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Journal Article

Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia Available to Purchase

Jordan A. McDivitt, Steffen G. Hagemann, Nicolas Thébaud, Laure A.J. Martin, Kai Rankenburg
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Economic Geology (2021) 116 (6): 1285–1308.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4836
...Jordan A. McDivitt; Steffen G. Hagemann; Nicolas Thébaud; Laure A.J. Martin; Kai Rankenburg Abstract The Golden Mile fault zone is a key controlling structure to the estimated 75 Moz gold endowment of the Kalgoorlie gold camp in the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia. The earliest structures...
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View PDF for article title, Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean <span class="search-highlight">Golden</span> <span class="search-highlight">Mile</span> <span class="search-highlight">Fault</span> <span class="search-highlight">Zone</span>, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Image
Study areas of the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Geologic map of the Golden Mile Super Pit, with the blue line denoting the location of the traverse along the Golden Mile fault zone that was undertaken during this study. (B) A level plan map (left) and vertical cross section (right) of Fimiston extension drilling, illustrating the Golden Mile fault zone intersections that were logged during this study. Stereonets (lower-hemisphere, equal-area) display contoured poles (1% area; start = 2%; CI = 2%) to foliation and Fimiston lode measurements from the Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines drill core database. (C) Cross section through the Golden Mile Super Pit and the Golden Mile fault zone (Section 1). Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020) and Mueller (2020a). (D) Cross section through the Golden Mile Super Pit and the Oroya shoot area (Section 2). Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020) and Mueller (2020a). (E) Equal area stereographic projection depicting the subdivision of Fimiston lodes into Main, Caunter, and Cross populations based on the lode geometries. Strike and dip are reported using the right-hand rule convention. Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020).

Study areas of the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Geologic map of the Golden M... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 2. Study areas of the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Geologic map of the Golden Mile Super Pit, with the blue line denoting the location of the traverse along the Golden Mile fault zone that was undertaken during this study. (B) A level plan map (left) and vertical cross section (right
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Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in diamond drill core. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) F1 folds (thin, white line) occur as rootless, isoclinal bedding transposition folds. The folds were refolded during the development of the NW-trending S2 cleavage (dashed, white line). Stereonet displays poles to S2 cleavage measurements from Golden Mile fault zone drill core. Unoriented (U) sample from DDH SCGD003B 1044.47 m. (B) Plane-polarized light photomicrograph of an F1 fold (thin, white line) transected and refolded by the S2 cleavage. Sample from DDH SCGD002A 1007.05 m. (C) Oblique view (O) displaying S2C-S2S fabric relationships that illustrate sinistral drag of S2S along S2C surfaces in a subhorizontal exposure (left), and normal drag of S2S along S2C surfaces in a subvertical exposure (right). Stereonets display the orientation of poles to sinistral shear bands (top) and poles normal shear bands (bottom). Sample from DDH SCGD001 1066.65 m. (D) Subvertical view (V) displaying the L2 aggregate lineation on the S2 cleavage plane. Stereonet illustrates the distribution of L2 lineation measurements from oriented drill core. Sample from DDH SCGD001 1066.65 m. (E) Subvertical section (V) displaying a sigmoidal S2S fabric recording normal deformation (S2 normal). The early S2 normal fabric is crosscut by low-angle veins that are folded and offset by stylolites (Sty) during a later stage of sinistral-reverse deformation when the S2 reverse fabric develops. Stereonet depicts the orientation of poles to sinistral-reverse shear bands. Sample from DDH SCGD001 1066.59 m. (F) Subhorizontal view (H) of mylonitic S3S and S3C fabrics related to D3 dextral deformation in the Golden Mile fault zone. The inset (upper left) displays earlier developed quartz strain shadows (blue dashed line) around a pyrite nodule (red dashed line). The strain shadows are folded axial planar to the S3S foliation. Stereonet displays poles to dextral shear bands. Sample from DDH SCGD002B 1022.10 m. (G) Oblique view (O) displaying shear band boudins related to sinistral-normal deformation (1). The development of F3 Z folds in the necks of the boudins (2) record a late dextral reactivation. Sample from DDH SCGD003B 1045.60 m. (H) Subhorizontal view (H) displaying sinistral S2S and S2C fabrics (2). The sinistral S2S fabrics locally define F3 Z folds related to overprinting D3 dextral deformation (3). Sample from DDH SCGD002A 1004.97 m. (I) Subvertical section displaying reverse shear bands developed in a zone of dextral shearing. Stereonet displays poles to dextral-reverse shear bands. Sample from DDH SCGD003B 1045.60 m.

Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone obs... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 4. Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in diamond drill core. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) F 1 folds (thin, white line) occur as rootless, isoclinal bedding transposition folds
Image
Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in traverse. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) Subhorizontal exposure displaying S2C and S2S fabrics. The S2S fabric is clockwise oblique to the S2C fabric and sigmoidal in a manner indicative of sinistral shearing. Stereonets display poles to sinistral shear bands (bottom left) and the relative geometry of S2C and S2S. (B) Subvertical exposure displaying an E-trending, subvertical carbonate-quartz vein boudinaged by normal deformation. Stereonet displays the orientation of the dragged S2 foliation and the vein. The lineations shown on the vein (blue) are boudin axes. (C) Subvertical section displaying a NW-striking, steeply SW-dipping normal fault (red line) with drag of the S2 cleavage visible in the footwall of the fault (white, dashed line). Stereonet displays the orientation of the normal fault and S2 cleavage as well as subvertical L2 lineations (red dots) that are developed in the footwall of the fault (see D). (D) Subvertical section in the footwall of the normal fault in C displaying subvertical L2 aggregate lineations. The inset is a plane-polarized light photomicrograph depicting an L2 lineation comprising a fine-grained aggregate of recrystallized quartz. (E) Stereonets depicting poles to S2C and S2S measurements as well as L2 lineation measurements. F. Subhorizontal exposure displaying the S1 cleavage folded axial planar to the S2 cleavage. The S2 cleavage is offset by a dextral shear band. The stereonet displays the orientations of dextral shear bands in the Golden Mile fault zone.

Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone obs... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 5. Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in traverse. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) Subhorizontal exposure displaying S 2 C and S 2 S fabrics. The S 2 S fabric is clockwise oblique
Image
Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone I. (A) Carbonate-quartz vein fragment that has been boudinaged and back-rotated during the development of sinistral, F2 S folds defined by S2 (white, dashed line). Sulfide-filled tensile fractures with a northeast trend and subvertical dip are developed in the boudinaged vein at a high angle to the S2 foliation. Sample from DDH SCGD003B 1045.60 m. (B) Sulfide mineralogy of the tensile fractures visible in A (reflected light); pyrrhotite (Po) is dominant with lesser chalcopyrite (Cpy) and sphalerite (Sph). (C) A scanning electron microscope-back-scattered electron (SEM-BSE) image of one of the tensile fractures visible in A displaying pyrrhotite (Po), Hg-Bi tellurides, and Ni-Sb-S mineral intergrown with ankerite (Ank). (D) Pyrite developed along the margin of the boudinaged vein visible in A (reflected light). (E) Plane/cross-polarized and reflected light images of a carbonate-quartz vein boudinaged in the S2 foliation plane during sinistral-normal deformation. The boudin necks are infilled with quartz, pyrite, and galena. Sample was collected during the field traverse. The stereonet displays the orientation of the thin section planes relative to the L2 aggregate lineation (L2 = parallel; L2′ = perpendicular); normal movement (i.e., southwest-side down) parallel to the S2 foliation is indicated by the switch from apparent dextral kinematics in the L2 parallel section to apparent sinistral kinematics in the L2′ parallel section. (F) Zone of high-density normal faults (plane-polarized light). The normal faults are infilled with pyrite (see inset; reflected light) and have resulted in micro horst-and-graben topography that facilitated the development of a collapse breccia (the lower limit of the breccia zone is shown by the dashed, red line). Sample from DDH SCGD002A 1006.70 m. (G) Reflected light image of the collapse breccia zone visible in F depicting abundant sulfide mineralization in the breccia. (H) Plane-polarized light close-up photomicrograph of normal faults visible in F. (I) scanning electron microscope-backscattered electron (SEM-BSE) image of the collapse breccia zone visible in F and G. The breccia is host to a sulfide assemblage of pyrrhotite (Po), chalcopyrite (Cpy), and galena (Ga).

Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone I. (A) Carbonate-quartz... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 6. Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone I. (A) Carbonate-quartz vein fragment that has been boudinaged and back-rotated during the development of sinistral, F 2 S folds defined by S 2 (white, dashed line). Sulfide-filled tensile fractures with a northeast trend
Image
Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone II. (A) Plane-polarized and reflected light images of pyrite-filled conjugate shear fractures with an acute bisector (i.e., shortening) at a high angle to the S2 foliation. One of the conjugate veins defines an F2 S fold (see inset). Overall, the geometry of the conjugate shear fractures and the F2 S fold suggest their emplacement during sinistral shearing. (B) Complementary vertical section to the horizontal section shown in A. Reverse deformation is expressed by S-C fabric geometries and shear bands that offset the S2 foliation and parallel, sulfide-rich horizons (upper inset). The lower inset displays strongly deformed carbonate-quartz veins that host pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite (Po-Cpy)–dominant sulfide assemblages. Sample was collected during the field traverse. (C) Plane-polarized and reflected light images displaying early normal deformation in the upper left where S2 extensional S and C fabrics are developed (S2 Ext). These early extensional fabrics are crosscut by low-angle veins (upper right), and the low-angle veins are offset by reverse shear bands and folded during contractional deformation when a later generation of the S2 fabric formed (S2 Com). These later low-angle veins differ from the earlier deformed veins visible in B as they have a sulfide assemblage dominated by pyrite (Py) with lesser pyrrhotite (Po) and chalcopyrite (Cpy). Sample from DDH SCGD001 1068.60 m.

Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone II. (A) Plane-polarized... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 7. Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone II. (A) Plane-polarized and reflected light images of pyrite-filled conjugate shear fractures with an acute bisector (i.e., shortening) at a high angle to the S 2 foliation. One of the conjugate veins defines an F 2 S fold (see inset
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Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike GmPo 48020 within the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike (light area) includes shale wall rock with well-developed S2 cleavage (white, dashed line) and F2 folds (white, solid line). A fragment of shale wall rock within the dike is host to tensile veins developed at a high angle to the S2 cleavage (white, dashed rectangle). DDH SCGD002A 1007.05 m. (B) Plane-polarized light photomicrograph of pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite tensile veins in the shale wall rock fragment is shown in (A). (C) Reflected light photomicrograph of the area indicated in (B; red) depicting the pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite infill of the tensile veins. (D) Veined shale fragments in the quartz-sericite-ankerite dike. The dike displays the S2 cleavage as a continuous cleavage defined by the preferential orientation of fine-grained sericite. (E) Winchester and Floyd classification diagram showing the geochemical composition of the quartz-sericite-ankerite dike. See Appendix 4 for additional whole-rock geochemical data. (F) False-colored, scanning electron microscope backscattered electron-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-BSE-EDS) map displaying the distribution of Mg, S, Fe, K, Al, Ca, and Si. The minerals quartz (Qtz), sericite (Ser), ankerite (Ank), siderite (Sid), apatite (Ap), chalcopyrite (Cpy), sphalerite (Sphal), and an unidentified TiO2 mineral are shown on the map, with their corresponding modal percentages displayed on the diagram above. (G) Representative zircons from the quartz-sericite-ankerite dike and the locations of sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) spots. See Appendix 5 for additional information. (H) Tera-Wasserburg concordia diagram displaying the results of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology. The inset in the lower left displays a 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean age calculated from data that are ≥–3% and ≤5% discordant. The upper inset displays a concordia age calculated from data that is ≥–1% and ≤1% discordant. See text for discussion.

Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike GmPo 48020 within the Golden Mile fault zone.... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 12. Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike GmPo 48020 within the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike (light area) includes shale wall rock with well-developed S 2 cleavage (white, dashed line) and F 2 folds (white, solid line). A fragment of shale wall rock within the dike
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Secondary ionization mass spectrometry sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfides. (A) Pyrite sulfur isotope data from the Fimiston, Oroya, and Mt. Charlotte mineralization types as well as synsedimentary pyrite from the Kapai Slate (Godefroy-Rodriquez et al., 2020). Sulfur isotope data from sulfides in the Golden Mile fault zone are shown as the yellow dots. (B) Sulfur isotope data for different sulfide species and structural generations in the Golden Mile fault zone. See text for discussion. Host rocks: DCB = Devon Consols Basalt, GMD = Golden Mile Dolerite, HLS = Hannans Lake Serpentinite, KS = Kapai Slate, LBF = Lower Black Flag, OS = Oroya Shale, PB = Paringa Basalt, QFP = Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry

Secondary ionization mass spectrometry sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
from sulfides in the Golden Mile fault zone are shown as the yellow dots. (B) Sulfur isotope data for different sulfide species and structural generations in the Golden Mile fault zone. See text for discussion. Host rocks: DCB = Devon Consols Basalt, GMD = Golden Mile Dolerite, HLS = Hannans Lake
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Conceptual diagram displaying an integrated structural-hydrothermal-magmatic framework for the Golden Mile during D2 and D3. The diagram highlights the effect of diffuse fluid flow in shales of the Golden Mile fault zone (GMFZ) on sulfide chemistry. (A) During D2a strike-slip ca. 2680 Ma dikes (i.e., GmPo 48020) were emplaced during the development of NE-striking, subvertical tensile structures. During D2b transtension, ca. 2675 quartz-feldspar porphyry dikes were emplaced preferentially within NNW-striking, steeply SW-dipping structures prior to the emplacement of the Fimiston lodes. (B) During D2c, ca. 2660 Ma NNW-striking reverse and thrust faults developed during the Oroya mineralization event. A late-stage dextral reactivation of the Golden Mile fault zone occurred from ca. 2650 to 2640 Ma during D3 when the Mt. Charlotte stockwork veins formed.

Conceptual diagram displaying an integrated structural-hydrothermal-magmati... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 14. Conceptual diagram displaying an integrated structural-hydrothermal-magmatic framework for the Golden Mile during D 2 and D 3 . The diagram highlights the effect of diffuse fluid flow in shales of the Golden Mile fault zone (GMFZ) on sulfide chemistry. (A) During D 2a strike-slip ca
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LA-ICP-MS sulfide trace element geochemistry II. Bivariate scatter diagrams comparing trace metal relationships defined by Fimiston pyrite to those from the Golden Mile fault zone sulfide populations. See text for discussion.

LA-ICP-MS sulfide trace element geochemistry II. Bivariate scatter diagrams... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 10. LA-ICP-MS sulfide trace element geochemistry II. Bivariate scatter diagrams comparing trace metal relationships defined by Fimiston pyrite to those from the Golden Mile fault zone sulfide populations. See text for discussion.
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The Golden Mile fault (see Fig. 14), an early shear zone developed within carbonaceous shale (dark gray) and including numerous felsic lenses altered to quartz, ankerite, and fuchsite (V mica). The latter could represent either disrupted porphyry dikes or slices of volcaniclastic rocks. Dolerite crops out on both sides of the Golden Mile fault. The lowest bench is approximately 20 m high.

The Golden Mile fault (see Fig. 14 ), an early shear zone developed within ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2005
F ig . 15. The Golden Mile fault (see Fig. 14 ), an early shear zone developed within carbonaceous shale (dark gray) and including numerous felsic lenses altered to quartz, ankerite, and fuchsite (V mica). The latter could represent either disrupted porphyry dikes or slices of volcaniclastic
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Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) sulfide trace element geochemistry I. Concentration data for Fimiston pyrite and the Golden Mile fault zone sulfide populations are summarized using box plots displaying mean values (black circle), median values (black lines), and 25th and 75th percentiles as the upper and lower boundaries of the colored rectangles. The colored horizontal lines below and above the 25th and 75th percentiles denote outlier boundaries, with the hollow colored circles that plot outside of the boundaries deemed statistical outliers. See text for discussion. Abbreviations: Cpy = Chalcopyrite, GMD = Golden Mile Dolerite, LBFG = Lower Black Flag Group, PB = Paringa Basalt, Po = Pyrrhotite, Py = Pyrite.

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( LA-ICP-MS) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 9. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( LA-ICP-MS) s ulfide trace element geochemistry I. Concentration data for Fimiston pyrite and the Golden Mile fault zone sulfide populations are summarized using box plots displaying mean values (black circle), median values
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LA-ICP-MS sulfide trace element geochemistry III. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (derived from log10 data) and p values for (A) Au-Pb, Au-Bi, Au-Sb, Au-Ag, Au-Te and (B) Pb-Au, Pb-Bi, Pb-Sb, Pb-Ag, and Pb-Te. The diagrams compare correlation coefficients in the Fimiston pyrite population to correlation coefficients in the Golden Mile fault zone sulfide populations. See text for discussion.

LA-ICP-MS sulfide trace element geochemistry III. Pearson product-moment co... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
in the Fimiston pyrite population to correlation coefficients in the Golden Mile fault zone sulfide populations. See text for discussion.
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pH versus fO2 diagram adapted from Godefroy-Rodriguez et al. (2020) and references therein. Experimental conditions are T = 300˚C, mNa+ = 1, mK+ = 0.1, mCa2+ = 0.01, and ∑δ34S = 0‰. Mineral stability fields in the Fe-O-S system (∑S = 0.05 mol/kg) are shown as the red lines. Gold solubility contours (ppm) are shown as the dashed, yellow lines. Blue lines are δ34S values for pyrite and H2S. Fimiston fluid conditions are represented by the yellow square at the pyrite-hematite phase boundary. Golden Mile fault zone fluid conditions are represented by the gray square at the pyrite-pyrrhotite phase boundary. The inferred fluid pH (4–5.5) is sourced from Mueller et al. (2020b).

pH versus f O 2 diagram adapted from Godefroy-Rodriguez et al. ( 2020 )... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
lines. Gold solubility contours (ppm) are shown as the dashed, yellow lines. Blue lines are δ 34 S values for pyrite and H 2 S. Fimiston fluid conditions are represented by the yellow square at the pyrite-hematite phase boundary. Golden Mile fault zone fluid conditions are represented by the gray
Book Chapter

Chapter 12: Geologic Setting and Gold Mineralization of the Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia Available to Purchase

Author(s)
Jordan A. McDivitt, Steffen G. Hagemann, Matthew S. Baggott, Stuart Perazzo
Book: Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces
Series: Special Publications of the Society of Economic Geologists
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 2020
DOI: 10.5382/SP.23.12
EISBN: 9781629496429
... open pit at Mt. Percy. B. Representative variolitic Devon Consols Basalt (DCB) from DDH TFUD0037 at 174.4 m. C. Representative lower Black Flag (LBF) Group within the Golden Mile fault zone: finely laminated carbonaceous shale, siltstone, and sandstone is host to nodular pyrite and crosscut...
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Abstract The Kalgoorlie gold camp in the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia comprises the supergiant Golden Mile and the smaller Mt. Charlotte, Mt. Percy, and Hidden Secret deposits. Since the camp’s discovery in 1893, ~1,950 metric tons (t) of Au have been produced from a total estimated endowment of ~2,300 t. The camp is located within Neoarchean rocks of the Kalgoorlie terrane, within the Eastern Goldfields superterrane of the eastern Yilgarn craton. Gold mineralization is distributed along an 8- × 2-km, NNW-trending corridor, which corresponds to the Boulder Lefroy-Golden Mile fault system. The host stratigraphic sequence, dated at ca. 2710 to 2660 Ma, comprises lower ultramafic and mafic lava flow rocks, and upper felsic to intermediate volcaniclastic, epiclastic, and lava flow rocks intruded by highly differentiated dolerite sills such as the ca. 2685 Ma Golden Mile Dolerite. Multiple sets of NNW-trending, steeply dipping porphyry dikes intruded this sequence from ca. 2675 to 2640 Ma. From ca. 2685 to 2640 Ma, rocks of the Kalgoorlie gold camp were subjected to multiple deformation increments and metamorphism. Early D 1 deformation from ca. 2685 to 2675 Ma generated the Golden Mile fault and F 1 folds. Prolonged sinistral transpression from ca. 2675 to 2655 Ma produced overprinting, NNW-trending sets of D 2 -D 3 folds and faults. The last deformation stage (D 4 ; &lt; ca. 2650 Ma) is recorded by N- to NNE-trending, dextral faults which offset earlier structures. The main mineralization type in the Golden Mile comprises Fimiston lodes: steeply dipping, WNW- to NNW-striking, gold- and telluride-bearing carbonate-quartz veins with banded, colloform, and crustiform textures surrounded by sericite-carbonate-quartz-pyrite-telluride alteration zones. These lodes were emplaced during the earlier stages of regional sinistral transpression (D 2) as Riedel shear-type structures. During a later stage of regional sinistral transpression (D 3), exceptionally high grade Oroya-type mineralization developed as shallowly plunging ore shoots with “Green Leader” quartz-sericite-carbonate-pyrite-telluride alteration typified by vanadium-bearing muscovite. In the Hidden Secret orebody, ~3 km north-northwest of the Golden Mile, lode mineralization is a silver-rich variety characterized by increased abundance of hessite and petzite and decreased abundance of calaverite. At the adjacent Mt. Charlotte deposit, the gold-, silver-, and telluride-bearing lodes become subordinate to the Mt. Charlotte-type stockwork veins. The stockwork veins occur as planar, 2- to 50-cm thick, auriferous quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins that define steeply NW- to SE-dipping and shallowly N-dipping sets broadly coeval with D 4 deformation. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on critical features of ore formation in the camp. Models suggest either (1) distinct periods of mineralization over a protracted, ca. 2.68 to 2.64 Ga orogenic history; or (2) broadly synchronous formation of the different types of mineralization at ca. 2.64 Ga. The nature of fluids, metal sources, and mineralizing processes remain debated, with both metamorphic and magmatic models proposed. There is strong evidence for multiple gold mineralization events over the course of the ca. 2.68 to 2.64 orogenic window, differing in genesis and contributions from either magmatic or metamorphic ore-forming processes. However, reconciling these models with field relationships and available geochemical and geochronological constraints remains difficult and is the subject of ongoing research.

Journal Article

Geology and alteration in the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie Available to Purchase

G. Neil Phillips
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 July 1986
Economic Geology (1986) 81 (4): 779–808.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.779
..., via ductile shear zones and later fault zones, and the favorable chemical nature of the host rocks, especially the Golden Mile Dolerite. The full width of carbonation (chlorite and carbonate zones) reflects overlapping alteration envelopes around the closely spaced fluid pathways. The processes...
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Structural map of the Golden Mile deposit (modified from Mueller et al., 1988), showing the locations of the Paringa South shaft and the Oroya lode in the eastern part of the Fimiston shear zone system. The Fimiston lodes occupy brittle shear zones subsidiary to the sinistral Golden Mile (GMF) and Boulder-Lefroy (BLF) faults, which displace upright regional folds such as the Kalgoorlie anticline. The sinistral faults are offset by the Golden Pike fault (GPF), the Adelaide fault (ADF), and by other dextral faults.

Structural map of the Golden Mile deposit (modified from Mueller et al., 1... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2005
F ig . 2. Structural map of the Golden Mile deposit (modified from Mueller et al., 1988 ), showing the locations of the Paringa South shaft and the Oroya lode in the eastern part of the Fimiston shear zone system. The Fimiston lodes occupy brittle shear zones subsidiary to the sinistral Golden
Journal Article

The Age of the Giant Golden Mile Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Ion-Microprobe Zircon and Monazite U-Pb Geochronology of a Synmineralization Lamprophyre Dike Available to Purchase

Neal J. McNaughton, Andreas G. Mueller, David I. Groves
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 November 2005
Economic Geology (2005) 100 (7): 1427–1440.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.7.1427
...F ig . 2. Structural map of the Golden Mile deposit (modified from Mueller et al., 1988 ), showing the locations of the Paringa South shaft and the Oroya lode in the eastern part of the Fimiston shear zone system. The Fimiston lodes occupy brittle shear zones subsidiary to the sinistral Golden...
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View PDF for article title, The Age of the Giant <span class="search-highlight">Golden</span> <span class="search-highlight">Mile</span> Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Ion-Microprobe Zircon and Monazite U-Pb Geochronology of a Synmineralization Lamprophyre Dike
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Journal Article

Mineralogy and PTX Relationships of the Archean Hannan South Au-Cu (Co-Bi) Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Thermodynamic Constraints on the Formation of a Zoned Intrusion-Related Skarn Available to Purchase

Andreas G. Mueller, Louisa M. Lawrance, Janet Muhling, Gregory D. Pooley
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 January 2012
Economic Geology (2012) 107 (1): 1–24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.1.1
... above 425° ± 25°C. The zoned Hannan South skarn is part of a cluster of intrusion-related Au-Cu and distal Ag-Au-Pb-Zn deposits located within 60 km E to SE of the giant Golden Mile (>1,500 t Au) at Kalgoorlie, and part of a larger genetic group including the diorite-hosted Boddington porphyry skarn...
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View PDF for article title, Mineralogy and PTX Relationships of the Archean Hannan South Au-Cu (Co-Bi) Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Thermodynamic Constraints on the Formation of a <span class="search-highlight">Zoned</span> Intrusion-Related Skarn
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Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020). (A) Camp-scale geologic map produced from Kalgoorlie consolidated gold mines mapping and compilation. The location of the Gidji Lake Unconformity is from G.I. Tripp (pers. commun., 25/07/2019). Gold deposits of the Kalgoorlie gold camp (the Golden Mile, Mt. Charlotte, Hidden Secret, and Mt. Percy deposits) as well as the Oroya shoot are shown as yellow dots. Stereonets (lower-hemisphere, equal-area) are produced from the Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines drill core database and display contoured poles (1% area; start = 2%; CI = 2%) of planar features. Upper left stereonet shows poles to regional cleavage measurements and trends of camp-scale structures such as the Golden Mile fault (GMF), Boulder-Lefroy fault (BF), Boomerang anticline (BA), and late N- to NNE-trending dextral faults. The upper right stereonets display poles to bedding planes and lithologic contacts. Map coordinates in UTM zone 51J, WGS84 datum. (B) Scaled stratigraphic column depicting the volcanic, sedimentary, and intrusive rocks of the Kalgoorlie gold camp in the context of geochronological age constraints. See text for supporting references.

Modified after McDivitt et al. ( 2020 ). (A) Camp-scale geologic map produc... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2021
features. Upper left stereonet shows poles to regional cleavage measurements and trends of camp-scale structures such as the Golden Mile fault (GMF), Boulder-Lefroy fault (BF), Boomerang anticline (BA), and late N- to NNE-trending dextral faults. The upper right stereonets display poles to bedding planes