Grizzly Peak Caldera

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Book Chapter

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of a Mineralized System in the Grizzly Peak Caldera, Colorado: Implications for Exploration and Acid Drainage Baselines

Author(s)

David W. Coulter, Phoebe L. Hauff, Mathew A. Sares, David A. Bird, Douglas C. Peters, Fredrick B. Henderson, III

Book: Remote Sensing and Spectral Geology

Series: Reviews in Economic Geology

Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists

Published: 01 January 2009

DOI: 10.5382/Rev.16.10

EISBN: 9781629490236

... Abstract The mineralogy of a leach cap over a subeconomic Mo-Cu porphyry deposit in the Grizzly Peak caldera in the central Colorado Rocky Mountains provides evidence of mineralization and indications of natural acid drainage potential. Airborne hyperspectral imaging (HSI) remote sensing...

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Abstract

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Abstract The mineralogy of a leach cap over a subeconomic Mo-Cu porphyry deposit in the Grizzly Peak caldera in the central Colorado Rocky Mountains provides evidence of mineralization and indications of natural acid drainage potential. Airborne hyperspectral imaging (HSI) remote sensing is used to construct a spatially complete map of the leach-cap iron and clay minerals within the mineralized, acid-generating alteration zone. The mixtures of jarosite, goethite, and hematite provide direct indications of mineralization and acid source locations. The clay minerals illite (sericite), kaolinite, dickite, and pyrophyllite further characterize the alteration and appear to correlate with acid seeps. The illite chemistry is analyzed by mapping chemical substitutions of iron for aluminum and is highly correlated with acid sources. When integrated with mapped and interpreted structures, the controls on the acid drainage are revealed.

Journal Article

Structural, eruptive, and intrusive evolution of the Grizzly Peak caldera, Sawatch Range, Colorado

C. J. FRIDRICH, R. P. SMITH, ED DEWITT, E. H. MCKEE

Journal: GSA Bulletin

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 01 September 1991

GSA Bulletin (1991) 103 (9): 1160–1177.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1160:SEAIEO>2.3.CO;2

...C. J. FRIDRICH; R. P. SMITH; ED DEWITT; E. H. MCKEE Abstract Volcanic and shallow intrusive features of the deeply dissected 34 Ma Grizzly Peak caldera in west-central Colorado record evolution of the magmatic center from pre-caldera through post-resurgent stages. Pre-caldera dikes, zones...

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Simplified maps showing relevant igneous complexes, major rift basins, and ...

in Spatio-Temporal Shifts in Magmatism and Mineralization in Northern Colorado Beginning in the Late Eocene > Economic Geology

Published: 01 June 2021

, GP = Grizzly Peak caldera, Ko = Kokomo, M = Marshall caldera, MA = Mount Aetna caldera, Mm = Middle Mountain = Winfield, MPB = Mount Princeton batholith, SE = St. Elmo district, TLP = Twin Lakes pluton, Tq = Turquoise Lake.

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Maps showing the location of the study area, as well as simplified geology....

in Fluorine-rich mafic lower crust in the southern Rocky Mountains: The role of pre-enrichment in generating fluorine-rich silicic magmas and porphyry Mo deposits > American Mineralogist

Published: 01 September 2023

locations (see Online Materials 1 Table S3 for sample summaries and coordinates). BC = Brown’s Canyon district; C = Climax Mo deposit; GPC = Grizzly Peak caldera; H = Henderson Mo deposit; MAC = Mount Aetna caldera; ME = Mount Emmons Mo deposit; MP = Montezuma pluton; MPB = Mount Princeton batholith; Q

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Summary of previous and newly presented geochronology relating magmatism, l...

in Spatio-Temporal Shifts in Magmatism and Mineralization in Northern Colorado Beginning in the Late Eocene > Economic Geology

Published: 01 June 2021

(See text for discussion). Bz = Bonanza caldera, GP = Grizzly Peak caldera, M = Marshall caldera, MA = Mount Aetna caldera, WM = Wall Mountain Tuff.

Journal Article

Compositional layers in the zoned magma chamber of the Grizzly Peak Tuff

Christopher J. Fridrich, Gail A. Mahood

Journal: Geology

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 01 April 1987

Geology (1987) 15 (4): 299–303.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<299:CLITZM>2.0.CO;2

... a consequence of the tapping process. We interpret the seven fiamme groups as seven separately converting layers in a density-stratified magma reservoir tapped by eruption of the Grizzly Peak Tuff. Excluding the thin heterogeneous tuff horizons, ∼3 km of caldera fill is drawn from the three most silicic layers...

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Journal Article

Reverse zoning in the resurgent intrusions of the Grizzly Peak cauldron, Sawatch Range, Colorado

CHRISTOPHER J. FRIDRICH, GAIL A. MAHOOD

Journal: GSA Bulletin

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 01 July 1984

GSA Bulletin (1984) 95 (7): 779–787.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<779:RZITRI>2.0.CO;2

...CHRISTOPHER J. FRIDRICH; GAIL A. MAHOOD Abstract The deeply eroded Grizzly Peak cauldron, 17 by 23 km and source of the 34-m.y.-old Grizzly Peak Tuff, is located in the Sawatch Range in west-central Colorado. The Lincoln Gulch composite stock is exposed in the core of a resurgent dome...

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Journal Article

Fluorine-rich mafic lower crust in the southern Rocky Mountains: The role of pre-enrichment in generating fluorine-rich silicic magmas and porphyry Mo deposits

Joshua M. Rosera, Ryan E. Frazer, Ryan D. Mills, Kristin Jacob, Sean P. Gaynor, Drew S. Coleman, G. Lang Farmer

Journal: American Mineralogist

Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America

Published: 01 September 2023

American Mineralogist (2023) 108 (9): 1573–1596.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8503

... locations (see Online Materials 1 Table S3 for sample summaries and coordinates). BC = Brown’s Canyon district; C = Climax Mo deposit; GPC = Grizzly Peak caldera; H = Henderson Mo deposit; MAC = Mount Aetna caldera; ME = Mount Emmons Mo deposit; MP = Montezuma pluton; MPB = Mount Princeton batholith; Q...

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Age-distance-volume plot, southward progression of Tertiary ignimbrite-cald...

in Eruptive and noneruptive calderas, northeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Where did the ignimbrites come from? > GSA Bulletin

Published: 01 July 2008

Figure 16. Age-distance-volume plot, southward progression of Tertiary ignimbrite-caldera volcanism, Southern Rocky Mountains Volcanic Field (SRMVF). Abbreviations: AT—Amalia Tuff; B—Bonanza Tuff; BC—Badger Creek Tuff; CP—Chiquito Peak Tuff; CR—Carpenter Ridge Tuff; FC—Fish Canyon Tuff; GP

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Relations among regional gravity lows, Middle Tertiary <span class="search-highlight">calderas</span>, and associ...

Relations among regional gravity lows, Middle Tertiary calderas, and associ...

in Ignimbrites to batholiths: Integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data > Geosphere

Published: 01 June 2015

and Smithson, 1976 ; Case and Sikora, 1984 ) encloses earlier calderas of the Sawatch Range trend (Princeton, Aetna, Grizzly Peak) and trends northeast along the Colorado mineral belt (arrows). Most individual calderas have little or no gravity expression, probably because any shallow low-density fill has

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Map of the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (SRMVF) and Rio Grande ri...

in Magmato-tectonic links: Ignimbrite calderas, regional dike swarms, and the transition from arc to rift in the Southern Rocky Mountains > Geosphere

Published: 30 September 2019

Cenozoic (Laramide) intrusions of the Colorado Mineral Belt. Calderas: B—Bachelor; Bz—Bonanza; C—Cochetopa Park; Cr—Creede; GP—Grizzly Peak; LGn—La Garita, north segment; LGs—La Garita, south segment; M—Marshall; MA—Mount Aetna; NP—North Pass; Pl—Platoro; S—Silverton; SL—San Luis complex; SR—South River

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Generalized maps showing preserved remnants of composite Southern Rocky Mou...

in Ignimbrites to batholiths: Integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data > Geosphere

Published: 01 June 2015

) . (A) Ignimbrite calderas, associated granitic intrusions, inferred original extent of once nearly continuous mid-Tertiary volcanic cover, and later Tertiary sedimentary fill of the Rio Grande rift zone. Calderas and associated intrusions: B—Bachelor; Bz—Bonanza; Cr—Creede; C—Cochetopa Park; GP—Grizzly Peak; LG—La

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Generalized maps showing preserved remnants of composite Southern Rocky Mou...

in Ignimbrites to batholiths: Integrating perspectives from geological, geophysical, and geochronological data > Geosphere

Published: 01 June 2015

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Map of Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, showing ignimbrite <span class="search-highlight">calderas</span>,...

Map of Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, showing ignimbrite calderas,...

in An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado > Geosphere

Published: 01 December 2015

of the Bonanza area (green dashed line). Arrows indicate trend of Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary (Laramide) intrusions of the Colorado Mineral Belt. Calderas: Bz—Bonanza; B—Bachelor; C—Cochetopa Park; Cr—Creede; GP—Grizzly Peak; LGn—La Garita north segment; LGs—La Garita, south segment; M—Marshall; MA—Mount

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Age-location-volume plot, showing southward progression of Tertiary ignimbr...

in An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado > Geosphere

Published: 01 December 2015

—increasing cumulative eruptive volume (right axis). Inset—slopes corresponding to different cumulative eruption rates. Abbreviations: AT—Amalia Tuff; B—Bonanza Tuff; BC—Badger Creek Tuff; CP—Chiquito Peak Tuff; CR—Carpenter Ridge Tuff; FC—Fish Canyon Tuff; GP—Grizzly Peak Tuff; LJ—La Jara Canyon Tuff; BCr

Journal Article

Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers: Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field

Peter W. Lipman

Journal: Geosphere

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 01 February 2007

Geosphere (2007) 3 (1): 42–70.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00061.1

... postcaldera intrusions (34.1–29.6 Ma; McIntosh and Chapin, 2004 ). Thus, the Wall Mountain–Badger Creek eruptive cycles record activity of a sustained magmatic system active intermittently for at least 6 m.y. A third center, the Grizzly Peak caldera, centered 50 km north of Mount Aetna (Fig. 1) , erupted...

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Journal Article

An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado

Peter W. Lipman, Matthew J. Zimmerer, William C. McIntosh

Journal: Geosphere

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 01 December 2015

Geosphere (2015) 11 (6): 1902–1947.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01184.1

... of the Bonanza area (green dashed line). Arrows indicate trend of Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary (Laramide) intrusions of the Colorado Mineral Belt. Calderas: Bz—Bonanza; B—Bachelor; C—Cochetopa Park; Cr—Creede; GP—Grizzly Peak; LGn—La Garita north segment; LGs—La Garita, south segment; M—Marshall; MA—Mount...

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Journal Article

The submarine eruption and emplacement of the Lower Rhyolitic Tuff Formation (Ordovician), N Wales

M. F. HOWELLS, A. J. REEDMAN, S. D. G. CAMPBELL

Journal: Journal of the Geological Society

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 01 May 1986

Journal of the Geological Society (1986) 143 (3): 411–423.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.143.3.0411

... Caldera, Lipman 1983). Asymmetric, trapdoor-type subsidence of the caldera floor, followed by asymmetric uplift, greatest in the area of thickest tuff accumulation, is seen in the Platoro Caldera (Lipman 1975) and the Grizzly Peak Caldera (Fridrich 1983). Walker (1984) has pointed out that many subaerial...

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Map of Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, showing locations of early i...

in Precursors to a continental-arc ignimbrite flare-up: Early central volcanoes of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA > Geosphere

Published: 20 December 2023

line). Arrows indicate trend of Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary (Laramide) intrusions of the Colorado Mineral Belt. Calderas: Bz—Bonanza; B—Bachelor; C—Cochetopa Park; Cr—Creede; GP—Grizzly Peak; LGn—La Garita, north segment; LGs—La Garita, south segment; M—Marshall; MA—Mount Aetna; NP—North Pass; Pl

Journal Article

The Late Cretaceous Middle Fork caldera, its resurgent intrusion, and enduring landscape stability in east-central Alaska

Charles R. Bacon, Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, John N. Aleinikoff, John F. Slack

Journal: Geosphere

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 01 December 2014

Geosphere (2014) 10 (6): 1432–1455.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01037.1

... intrusions but not to have removed intracaldera tuff (e.g., Grizzly Peak, Fridrich et al., 1991 ). The Middle Fork caldera ( Bacon and Lanphere, 1996 ), named for the Middle Fork of the North Fork of the Fortymile River, is such a resurgent caldera structure that encompasses a 10 km × 20 km area of rhyolite...

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