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![Study areas of the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Geologic map of the Golden Mile Super Pit, with the blue line denoting the location of the traverse along the Golden Mile fault zone that was undertaken during this study. (B) A level plan map (left) and vertical cross section (right) of Fimiston extension drilling, illustrating the Golden Mile fault zone intersections that were logged during this study. Stereonets (lower-hemisphere, equal-area) display contoured poles (1% area; start = 2%; CI = 2%) to foliation and Fimiston lode measurements from the Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines drill core database. (C) Cross section through the Golden Mile Super Pit and the Golden Mile fault zone (Section 1). Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020) and Mueller (2020a). (D) Cross section through the Golden Mile Super Pit and the Oroya shoot area (Section 2). Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020) and Mueller (2020a). (E) Equal area stereographic projection depicting the subdivision of Fimiston lodes into Main, Caunter, and Cross populations based on the lode geometries. Strike and dip are reported using the right-hand rule convention. Modified after McDivitt et al. (2020).]()
![Geology maps of the Golden Mile dolerite. A) Plan view geology map showing the location of the diamond drill hole examined in this study (JUGD011), diamond drill holes from O’Connors-Parsons and Stanley (2007), major structural features, and the location of cross section A-A’. B) Cross section of A-A’ highlighting the two limbs of the Golden Mile dolerite, including the Western and Eastern lode systems, modified after Gauthier et al. (2004) and www.portergeo.com.au. GPF = Golden Pike fault. C) Reconstructed long section after O’Connor-Parsons and Stanley (2007) linking the internal subdivisions of Travis et al. (1971) with the lithological divisions of this study. Note that units 1–3 are grouped, the lower sill contact was not intersected by these drill holes, and ultramafic corresponds only with units 2 and 3 of Travis et al. (1971).]()
![Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in diamond drill core. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) F1 folds (thin, white line) occur as rootless, isoclinal bedding transposition folds. The folds were refolded during the development of the NW-trending S2 cleavage (dashed, white line). Stereonet displays poles to S2 cleavage measurements from Golden Mile fault zone drill core. Unoriented (U) sample from DDH SCGD003B 1044.47 m. (B) Plane-polarized light photomicrograph of an F1 fold (thin, white line) transected and refolded by the S2 cleavage. Sample from DDH SCGD002A 1007.05 m. (C) Oblique view (O) displaying S2C-S2S fabric relationships that illustrate sinistral drag of S2S along S2C surfaces in a subhorizontal exposure (left), and normal drag of S2S along S2C surfaces in a subvertical exposure (right). Stereonets display the orientation of poles to sinistral shear bands (top) and poles normal shear bands (bottom). Sample from DDH SCGD001 1066.65 m. (D) Subvertical view (V) displaying the L2 aggregate lineation on the S2 cleavage plane. Stereonet illustrates the distribution of L2 lineation measurements from oriented drill core. Sample from DDH SCGD001 1066.65 m. (E) Subvertical section (V) displaying a sigmoidal S2S fabric recording normal deformation (S2 normal). The early S2 normal fabric is crosscut by low-angle veins that are folded and offset by stylolites (Sty) during a later stage of sinistral-reverse deformation when the S2 reverse fabric develops. Stereonet depicts the orientation of poles to sinistral-reverse shear bands. Sample from DDH SCGD001 1066.59 m. (F) Subhorizontal view (H) of mylonitic S3S and S3C fabrics related to D3 dextral deformation in the Golden Mile fault zone. The inset (upper left) displays earlier developed quartz strain shadows (blue dashed line) around a pyrite nodule (red dashed line). The strain shadows are folded axial planar to the S3S foliation. Stereonet displays poles to dextral shear bands. Sample from DDH SCGD002B 1022.10 m. (G) Oblique view (O) displaying shear band boudins related to sinistral-normal deformation (1). The development of F3 Z folds in the necks of the boudins (2) record a late dextral reactivation. Sample from DDH SCGD003B 1045.60 m. (H) Subhorizontal view (H) displaying sinistral S2S and S2C fabrics (2). The sinistral S2S fabrics locally define F3 Z folds related to overprinting D3 dextral deformation (3). Sample from DDH SCGD002A 1004.97 m. (I) Subvertical section displaying reverse shear bands developed in a zone of dextral shearing. Stereonet displays poles to dextral-reverse shear bands. Sample from DDH SCGD003B 1045.60 m.]()
![Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in traverse. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) Subhorizontal exposure displaying S2C and S2S fabrics. The S2S fabric is clockwise oblique to the S2C fabric and sigmoidal in a manner indicative of sinistral shearing. Stereonets display poles to sinistral shear bands (bottom left) and the relative geometry of S2C and S2S. (B) Subvertical exposure displaying an E-trending, subvertical carbonate-quartz vein boudinaged by normal deformation. Stereonet displays the orientation of the dragged S2 foliation and the vein. The lineations shown on the vein (blue) are boudin axes. (C) Subvertical section displaying a NW-striking, steeply SW-dipping normal fault (red line) with drag of the S2 cleavage visible in the footwall of the fault (white, dashed line). Stereonet displays the orientation of the normal fault and S2 cleavage as well as subvertical L2 lineations (red dots) that are developed in the footwall of the fault (see D). (D) Subvertical section in the footwall of the normal fault in C displaying subvertical L2 aggregate lineations. The inset is a plane-polarized light photomicrograph depicting an L2 lineation comprising a fine-grained aggregate of recrystallized quartz. (E) Stereonets depicting poles to S2C and S2S measurements as well as L2 lineation measurements. F. Subhorizontal exposure displaying the S1 cleavage folded axial planar to the S2 cleavage. The S2 cleavage is offset by a dextral shear band. The stereonet displays the orientations of dextral shear bands in the Golden Mile fault zone.]()
![Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone I. (A) Carbonate-quartz vein fragment that has been boudinaged and back-rotated during the development of sinistral, F2 S folds defined by S2 (white, dashed line). Sulfide-filled tensile fractures with a northeast trend and subvertical dip are developed in the boudinaged vein at a high angle to the S2 foliation. Sample from DDH SCGD003B 1045.60 m. (B) Sulfide mineralogy of the tensile fractures visible in A (reflected light); pyrrhotite (Po) is dominant with lesser chalcopyrite (Cpy) and sphalerite (Sph). (C) A scanning electron microscope-back-scattered electron (SEM-BSE) image of one of the tensile fractures visible in A displaying pyrrhotite (Po), Hg-Bi tellurides, and Ni-Sb-S mineral intergrown with ankerite (Ank). (D) Pyrite developed along the margin of the boudinaged vein visible in A (reflected light). (E) Plane/cross-polarized and reflected light images of a carbonate-quartz vein boudinaged in the S2 foliation plane during sinistral-normal deformation. The boudin necks are infilled with quartz, pyrite, and galena. Sample was collected during the field traverse. The stereonet displays the orientation of the thin section planes relative to the L2 aggregate lineation (L2 = parallel; L2′ = perpendicular); normal movement (i.e., southwest-side down) parallel to the S2 foliation is indicated by the switch from apparent dextral kinematics in the L2 parallel section to apparent sinistral kinematics in the L2′ parallel section. (F) Zone of high-density normal faults (plane-polarized light). The normal faults are infilled with pyrite (see inset; reflected light) and have resulted in micro horst-and-graben topography that facilitated the development of a collapse breccia (the lower limit of the breccia zone is shown by the dashed, red line). Sample from DDH SCGD002A 1006.70 m. (G) Reflected light image of the collapse breccia zone visible in F depicting abundant sulfide mineralization in the breccia. (H) Plane-polarized light close-up photomicrograph of normal faults visible in F. (I) scanning electron microscope-backscattered electron (SEM-BSE) image of the collapse breccia zone visible in F and G. The breccia is host to a sulfide assemblage of pyrrhotite (Po), chalcopyrite (Cpy), and galena (Ga).]()
![Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone II. (A) Plane-polarized and reflected light images of pyrite-filled conjugate shear fractures with an acute bisector (i.e., shortening) at a high angle to the S2 foliation. One of the conjugate veins defines an F2 S fold (see inset). Overall, the geometry of the conjugate shear fractures and the F2 S fold suggest their emplacement during sinistral shearing. (B) Complementary vertical section to the horizontal section shown in A. Reverse deformation is expressed by S-C fabric geometries and shear bands that offset the S2 foliation and parallel, sulfide-rich horizons (upper inset). The lower inset displays strongly deformed carbonate-quartz veins that host pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite (Po-Cpy)–dominant sulfide assemblages. Sample was collected during the field traverse. (C) Plane-polarized and reflected light images displaying early normal deformation in the upper left where S2 extensional S and C fabrics are developed (S2 Ext). These early extensional fabrics are crosscut by low-angle veins (upper right), and the low-angle veins are offset by reverse shear bands and folded during contractional deformation when a later generation of the S2 fabric formed (S2 Com). These later low-angle veins differ from the earlier deformed veins visible in B as they have a sulfide assemblage dominated by pyrite (Py) with lesser pyrrhotite (Po) and chalcopyrite (Cpy). Sample from DDH SCGD001 1068.60 m.]()
![Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike GmPo 48020 within the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike (light area) includes shale wall rock with well-developed S2 cleavage (white, dashed line) and F2 folds (white, solid line). A fragment of shale wall rock within the dike is host to tensile veins developed at a high angle to the S2 cleavage (white, dashed rectangle). DDH SCGD002A 1007.05 m. (B) Plane-polarized light photomicrograph of pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite tensile veins in the shale wall rock fragment is shown in (A). (C) Reflected light photomicrograph of the area indicated in (B; red) depicting the pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite infill of the tensile veins. (D) Veined shale fragments in the quartz-sericite-ankerite dike. The dike displays the S2 cleavage as a continuous cleavage defined by the preferential orientation of fine-grained sericite. (E) Winchester and Floyd classification diagram showing the geochemical composition of the quartz-sericite-ankerite dike. See Appendix 4 for additional whole-rock geochemical data. (F) False-colored, scanning electron microscope backscattered electron-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-BSE-EDS) map displaying the distribution of Mg, S, Fe, K, Al, Ca, and Si. The minerals quartz (Qtz), sericite (Ser), ankerite (Ank), siderite (Sid), apatite (Ap), chalcopyrite (Cpy), sphalerite (Sphal), and an unidentified TiO2 mineral are shown on the map, with their corresponding modal percentages displayed on the diagram above. (G) Representative zircons from the quartz-sericite-ankerite dike and the locations of sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) spots. See Appendix 5 for additional information. (H) Tera-Wasserburg concordia diagram displaying the results of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology. The inset in the lower left displays a 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean age calculated from data that are ≥–3% and ≤5% discordant. The upper inset displays a concordia age calculated from data that is ≥–1% and ≤1% discordant. See text for discussion.]()
![Regional geology of the Archaean Yilgarn craton, with the Golden Mile located in the Eastern Goldfields province near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia area. Modified from Krapez et al. (2000).]()
![General geological map of the Golden Mile (modified from Bateman et al. 2001). Collar locations of the two drill-holes illustrating the results of this research (JUGD009 and CTGD008) are labelled in bold text. Collar locations of the remaining drill-holes used in cross-section A–B (see below) are as indicated.]()
RESULTS FOR
Golden Mile
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tantalum (1)
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thallium (4)
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tungsten (2)
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vanadium (1)
-
zinc (3)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40/Ar-36 (2)
-
-
helium
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He-4/He-3 (2)
-
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neon
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Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon (2)
-
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nonmetals (1)
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (24)
-
-
sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (6)
-
S-34/S-32 (27)
-
-
tellurium (8)
-
trace metals (1)
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fossils
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burrows (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Agnatha (1)
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Pisces (2)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Lissamphibia
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Anura (1)
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Caudata
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Urodela (1)
-
-
-
-
Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Multituberculata (2)
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Mustelidae (1)
-
-
-
Condylarthra (1)
-
Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo
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Homo sapiens
-
Homo sapiens sapiens (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mammuthus (1)
-
-
-
Mastodontoidea
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Mammutidae
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Mammut (1)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia (1)
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Ungulata (2)
-
-
Metatheria
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Marsupialia
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Diprotodonta (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Chelonia (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ankylosauria (1)
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Ornithopoda
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Hadrosauridae (1)
-
-
-
Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Carnosauria
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Allosaurus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
eukaryotes (1)
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fossil man (1)
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Graptolithina (2)
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Hemichordata (1)
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ichnofossils
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Rhizocorallium (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Pentamerida (1)
-
Spiriferida
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Cyrtospirifer (1)
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Spiriferidina
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Spiriferidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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Goniatitida (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (2)
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Rostroconchia (1)
-
-
Porifera
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Stromatoporoidea (1)
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-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Rotaliacea
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Nummulitidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
microfossils
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Conodonta
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Palmatolepis (1)
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-
problematic microfossils (1)
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palynomorphs
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (9)
-
-
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (2)
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nannofossils (1)
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Quercus (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Abies (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (1)
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-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
tracks (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (6)
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Ar/Ar (22)
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fission-track dating (3)
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K/Ar (7)
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optically stimulated luminescence (3)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Pb/Pb (5)
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Rb/Sr (3)
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tephrochronology (1)
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thermochronology (6)
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U/Pb (44)
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U/Th/Pb (4)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Iron Age (1)
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Quaternary
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Clovis (1)
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (2)
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Middle Ages (2)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Neolithic (1)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Roman period (2)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (2)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
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Stone Age
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Neolithic (1)
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Paleolithic (2)
-
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Tertiary
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Florissant Lake Beds (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Barstovian (1)
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lower Miocene (1)
-
Temblor Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
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Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (5)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Colton Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (4)
-
Lake Uinta (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Willwood Formation (2)
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Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene (3)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
Puercan (3)
-
-
Tongue River Member (2)
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
Refugian (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (3)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Carrara Marble (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Colorado Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (3)
-
Graneros Shale (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Bear River Formation (1)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Isachsen Formation (1)
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
Mowry Shale (4)
-
Muddy Sandstone (2)
-
Skull Creek Shale (2)
-
Sligo Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (2)
-
Middle Cretaceous (4)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Almond Formation (1)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Codell Sandstone Member (1)
-
Coniacian (2)
-
Forbes Formation (1)
-
Fox Hills Formation (2)
-
Frontier Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
Laramie Formation (6)
-
Lewis Shale (2)
-
Maestrichtian (3)
-
Mesaverde Group (3)
-
Montana Group (2)
-
Niobrara Formation (4)
-
Pierre Shale (2)
-
Rock Springs Formation (1)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (6)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
Williams Fork Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (6)
-
Great Valley Sequence (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Kingak Shale (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (4)
-
Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Bajocian (2)
-
Bathonian (2)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Dogger (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Kimmeridgian
-
lower Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
Morrison Formation (5)
-
Oxfordian
-
middle Oxfordian (1)
-
upper Oxfordian (1)
-
-
Sundance Formation (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Mole Granite (1)
-
Shublik Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic (2)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Big Snowy Group (1)
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Jackfork Group (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Borden Group (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
Osagian (1)
-
Pocono Formation (1)
-
-
Madison Group (4)
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Greenbrier Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (2)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (2)
-
Atokan (1)
-
Desmoinesian
-
Cherokee Group (1)
-
-
-
Monongahela Group (2)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Canyon Group (1)
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Missourian (1)
-
Virgilian (2)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (3)
-
Fisset Brook Formation (1)
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Levis Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Littleton Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Elk Point Group (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (3)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (2)
-
Swan Hills Formation (3)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (4)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (8)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (1)
-
Nisku Formation (2)
-
Ohio Shale (2)
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (2)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (2)
-
Minnelusa Formation (1)
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (2)
-
El Paso Group (1)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (1)
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Champlainian (1)
-
Chazy Group (1)
-
Chazyan (2)
-
Everton Formation (1)
-
Normanskill Formation (1)
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (2)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (2)
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (1)
-
Llandovery (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (2)
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (9)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Kalgoorlie System (1)
-
Mesoarchean (3)
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (2)
-
Roper Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Maranon Complex (1)
-
McCoy Creek Group (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Sinian (1)
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
tonalite (2)
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (7)
-
lamprophyres (3)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (2)
-
pegmatite (6)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (2)
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (2)
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
-
komatiite (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (2)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
impactites (1)
-
lapis lazuli (1)
-
listwanite (1)
-
marbles (3)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metadiabase (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metasandstone (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
skarn (6)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites (1)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllites (2)
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
greenstone (5)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
turbidite (8)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
iron meteorites
-
octahedrite (1)
-
-
stony irons (1)
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite (1)
-
nakhlite (1)
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alabaster (1)
-
alloys
-
carbides (1)
-
electrum (1)
-
hedleyite (1)
-
nitrides (1)
-
phosphides (1)
-
silicides (1)
-
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (8)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
-
bismuthides (1)
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
calcite (7)
-
dolomite (7)
-
malachite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (3)
-
triplite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (8)
-
native elements
-
diamond (1)
-
-
onyx (1)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
chromite (1)
-
ferrihydrite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
iron oxides (2)
-
leucoxene (1)
-
magnetite (3)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
rutile (2)
-
sapphire (1)
-
spinel (1)
-
tantalates
-
tantalite (1)
-
-
vernadite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (8)
-
barbosalite (1)
-
crandallite (2)
-
graftonite (1)
-
hureaulite (1)
-
lazulite (1)
-
lithiophilite (1)
-
monazite (14)
-
rockbridgeite (1)
-
sarcopside (1)
-
strengite (1)
-
triphylite (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
turquoise (2)
-
vivianite (1)
-
xenotime (7)
-
-
selenides (2)
-
silicates
-
asbestos (2)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (3)
-
-
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (2)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
amethyst (1)
-
carnelian (2)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
chrysoprase (1)
-
coesite (1)
-
jasper (1)
-
moganite (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
opal-CT (1)
-
-
quartz
-
smoky quartz (1)
-
-
-
sodalite group
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
erionite (1)
-
ferrierite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
pyrope (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
-
phenakite group
-
eucryptite (1)
-
willemite (1)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (5)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (31)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (1)
-
beryl (1)
-
emerald (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
elbaite (1)
-
schorl (1)
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Mesozoic
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Carrara Marble (1)
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Cretaceous
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Colorado Group (1)
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Edwards Formation (1)
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Dakota Formation (3)
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Graneros Shale (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Mancos Shale (2)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Almond Formation (1)
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Campanian
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upper Campanian (1)
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Cenomanian
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Dunvegan Formation (1)
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Codell Sandstone Member (1)
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Forbes Formation (1)
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Gulfian
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Hell Creek Formation (1)
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Judith River Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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Laramie Formation (6)
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Niobrara Formation (4)
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Pierre Shale (2)
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Rock Springs Formation (1)
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Senonian (6)
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Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
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Turonian (1)
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Williams Fork Formation (1)
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Franciscan Complex (6)
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Great Valley Sequence (2)
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian
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lower Kimmeridgian (1)
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Morrison Formation (5)
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Oxfordian
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middle Oxfordian (1)
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upper Oxfordian (1)
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Sundance Formation (2)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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antimony (2)
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iron
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lead
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Mexico
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North America
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 207
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ODP Site 1258 (1)
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Oceania
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Mississippian
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Madison Group (4)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian (1)
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Greenbrier Limestone (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Conemaugh Group (2)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Desmoinesian
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Monongahela Group (2)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Virgilian (2)
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Upper Carboniferous (2)
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Chattanooga Shale (1)
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Devonian
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Beaverhill Lake Group (3)
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Fisset Brook Formation (1)
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Guilmette Formation (1)
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Keg River Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Littleton Formation (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Elk Point Group (1)
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Marcellus Shale (3)
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Onondaga Limestone (1)
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Popovich Formation (1)
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Slave Point Formation (2)
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Swan Hills Formation (3)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian
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Wabamun Group (4)
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Frasnian
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Leduc Formation (8)
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Grosmont Formation (1)
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Nisku Formation (2)
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Ohio Shale (2)
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Palliser Formation (1)
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Dunkard Group (2)
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Horton Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Minnelusa Formation (1)
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New Albany Shale (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician
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Champlainian (1)
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Chazyan (2)
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Everton Formation (1)
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Normanskill Formation (1)
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Whiterockian (1)
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Trenton Group (2)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (1)
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Cincinnatian (1)
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Mohawkian (1)
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Trentonian (1)
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Utica Shale (2)
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Permian
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Lyons Sandstone (1)
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Upper Permian
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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Silurian
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Lockport Formation (1)
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Lower Silurian
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Wenlock (1)
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Middle Silurian
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Clinton Group (2)
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Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
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Niagaran (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Woodford Shale (1)
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palynomorphs
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petrology (29)
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Plantae
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Pteridophyta
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Abies (1)
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plate tectonics (27)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic
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Pocatello Formation (1)
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Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
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problematic fossils
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1-20 OF 1227 RESULTS FOR
Golden Mile
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Journal Article
Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 September 2021
Economic Geology (2021) 116 (6): 1285–1308.
...Jordan A. McDivitt; Steffen G. Hagemann; Nicolas Thébaud; Laure A.J. Martin; Kai Rankenburg Abstract The Golden Mile fault zone is a key controlling structure to the estimated 75 Moz gold endowment of the Kalgoorlie gold camp in the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia. The earliest structures...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Synsedimentary to Early Diagenetic Gold in Black Shale-Hosted Pyrite Nodules at the Golden Mile Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
Jeffrey A. Steadman, Ross R. Large, Sebastien Meffre, Paul H. Olin, Leonid V. Danyushevsky, Daniel D. Gregory, Ivan Belousov, Elena Lounejeva, Trevor R. Ireland, Peter Holden
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 August 2015
Economic Geology (2015) 110 (5): 1157–1191.
... telluride minerals, is a world-class Neoarchean Au-Ag-Te district, which includes the Golden Mile Super Pit, the largest single gold deposit in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia, and the smaller but nonetheless significant Mount Charlotte deposit, 3 km to the north. The gold ore at Kalgoorlie...
Journal Article
Downhole lithogeochemical patterns relating to chemostratigraphy and igneous fractionation processes in the Golden Mile dolerite, Western Australia
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 May 2007
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2007) 7 (2): 109–127.
...Tansy O'Connor-Parsons; Clifford R. Stanley Abstract The Fimiston Superpit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, is the largest gold mine in Australia. The main host to mineralization, the differentiated Golden Mile dolerite (GMD) sill, has undergone several episodes of deformation, metamorphism...
Journal Article
Rock-Buffering of Auriferous Fluids in Altered Rocks Associated with the Golden Mile-Style Mineralization, Kalgoorlie Gold Field, Western Australia
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 June 2006
Economic Geology (2006) 101 (4): 805–817.
..., particularly of the Golden Mile mineralization, which hosts over 70 percent of the gold in the Kalgoorlie gold field. It is generally agreed that the widespread presence of hematite and the moderately negative sulfur isotope composition of some of the pyrite (δ 34 S of −10 to −2‰) in the Golden Mile lodes...
Journal Article
The Age of the Giant Golden Mile Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: Ion-Microprobe Zircon and Monazite U-Pb Geochronology of a Synmineralization Lamprophyre Dike
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 November 2005
Economic Geology (2005) 100 (7): 1427–1440.
...Neal J. McNaughton; Andreas G. Mueller; David I. Groves Abstract Open-pit and underground mines in the Golden Mile at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, have produced more than 1,475 metric tons (t) of gold since 1893. Despite the economic importance of the deposit, the age of the mineralized shear...
Journal Article
TELLURIDE MINERALOGY OF THE GOLDEN MILE DEPOSIT, KALGOORLIE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 December 2003
The Canadian Mineralogist (2003) 41 (6): 1503–1524.
...Jill M. Shackleton; Paul G. Spry; Roger Bateman Abstract The Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, is a mesozonal gold deposit unusual because of its enormous size (>1,457 tonnes of gold) and because tellurides are responsible for approximately 20% of gold production. Gold mineralization...
Journal Article
The Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie; a giant gold deposit localized in ductile shear zones by structurally induced infiltration of an auriferous metamorphic fluid
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 November 1987
Economic Geology (1987) 82 (7): 1661–1678.
...C. A. Boulter; M. G. Fotios; G. Neil Phillips Abstract Mesoscopic and microscopic analysis of the structurally controlled gold mineralization of the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie, has demonstrated that the mineralogically simple gold pyrite mineralization style (70% of production) is restricted...
Journal Article
Source requirements for the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie: significance to the metamorphic replacement model for Archean gold deposits
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 01 August 1987
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (1987) 24 (8): 1643–1651.
...G. Neil Phillips; David I. Groves; Isobel J. Brown Abstract The Golden Mile at Kalgoorlie represents a giant Archean hydrothermal gold system localized by ductile shear zones and hosted mainly by a differentiated tholeiitic sill. Chlorite, carbonate, and pyrite alteration zones cover the whole...
Journal Article
Host rock and fluid control on carbonate assemblages in the Golden Mile Dolerite, Kalgoorlie gold deposit, Australia
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 June 1987
The Canadian Mineralogist (1987) 25 (2): 265–273.
Journal Article
Anomalous sulfur isotope compositions in the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 December 1986
Economic Geology (1986) 81 (8): 2008–2015.
Journal Article
Geology and alteration in the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 July 1986
Economic Geology (1986) 81 (4): 779–808.
... Goldfields Province of the Yilgarn Block, within a narrow corridor (rift zone) that contains several large gold deposits. Regional metamorphism has produced upper greenschist facies assemblages but has retained original rock textures. At Kalgoorlie, the most important gold host is the Golden Mile Dolerite...
Image
Study areas of the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Geologic map of the Golden M...
in Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 2. Study areas of the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Geologic map of the Golden Mile Super Pit, with the blue line denoting the location of the traverse along the Golden Mile fault zone that was undertaken during this study. (B) A level plan map (left) and vertical cross section (right
Image
Geology maps of the Golden Mile dolerite. A) Plan view geology map showing ...
in Differentiated Archean Dolerites: Igneous and Emplacement Processes that Enhance Prospectivity for Orogenic Gold
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2021
Fig. 3. Geology maps of the Golden Mile dolerite. A) Plan view geology map showing the location of the diamond drill hole examined in this study (JUGD011), diamond drill holes from O’Connors-Parsons and Stanley (2007) , major structural features, and the location of cross section A-A’. B) Cross
Image
Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone obs...
in Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 4. Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in diamond drill core. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) F 1 folds (thin, white line) occur as rootless, isoclinal bedding transposition folds
Image
Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone obs...
in Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 5. Structures and overprinting relationships of the Golden Mile fault zone observed in traverse. All stereonets are lower-hemisphere, equal-area. Contouring is 1% area (start = 2%, CI = 2%). (A) Subhorizontal exposure displaying S 2 C and S 2 S fabrics. The S 2 S fabric is clockwise oblique
Image
Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone I. (A) Carbonate-quartz...
in Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 6. Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone I. (A) Carbonate-quartz vein fragment that has been boudinaged and back-rotated during the development of sinistral, F 2 S folds defined by S 2 (white, dashed line). Sulfide-filled tensile fractures with a northeast trend
Image
Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone II. (A) Plane-polarized...
in Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 7. Sulfide relationships in the Golden Mile fault zone II. (A) Plane-polarized and reflected light images of pyrite-filled conjugate shear fractures with an acute bisector (i.e., shortening) at a high angle to the S 2 foliation. One of the conjugate veins defines an F 2 S fold (see inset
Image
Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike GmPo 48020 within the Golden Mile fault zone....
in Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2021
Fig. 12. Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike GmPo 48020 within the Golden Mile fault zone. (A) Quartz-sericite-ankerite dike (light area) includes shale wall rock with well-developed S 2 cleavage (white, dashed line) and F 2 folds (white, solid line). A fragment of shale wall rock within the dike
Image
Regional geology of the Archaean Yilgarn craton, with the Golden Mile locat...
in Downhole lithogeochemical patterns relating to chemostratigraphy and igneous fractionation processes in the Golden Mile dolerite, Western Australia
> Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis
Published: 01 May 2007
Fig. 1 Regional geology of the Archaean Yilgarn craton, with the Golden Mile located in the Eastern Goldfields province near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia area. Modified from Krapez et al . (2000) .
Image
General geological map of the Golden Mile (modified from Bateman et al . ...
in Downhole lithogeochemical patterns relating to chemostratigraphy and igneous fractionation processes in the Golden Mile dolerite, Western Australia
> Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis
Published: 01 May 2007
Fig. 6 General geological map of the Golden Mile (modified from Bateman et al . 2001 ). Collar locations of the two drill-holes illustrating the results of this research (JUGD009 and CTGD008) are labelled in bold text. Collar locations of the remaining drill-holes used in cross-section A–B (see
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