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Helmsdale Fault

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Journal Article

Older than you think: using U–Pb calcite geochronology to better constrain basin-bounding fault reactivation, Inner Moray Firth Basin, western North Sea

A. Tamas, R. E. Holdsworth, D. M. Tamas, E. D. Dempsey, K. Hardman, A. Bird, N. M. W. Roberts, J. Lee, J. R. Underhill, D. McCarthy, K. J. W. McCaffrey, D. Selby
Published: 18 September 2023
Journal of the Geological Society (2023) 180 (5): jgs2022-166.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2022-166
... the Helmsdale Fault and the Great Glen Fault (GGF). The Jurassic successions exposed onshore close to these faults at Helmsdale and Shandwick preserve folding, calcite veining and minor faulting consistent with sinistral (Helmsdale Fault) and dextral (GGF) transtensional movements. This deformation has been...
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View PDF for article title, Older than you think: using U–Pb calcite geochronology to better constrain basin-bounding <span class="search-highlight">fault</span> reactivation, Inner Moray Firth Basin, western North Sea
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Image
Field photographs of structures within the Helmsdale Fault damage zone [ND 05172 17046]. (a) Yellow/orange fault gouge. (b) NE–SW-trending strands of deformation bands shown in red (also without interpretation in the inset). (c) Minor antithetic fault plane (dipping to the NW). (d) Kinematic indicators on exposed minor faults showing dip-slip to slightly sinistral-normal oblique-slip movements. (e) Minor synthetic fault plane (dipping to the SE).

Field photographs of structures within the Helmsdale Fault damage zone [ND ...

Published: 18 September 2023
Fig. 3. Field photographs of structures within the Helmsdale Fault damage zone [ND 05172 17046]. ( a ) Yellow/orange fault gouge. ( b ) NE–SW-trending strands of deformation bands shown in red (also without interpretation in the inset). ( c ) Minor antithetic fault plane (dipping to the NW). ( d
Image
Summary log of the Middle Jurassic stratigraphy along the Helmsdale Fault, onshore the Inner Moray Firth. Modified from Hurst (1993). The upper Callovian–middle Oxfordian Brora Arenaceous Formation was deposited during the transition from shallow-marine deposition during tectonically quiet conditions to onset of rifting, increased hinterland topography, sediment supply and generation of depositional slopes off the Helmsdale Fault.

Summary log of the Middle Jurassic stratigraphy along the Helmsdale Fault, ...

Published: 18 September 2020
Fig. 3. Summary log of the Middle Jurassic stratigraphy along the Helmsdale Fault, onshore the Inner Moray Firth. Modified from Hurst (1993) . The upper Callovian–middle Oxfordian Brora Arenaceous Formation was deposited during the transition from shallow-marine deposition during tectonically
Journal Article

The Upper Jurassic ‘Boulder Beds’ and related deposits: a fault-controlled submarine slope, NE Scotland

K. T. Pickering
Published: 01 March 1984
Journal of the Geological Society (1984) 141 (2): 357–374.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.2.0357
...K. T. Pickering Abstract During the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) rifting in the North Sea, large-scale normal faults developed to form relatively deep marine basins. The north-western margin of one of these basins, defined by the Helmsdale Fault, is described to show the nature of sedimentation...
View PDF for article title, The Upper Jurassic ‘Boulder Beds’ and related deposits: a <span class="search-highlight">fault</span>-controlled submarine slope, NE Scotland
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Journal Article

Discussion on palaeoecology and sedimentology across a Jurassic fault scarp, NE Scotland

Published: 01 August 1994
Journal of the Geological Society (1994) 151 (4): 729–731.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.151.4.0729
... that supply of the Allt na Cuile Sandstone during the early Kimmeridgian was via a transfer fault zone between two separate segments of the Helmsdale fault. Although an offset in the trace of the Helmsdale fault is supported by onshore mapping, little evidence exists for a connecting fault between the two...
View PDF for article title, Discussion on palaeoecology and sedimentology across a Jurassic <span class="search-highlight">fault</span> scarp, NE Scotland
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Journal Article

Flood-generated hyperpycnal delta front sands of the Brora Arenaceous Formation (upper Callovian–middle Oxfordian) of the Inner Moray Firth, Scotland, record the onset of rifting

Finn Surlyk, Rikke Bruhn
Published: 18 September 2020
Scottish Journal of Geology (2020) 56 (2): 159–174.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-004
...Fig. 3. Summary log of the Middle Jurassic stratigraphy along the Helmsdale Fault, onshore the Inner Moray Firth. Modified from Hurst (1993) . The upper Callovian–middle Oxfordian Brora Arenaceous Formation was deposited during the transition from shallow-marine deposition during tectonically...
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View PDF for article title, Flood-generated hyperpycnal delta front sands of the Brora Arenaceous Formation (upper Callovian–middle Oxfordian) of the Inner Moray Firth, Scotland, record the onset of rifting
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Journal Article

Palaeoecology and sedimentology across a Jurassic fault scarp, NE Scotland

P. B. WIGNALL, K. T. PICKERING
Published: 01 April 1993
Journal of the Geological Society (1993) 150 (2): 323–340.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0323
... of this important area (adjacent to some North Sea oilfields) to be elucidated. A broad, shallow marine, sub-tropical, shelf was disrupted by the onset of normal faulting along the Helmsdale fault in earliest Kimmeridgian times. Initially, water depths remained shallow on the hanging wall, reflected by a normal...
View PDF for article title, Palaeoecology and sedimentology across a Jurassic <span class="search-highlight">fault</span> scarp, NE Scotland
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Journal Article

The structural and diagenetic evolution of injected sandstones: examples from the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland

R. Jonk, D. Duranti, J. Parnell, A. Hurst, A.E. Fallick
Published: 01 December 2003
Journal of the Geological Society (2003) 160 (6): 881–894.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764902-091
...R. Jonk; D. Duranti; J. Parnell; A. Hurst; A.E. Fallick Abstract Injected sandstones occurring in the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland along the bounding Great Glen and Helmsdale faults formed when basinal fluids moved upward along the fault zones, fluidizing Oxfordian sands encountered at shallow depth...
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View PDF for article title, The structural and diagenetic evolution of injected sandstones: examples from the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland
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Image
Photographs of Jurassic outcrops near Helmsdale. (a) Jurassic ‘Boulder Beds’ in contact with Helmsdale Granite. (b) Syntectonic Jurassic conglomerate containing clasts of Devonian strata and extensional calcite veins. (c) Sigmoidal calcite veins left-laterally offsetting Jurassic strata and striking parallel to Helmsdale Fault.

Photographs of Jurassic outcrops near Helmsdale. ( a ) Jurassic ‘Boulder Be...

Published: 22 April 2013
strata and striking parallel to Helmsdale Fault.
Image
Sketch map of geology at sea bed, note that Tertiary and Chalk are absent in the Inner Moray Firth. HF, Helmsdale Fault; GGF, Great Glen Fault; WF, Wick Fault. Seismic line A–A′ is Fig. 4.

Sketch map of geology at sea bed, note that Tertiary and Chalk are absent i...

Published: 01 September 2000
Fig. 3. Sketch map of geology at sea bed, note that Tertiary and Chalk are absent in the Inner Moray Firth. HF, Helmsdale Fault; GGF, Great Glen Fault; WF, Wick Fault. Seismic line A–A′ is Fig. 4 .
Image
Interpretation of the depositional environment of the Clynelish Quarry Sandstone Member. The Sandstone comprises subaqueous delta-scale clinoforms and lobes prograding away from the Helmsdale Fault during onset of rifting. 1 indicates the position of Strathsteven, 2 of Braamberry and Clynelish quarries and Fascally, and 3 of Cawcrask.

Interpretation of the depositional environment of the Clynelish Quarry Sand...

Published: 18 September 2020
Fig. 17. Interpretation of the depositional environment of the Clynelish Quarry Sandstone Member. The Sandstone comprises subaqueous delta-scale clinoforms and lobes prograding away from the Helmsdale Fault during onset of rifting. 1 indicates the position of Strathsteven, 2 of Braamberry
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Simplified geological map of the study area, modified from Trewin (1990). Location shown in Figure 1. The localities are situated on a down-dip transect perpendicular to the Helmsdale Fault from the Braamberry and Clynelish quarries and along the Brora River and the coast. H1 etc. indicate the position of localities described in Hurst (1993).

Simplified geological map of the study area, modified from Trewin (1990) ....

Published: 18 September 2020
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the study area, modified from Trewin (1990) . Location shown in Figure 1 . The localities are situated on a down-dip transect perpendicular to the Helmsdale Fault from the Braamberry and Clynelish quarries and along the Brora River and the coast. H1 etc
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(a) Map showing the position of the study area within the framework of the main Jurassic North Sea rift basins. Present land areas are indicated with a dotted pattern. The location of the now decommissioned Beatrice oil field is indicated with a dotted oval. (b) Geosection through the Inner Moray Firth showing the half-graben geometry of the basin and the bounding Helmsdale Fault. Note that the main growth on the fault took place in the Late Jurassic. Tr, Triassic. Modified from Andrews et al. (1990).

( a ) Map showing the position of the study area within the framework of th...

Published: 18 September 2020
the Inner Moray Firth showing the half-graben geometry of the basin and the bounding Helmsdale Fault. Note that the main growth on the fault took place in the Late Jurassic. Tr, Triassic. Modified from Andrews et al. (1990) .
Image
Location of the study area (a) regional administrative boundaries [based on GISCO—Eurostat (European Commission) data, © EuroGeographics © UN-FAO © Turkstat] showing the location of (b) generalized tectonic map of Scotland and the northern North Sea region showing the main Mesozoic rift systems (blue shading; adapted after [56]). IMFB, Inner Moray Firth Basin; OMF, Outer Moray Firth Basin. GGFZ, Great Glen Fault Zone, HFZ, Helmsdale Fault Zone. Outline of the Orcadian Basin marked in dotted orange line (after [27]) and outline of the West Orkney Basin is marked in dotted purple line (after [57]). The studied exposures are indicated by the blue star.

Location of the study area ( a ) regional administrative boundaries [based ...

Published: 21 April 2025
rift systems (blue shading; adapted after [ 56 ]). IMFB, Inner Moray Firth Basin; OMF, Outer Moray Firth Basin. GGFZ, Great Glen Fault Zone, HFZ, Helmsdale Fault Zone. Outline of the Orcadian Basin marked in dotted orange line (after [ 27 ]) and outline of the West Orkney Basin is marked in dotted
Image
Logs of the Fascally Sandstone and Clynelish Quarry Sandstone members on the south bank of River Brora (H4 and 5 in Fig. 2). The sections, approximately 300 m apart and located more or less along strike of the Helmsdale Fault, can be correlated by a fine-grained marker bed. Notice the change in style of the sandstones from amalgamated, non-graded, structureless beds at Fascally to structureless, top-graded beds at Cawcrask.

Logs of the Fascally Sandstone and Clynelish Quarry Sandstone members on th...

Published: 18 September 2020
Fig. 5. Logs of the Fascally Sandstone and Clynelish Quarry Sandstone members on the south bank of River Brora (H4 and 5 in Fig. 2 ). The sections, approximately 300 m apart and located more or less along strike of the Helmsdale Fault, can be correlated by a fine-grained marker bed. Notice
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Regional map of the major geological units, Caledonian faults and plutonic complexes in Scotland. Abbreviations are as follows: EL, Ericht‐Laidon Fault; FO, Foyle Fault; G, Garabal Fault; GGFZ, Great Glen Fault Zone; H, Helmsdale Fault; HBF, Highland Boundary Fault; K, Killin Fault; LA, Laggan Fault; LE, Leannan Fault; LT, Loch Tay Fault; MTZ, Moine Thrust Zone; OHF, Outer Hebrides Fault; SG, Strathglass Fault; SC, Strathconon Fault; SU, Southern Uplands Fault; T, Tyndrum Fault; WBF, Walls Boundary Fault; W, Wick Fault. Note that the Great Glen Fault Zone is widely believed to link to the NE with the Walls Boundary Fault, and to the SE with the Leannan Fault.

Regional map of the major geological units, Caledonian faults and plutonic ...

Published: 01 September 2001
Fig. 1 Regional map of the major geological units, Caledonian faults and plutonic complexes in Scotland. Abbreviations are as follows: EL, Ericht‐Laidon Fault; FO, Foyle Fault; G, Garabal Fault; GGFZ, Great Glen Fault Zone; H, Helmsdale Fault; HBF, Highland Boundary Fault; K, Killin Fault; LA
Image
(a) Tectonic map of Scotland and the Northern North Sea region showing the main fault systems. The faults mentioned in the text are shown in red. The outline of the Orcadian Basin is marked by the dotted orange line and the outline of the West Orkney Basin is marked by the dotted purple line; the red box shows the location of part (b). (b) Simplified regional geological map of the northwestern coast of the Inner Moray Firth Basin showing onshore study areas (red boxes). (c) Summary of onshore stratigraphy (modified after Trewin and Hurst 2009). Not to scale, with notional relative thicknesses shown. GGFZ, Great Glen Fault Zone; HFZ, Helmsdale Fault Zone; IMBF, Inner Moray Firth Basin; OMF, Outer Moray Firth; ORS, Old Red Sandstone. Source: part (a) from Tamas et al. (2022a).

( a ) Tectonic map of Scotland and the Northern North Sea region showing th...

Published: 18 September 2023
relative thicknesses shown. GGFZ, Great Glen Fault Zone; HFZ, Helmsdale Fault Zone; IMBF, Inner Moray Firth Basin; OMF, Outer Moray Firth; ORS, Old Red Sandstone. Source: part (a) from Tamas et al. (2022 a ).
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Summary of dating results against local and key regional events after (1) present study, (2) Underhill (1991), (3) Thomson and Hillis (1995), (4) Zanella and Coward (2003), (5) Le Breton et al. (2013), (6) Holgate (1969), (7) Argent et al. (2002), (8) Hillis et al. (1994), (9) Andrews et al. (1990), (10) Davies et al. (2001), (11) Underhill and Brodie (1993), (12) Tamas et al. (2022b), (13) Tamas et al. (2022a), (14) Kemp et al. (2019), (15) Tamas et al. (2023). GGF, Great Glen Fault; GGFS, Great Glen Fault splay at Shandwick; HF, Helmsdale Fault; IMFB, Inner Moray Firth Basin.

Summary of dating results against local and key regional events after (1) p...

Published: 18 September 2023
, Helmsdale Fault; IMFB, Inner Moray Firth Basin.
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Regional structural framework map. Bathymetry shown in the offshore, with red denoting shallow and yellow and green denoting deep. All known and postulated Mesozoic faults are mapped, although not all would have been active during the deposition of the Middle Jurassic Bearreraig Sandstone Formation and even those that were active are unlikely to have been of this length. Faults are all taken from Roberts &amp; Holdsworth (1999). BNLF/AF, Beinn na Leac Fault/Applecross Fault; CF, Camasunary Fault; ELF, Ericht-Laidnon Fault; GGF, Great Glen Fault; HF, Helmsdale Fault; KHF, Kinlochourn Fault; LSF, Loch Shiel Fault; MF, Minch Fault; SCF, Strathconnon Fault; SF, Screapadal Fault; SGF, Strathglass Fault; SHF/KF, Scalpay House Fault/Kishorn Fault; SVF, Skerryvore Fault; TF, Tyndrum Fault. Lines of Section A–A′ and B–B′ are shown in Figure 6.

Regional structural framework map. Bathymetry shown in the offshore, with r...

Published: 29 April 2019
Formation and even those that were active are unlikely to have been of this length. Faults are all taken from Roberts & Holdsworth (1999) . BNLF/AF, Beinn na Leac Fault/Applecross Fault; CF, Camasunary Fault; ELF, Ericht-Laidnon Fault; GGF, Great Glen Fault; HF, Helmsdale Fault; KHF, Kinlochourn Fault
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Map of Scotland showing post-Ordovician geology and faults with evidence of post-Ordovician activity, and locations of samples used in this study (Fyfe et al. 1993; Stoker et al. 1993). Although Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks are mainly restricted to the present-day offshore basins, sedimentary and volcanic outliers of Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Late Triassic, Jurassic and Late Cretaceous age occur along the NW coast. CB, Canna Basin; CF, Colonsay Fault; CL, Clisham; GGF, Great Glen Fault; HBF, Highland Boundary Fault; HF, Helmsdale Fault; HS, Hebrides Shelf; IMF, Inner Moray Firth; LMT, Little Minch Trough; M, Mull; MF, Minch Fault; NH, Northern Highlands; NMB, North Minch Basin; OH, Outer Hebrides; S, Skye; SBHF, Solan Bank High Fault; SD, Sgorr Dhonuill; SOHB, Sea of Hebrides Basin; SKF, Skerryvore Fault; STF, Strathconon Fault; WF, Wick Fault; WFB, West Flannan Basin; WLB, West Lewis Basin; WOB, West Orkney Basin; WSB, West Shetland Basin.

Map of Scotland showing post-Ordovician geology and faults with evidence of...

Published: 01 July 2010
, sedimentary and volcanic outliers of Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Late Triassic, Jurassic and Late Cretaceous age occur along the NW coast. CB, Canna Basin; CF, Colonsay Fault; CL, Clisham; GGF, Great Glen Fault; HBF, Highland Boundary Fault; HF, Helmsdale Fault; HS, Hebrides Shelf; IMF, Inner Moray