposits: key factors in their genesis . Mineral. Deposita 34 , 227 – 240 . Naldrett , A.J. & Duke , J.M. ( 1980...
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Journal Article
Placer platinum-group minerals in the Shetland ophiolite complex derived from anomalously enriched podiform chromitites Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 June 2018
Mineralogical Magazine (2018) 82 (3): 491–514.
... platinum-group minerals assemblage in chromitites from the Herbeira ultramafic massif in Cabo Ortegal, NW Spain . European Journal of Mineralogy , 11 , 363 – 378 . Moreno , T. , Gibbons , W. , Prichard , H.M. and Lunar , R. ( 2001 ). Platiniferous chromitite and the tectonic...
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