Puerto Rico and the northern Virgin Islands define the eastern terminus of the Greater Antilles, which extend eastward from offshore eastern Central America to the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc and mark the boundary between the Caribbean and North America plates. In Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the northern Virgin Islands, the Puerto Rico trench and the Muertos trough define the northern and southern limits of the plate boundary zone, respectively. Three microplates lie within the boundary zone: (1) the Gonave in the west; (2) the Hispaniola in the center; and (3) the Puerto Rico–northern Virgin Islands in the east. Results from Global Positioning System (GPS) geodesy conducted in the region since 1994 confirm the presence of an independently translating Puerto Rico–northern Virgin Islands microplate whose motion is 2.6 ± 2.0 mm/yr toward N82.5°W ± 34° (95%) with respect to the Caribbean. Geodetic data are consistent with east-west extension of several mm/yr from eastern Hispaniola to the eastern Virgin Islands. Extension increases westward with the most, 5 ± 3 mm/yr, accommodated in the Mona rift, confirming earlier GPS geodetic results. East-west extension of 3 ± 2 mm/yr also is observed across the island of Puerto Rico, consistent with composite focal mechanisms and regional epicentral distributions. Although the loci of extension are not known, similarity of GPS-derived velocities among sites in eastern Puerto Rico suggests the active structures lie west of the San Juan metropolitan area. Reactivation of the Great Northern and Southern Puerto Rico fault zones as oblique normal faults with right-lateral slip is a possibility. East-west extension of 2 ± 1 mm/yr also must exist between eastern Puerto Rico and Virgin Gorda, which likely is attached to the Caribbean plate. These extensional belts allow eastward transfer of slip between North America and the Caribbean from the southern part of the plate boundary zone in the west to the northern segment in the east. Motions along or across any of the individual subaerial structures of Puerto Rico are ≤2 mm/yr. The Lajas Valley in the southwest, where microseismicity is greatest, is the locus of highest permissible on-land deformation. Northwest-southeast to east-west extension of 2 ± 1 mm/yr is also observed across the Anegada Passage.