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NARROW
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Europe
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Grunbach Formation
The pterosaurian remains from the Grünbach Formation (Campanian, Gosau Group) of Austria: a reappraisal of ‘ Ornithocheirus buenzeli ’
Vein density ( D v ) probability curves of eight paleofloras (in gray) com...
Abstract The interplay of Late Cretaceous basin subsidence and oscillations in sea level produced a mixed freshwater–marine succession within the Upper Cretaceous Gosau Group of the Northern Calcareous Alps. Cored sections from wells of the Glinzendorf and Gießhübl Syncline, as well as sediments from the outcrop area of Grünbach–Neue Welt and Slovakian equivalents have been investigated for their stable isotopic composition. Bulk carbonate δ 13 C and δ 18 O values of 116 fine-grained samples (shales, siltstones, marls) and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of 10 samples from the borehole Markgrafneusiedl T1 were analysed in order to distinguish between non-marine and marine deposits and to compare and correlate isotope characteristics of the different Gosau synclines and basins. Non-marine samples have significantly lower mean δ 13 C values compared to the mean of marine samples. The discrimination between a marine and non-marine group using δ 18 O is also highly significant statistically, even though the difference between the average non-marine and marine values is small. Strontium isotope values of marine intervals are near the range of values of normal Upper Cretaceous sea water but show a trend towards higher ratios in marginal marine and non-marine deposits. Although diagenesis and the detrital carbonate admixture partly influence the isotopic composition, the original environmental signal can still be reliably identified.
Variations in angiosperm leaf vein density have implications for interpreting life form in the fossil record
Implication of Weathering, Climatic Condition and Tectonic Setting of Source Rocks on the Geochemical Behaviour of Quaternary Sediments of the Ganga-Yamuna Interfluve in and around Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Basement-involved reactivation in foreland fold-and-thrust belts: the Alpine–Carpathian Junction (Austria)
Abstract A scientific session on ‘Isotopic studies in Cretaceous research’ was held within the framework of the European Geoscience Union (EGU), Isotope Group, in Vienna, in 2010. The idea summarizing the topics in a book materialized during EGU 2010, and we are grateful to Pier de Groot for a very well-organized session. The participants to this book present a broad range of studies grouped in marine sections (including OAE events, and the Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary), mixed marine–freshwater, as well as continental records. The investigated profiles are found worldwide, from Europe (Austria, Romania, Spain), Asia (China), South America (Brazil, Colombia) and North America (USA), and are spanning from the Early Cretaceous to the Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary. This Special Publication is addressed to the scientific investigator interested in isotopic studies combined with geochemical, palaeontological and mineralogical proxies, and based on fieldwork in order to elucidate various aspects of Cretaceous palaeoceanography and continental environmental conditions. The isotopic analytical investigations used in the different studies included in this volume comprise: carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates (calcite and siderite); carbon isotopic composition of bulk organic matter or individual biomarkers in sediments; oxygen isotopic composition of phosphates; oxygen isotopic composition of silicate minerals and whole rock; hydrogen isotopic composition of silicates and whole rock; and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio of minerals, carbonates and whole rock.
Abstract A Late Cretaceous (Campanian) leaf megaflora from the Vomb Trough in southern Skåne, Sweden, has been investigated on the basis of collections held at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The main plant-bearing locality is Köpinge, but single specimens originate from Högestad, Ingelstorp, Rödmölla, Svenstorps mölla and Tosterup. The fossil flora is dominated by the angiosperm (eudicot) Debeya ( Dewalquea ) haldemiana (Debey ex de Saporta & Marion) Halamski. Other dicots are cf. Dryophyllum sp., Ettingshausenia sp., Rarytkinia ? sp., Dicotylophyllum friesii (Nilsson) comb. nov. and Salicites wahlbergii (Nilsson) Hisinger. Conifers are represented by cf. Aachenia sp. (cone scales), Pagiophyllum sp. and Cyparissidium sp. (leaves). Single poorly preserved specimens of ferns and monocots have also been identified. The terrestrial palynomorphs (the focus herein) clearly link to the megaflora, although with different relative abundances. The fern spore Cyathidites dominates along with the conifer pollen Perinopollenites elatoides and Classopollis . Angiosperm pollen comprise up to 15% of the assemblage, represented by monocolpate, tricolpate and periporate pollen and the extinct Normapolles group. The spores in the kerogen residue show a thermal alteration index (TAI) of 2+. The flora probably represents mainly a coastal lowland Debeya /conifer forest, and is similar to approximately coeval assemblages from analogous palaeo-communities described from eastern Poland, western Ukraine and Westphalia.
Essay Reviews, Book Reviews, Interesting Publications, Author Guidelines, Treasurer’s Report, HESS matters, Forthcoming Articles
Cretaceous
What Is the Use of the History of Geology to a Practicing Geologist? The Propaedeutical Case of Stratigraphy
Cretaceous
Abstract During the Cretaceous (145.5-65.5 Ma; Gradstein et al. 2004 ). Central Europe was part of the European continental plate, which was bordered by the North Atlantic ocean and the Arctic Sea to the NW and north, the Bay of Biscay to the SW, the northern branch of the Tethys Ocean to the south, and by the East European Platform to the east ( Fig. 15.1 ). The evolution of sedimentary basins was influenced by the interplay of two main global processes: plate tectonics and eustatic sea-level change. Plate tectonic reconfigurations resulted in the widening of the Central Atlantic, and the opening of the Bay of Biscay. The South Atlantic opening caused a counter-clockwise rotation of Africa, which was coeval with the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Both motions terminated the Permian-Early Cretaceous North Sea rifting and placed Europe in a transtensional stress field. The long-term eustatic sea-level rise resulted in the highest sea level during Phanerozoic times ( haq et al. 1988;Hardenbol et al. 1998 ). Large epicontinental shelf areas were flooded as a consequence of elevated spreading rates of mid-ocean ridges and intra-oceanic plateau volcanism, causing the development of extended epicontinental shelf seas and shelf-sea basins ( Hays & pitman 1973 ; Larson 1991 ). A new and unique lithofacies type, the pelagic chalk, was deposited in distal parts of the individual basins. Chalk deposition commenced during middle Cenomanian-early Turanian times. Chalk consists almost exclusively of the remains of planktonic coccolithophorid algae and other pelagic organisms, and its great thickness reflects a high rate of production of the algal tests. The bulk of the grains are composed of lowmagnesium calcite, representing coccolith debris with a subordinate amount of foraminifers, calcispheres, small invertebrates and shell fragments of larger invertebrates ( Håkansson et al. 1974 ; Surlyk & Birkelund 1977 ; Nygaard et al. 1983 ; Hancock 1975 , 1993 ).
Fossil fuels, ore and industrial minerals
Abstract The mining of metallic and non-metallic commodities in Central Europe has a history of more than 2000 years. Today mainly non-metallic commodities, fossil fuels and construction raw materials play a vital role for the people living in Central Europe. Construction raw materials, albeit the most significant raw material, are not considered further here; for details refer to thematic maps issued by local geological surveys and comprehensive studies such as the textbook by Prentice (1990) . Even if many deposits in Central Europe, especially metallic deposits, are no longer extensive by world standards, the huge number and variety of deposits in Central Europe is unique and allows the student of metallogenesis to reconstruct the geological history of Central Europe from the Late Precambrian to the Recent in a way best described as ‘minerostratigraphy’. The term ‘deposit’ is used in this review for sites which were either mined in the twentieth century or are still being operated. A few sites that underwent exploration or trial mining have also been included in order to clarify certain concentration processes. They are mentioned explicitly in the text to avoid confusion with real deposits. Tonnage and grade are reported in the text only for the most important deposits. Production data for the year 2005 are listed in Table 21.1 for the countries under consideration. Reserves and production data of hydrocarbons in Central European basins are given in Table 21.2 . In the present study, Central Europe covers the Variscan core zones in the extra-Alpine part of Central Europe stretching from eastern France (Massif Central) into Poland where the contact between the Variscan Orogen and the Baltic Shield is concealed by a thick pile of platform sediments. In a north-south direction, Central Europe stretches from central Denmark to the southern boundary of the Po Plain in Italy, making the entire Variscan Foreland Basin, the Alpine Mountain Range, the Western Carpathians and the North Dinarides part of the study area. An outline of the geological and geographical settings is shown in Figure 21.1 . The precise geographical position of mineral sites, wells of special interest, hydrocarbon provinces, oil shale deposits and coal fields may be deduced from Tables 21.3 to 21.11 and the map ‘Mineral and energy resources of Central Europe’, at a scale 1:2 500 000 (see CD inside back cover).