... ( Goldhammer et al. 1993 ; He et al. 1997 ). Lower Ordovician strata in basins throughout North America are composed dominantly of meter-scale shallowing-upward cycles that record high-frequency relative sea-level fluctuations. The thickness of the meter-scale cycles (fourth-order and fifth-order cycles...

... ). The importance of documenting and measuring spatial properties is highlighted by the inferred importance of the "facies mosaic" that has been interpreted on the basis of study of ancient tidal-flat successions ( Cloyd et al. 1990 ; Kozar et al. 1990 ; Goldhammer et al. 1993 ; Diedrich and Wilkinson 1999...

...., Carbonate Depositional Environments, Modern and Ancient, 3, Tidal Flats , Colorado School of Mines, Quarterly , v. 81 , p. 59 – 73 . Hardie , L.A. , Dunn , P.A. , and Goldhammer , R.K. , 1991 , Field and modelling studies of Cambrian carbonate cycles, Virginia Appalachian—Discussion...

... and attributed to orbital forcing in the Milankovitch frequency band ( Grotzinger 1986b ; Goldhammer et al. 1987 , 1990 ; Osleger and Read 1991 ). If we accept this as a likely mechanism, carbonate cycles potentially preserve important information on the nature and frequency of climatic changes and Earth's...

... , 113 . 109 – 128 . Gerhard , L. C. , 1972 , Canadian depositional environments and paleotectonics, central Colorado , in De Voto , R.H. , ed., Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Structural Evolution of Colorado : Colorado School of Mines Quarterly , 67 . 1 – 36 . Goldhammer , R. K...

... connection of the GOM Basin to the Pacific Ocean; and (4) Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Laramide Orogeny; uplift of the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico and the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in southeastern Mexico, and associated foredeep development ( Morán-Zenteno, 1994 ; Cantu-Chapa, 2001 ; Goldhammer...

... succession of genetically related beds or bedsets, bounded by marine flooding surfaces, and termed a “parasequence.” The same authors defined the marine flooding surface as “a surface across which there is evidence of a sharp increase in water depth.” Lehrmann and Goldhammer (1999) developed the definition...

..., climate change, and, mostly, eustatic fluctuations ( Sarg, 1988 ; Goldhammer et al., 1990 ; Kerans and Tinker, 1997 ; Strasser et al., 1999 ; Fischer et al., 2004 ). Carbonate platforms are typically characterized by meter-scale cycles, which are often evidence of high-frequency relative sea level...

... ( Pickard 2002 ). The Dales Gorge Member was subjected to metamorphic temperatures between 60 and 160 °C ( Gole 1980 ). The oldest BIF sample in this study is from the 2728 Ma chert-jasper-magnetite facies embedded in the uppermost section of Hunter Mine Group in Abitibi, Canada, which experienced...

... Paleontologia e Stratigrafia , v. 104 , p. 381 - 390 . Ginsburg , R.N. , 1971 , Landward movement of carbonate mud: new model for regressive cycles in carbonates (abstract) : American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin , v. 55 , p. 340 . Goldhammer , R.K. , Dunn , P.A...

... and fluctuating redox gradients. Redox gradients of these kinds provide a selective advantage to polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, the metabolism of which is linked to phosphogenesis in modern sediments ( Goldhammer et al., 2010 ). Oxygenated waters overlying reducing settings also make possible the so-called...

... were Floridan carbonates). The Klinkenberg permeabilities of the standards (corrected for inertial resistance) were determined at the Colorado School of Mines using a Core Laboratories, Inc., PDPK-200 instrument, which is a pressure-decay gas permeameter. The PDPK is similar to the minipermeameter...

... supplemented field-based lithologic descriptions. Sequence stratigraphic terminology follows Van Wagoner et al. (1990) and Lehrmann and Goldhammer (1999) . The term parasequence is used here for a unit bounded by flooding surfaces, without regard to unit thickness or internal facies transitions...

... in the Dolomites region of northern Italy ( Fig. 1 ). The platform was deposited during Ladinian time, on the western margin of the Tethys Ocean ( Goldhammer & Harris 1989 ; Egenhoff et al . 1999 ). The post-depositional subsidence of the platform is not well documented owing to the scarcity of Jurassic...

... Cambrian carbonate successions in North America and are interpreted as subtidal, medium- to high-energy biostructures ( Aitken, 1967 ; Demicco et al., 1982 ; Demicco, 1985 ; Chow and James, 1987 ; Read and Goldhammer, 1988 ; Cowan and James, 1993 ; Saltzman, 1999 ; Glumac and Walker, 1997 , 2000...

... ; Einsele and Weidmann 1983 ; Parrish et al. 1983 ). Marine phosphorites, however, have not been found in lower Cupido strata, no organic-rich horizons have been observed, and pyrite is also relatively rare. According to local residents of Bustamante, Nuevo Leon, the small, abandoned phosphorite "mine...

....  68 , p.  219 – 228 . Gibson , A. T. , 2014 , Paleoenvironmental analysis and reservoir characterization of the Late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation in Frio County, Texas, U.S.A., M.S. thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 136 p. Goldhammer , R. K. , 1999 , Mesozoic...

... identifies the approximate location of the schematic restoration section in Figure  7 . Closed arrows identify proposed marine gateways during the Callovian-Early Oxfordian linking the GOM with the Pacific, A — modified from Goldhammer (1999) , B — modified from Salvador (1991) and C — modified from...

... stages of basin filling. Figure 3 —Major Permian–Pennsylvanian stratigraphic units, southern Paradox basin. Adapted from Baars and Stevenson (1981) . The Paradox Formation is divided into four member zones or “stages” interpreted as third-order sequences ( Goldhammer et al., 1991...

... Mountains, where Howard et al. (1995) and Gerber et al. (1995) described the Goldhammer pluton, emplaced synchronous with intra-arc thrusting. To the south, within the North American craton, Howard and colleagues ( Howard, 2002 ; Mayo et al., 1998 ; Howard et al., 2013a , 2013b ) described...