... the diagenetic environments involved. Diagenetic features of multiple pore-water changes (herein termed early-diagenetic oscillation) depend on whether substrates were loosely or firmly cemented. (1) In loosely cemented beach sands (Belmont Group, Grape Bay) truncated layers of Mg-bearing low-Mg calcite covered...

...FIGURE 6. Corrugations typical of molds of palmetto fronds at Grape Bay, Bermuda. The hammer handle in the lower left of the photo is 3.5 cm wide. ...

...Fig. 4. Maps showing known and inferred 1855 earthquake features with respect to the position of ‘Lyell's fault' (locality F ), NW corner of Palliser Bay (modified after Grapes & Downes 1997 , fig. 12). (See Fig. 1 for location.) The ‘Mukamuka Fault' and another north–south-trending fault...

...Jonathan P. Swinchatt; David G. Howell; Sarah L. MacDonald The physical parameters of terroir are scale dependent. At the regional scale, climate is paramount and relates to the grape varietals most suited to the setting. Intermediate factors include geologic setting, sun exposure, and topography...

..., vineyard “X” with a particular slope, elevation, sun angle, and soil type may produce better wine than vineyard “Y”, whereas the reverse may be true in years that are cooler and wetter. Finally, there are human controlled variables such as grape variety, rootstock, canopy management, fertilisation...

...Lawrence D. Meinert Terroir involves the complex interplay of climate, soil, geology, and viticulture, all of which influence the character and quality of a wine from a given grape variety, rootstock, and viticultural practice. Contrary to the assertions of some wine writers, the minerals...

...Cornelis van Leeuwen; Laure de Rességuier A “terroir” is a cultivated ecosystem in which the vine interacts with the soil and the climate. The soil influences vine phenology and grape ripening through soil temperature, water supply and mineral supply. Limited water supply to the vines is critical...

... fatality burden caused by earthquakes when compared with other areas of similar seismicity ( Nichols et al., 2000 ). The two most deadly New Zealand earthquakes, being the Hawke’s Bay earthquake ( M w 7.4) and the 2011 Christchurch earthquake ( M w 6.2), resulted in 256 and 185 fatalities, respectively...

... to both environmental and cultural factors that together influence the grape growing to wine production continuum. While the landscape, geology, and soil strongly interact to influence a vine's balance of nutrients and water, it is the climate that is critical because it is this that limits where...

... in this contribution. Pyrometamorphism of xenoliths (XEN; p09 ): Thermally altered xenoliths are derived from both crustal and mantle sources subjected to high-temperature, low-pressure hornfels and sanidinite facies metamorphism by igneous melts ( Grapes 2006 ). Typically formed at temperatures above 900 °C...

..., the Ms ~8.2 Wairarapa fault event in 1855, resulted in uplift of the hanging wall of that dextral-reverse fault near the southern coast of the North Island ( Fig. 1A ) and in the generation of a set of tsunami waves up to ~9 m high ( Grapes and Downes, 1997 ). The coseismic uplift reached a maximum near...

.... At outcrop 416, a pronounced paleosurface with a relief of up to several metres is developed on limestones of the Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian Allen Bay Formation. The weathering surface is encrusted by a centimetre- to decimetre-thick zone of brownish to yellowish iron hydroxides. A possible...

...João Moreno; Francisco Fatela; Eduardo Leorri; Filipa Moreno Abstract A hydro-climatic reconstruction is proposed for the Minho region (NW Portugal), integrating two different proxies: grape harvest dates (GHD) as a proxy of temperature variations, and benthic marsh foraminifera as a proxy...