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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Nile Valley (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt (1)
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Morocco (2)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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elements, isotopes
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isotope ratios (1)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes
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Selachii (1)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata
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Mosasauridae (16)
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Sauropterygia
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Elasmosauridae (1)
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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Nile Valley (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Cenozoic
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Paleogene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes
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Elasmobranchii
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Selachii (1)
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Osteichthyes
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Actinopterygii
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Teleostei (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia (1)
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Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Cetacea (1)
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Reptilia
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Testudines
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Chelonia (2)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia (2)
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dinosaurs (2)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata
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Lacertilia
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Mosasauridae (16)
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Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria
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Elasmosauridae (1)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Basque Provinces Spain (1)
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Navarra Spain (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Manche France
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Cotentin Peninsula (1)
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Normandy (1)
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Navarre (1)
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United Kingdom (1)
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-
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Nautiloidea (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
-
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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-
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (2)
-
-
Gammon Ferruginous Member (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Moreno Formation (1)
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Pierre Shale (5)
-
Santonian (2)
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Senonian (10)
-
Sharon Springs Member (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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museums (2)
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North America
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (2)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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paleoecology (3)
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paleogeography (3)
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paleontology (1)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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chemically precipitated rocks
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phosphate rocks (2)
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South America
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Argentina (1)
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Brazil (1)
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stratigraphy (1)
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United States
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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California
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Delaware (1)
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Maryland (1)
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Missouri River valley (3)
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New Jersey (2)
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North Dakota (1)
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South Dakota
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Brule County South Dakota (1)
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Buffalo County South Dakota (4)
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Custer County South Dakota (1)
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Fall River County South Dakota (1)
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Hughes County South Dakota (1)
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Lyman County South Dakota (1)
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Pennington County South Dakota (1)
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Wyoming
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Niobrara County Wyoming (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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chemically precipitated rocks
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phosphate rocks (2)
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Globidens
One of the rarest of marine reptiles is the mosasaur genus Globidens , characterized by a massive, bulbous dentition. The rarity of the taxon, coupled with the bulbous dentition, resulted in various theories concerning life habits. Although a consensus indicates that the dentition was adapted for crushing resistant elements, hypotheses have varied concerning prey, ranging from turtles or bivalves to scavenging. Finally, a partial skeleton of Globidens has been recovered from the Big Bend area of the Missouri River in central South Dakota. The specimen was discovered in the upperDeGrey Formation (upperCampanian) of the Pierre Shale Group. During analysis, bivalve fragments were found packed within the rib-cage region of the skeleton. In the field, bivalve concentrations did not occur laterally or above or below the skeleton, indicating that they were the stomach contents of the mosasaur. Associated within the stomach area are a number of bivalve taxa, including oysters and small bivalves with lamellar shells, probably of the genus Anomia . The most common specimens within the stomach area are bivalves that exhibit a prismatic shell microstructure typical of inoceramids. Four inoceramid shell morphotypes were recovered, including a coarse-ribbed morphotype, a fine-ribbed morphotype, one with a thickened umbo, and a large, flat, thin-shelled morphotype. Because of their position in the mosasaur, their fragmented condition, limited taxonomic diversity, and absence from surrounding sediments, the bivalves are considered stomach contents. Some smaller, complete shells of Anomia escaped breakage, whereas larger inoceramids were invariably crushed. Chondrichthyan teeth were found associated but are interpreted to be the result of scavenging. This specimen of Globidens appears to have had a preference forthe large, flat, relatively thin-shelled inoceramids that contained a large, fleshy visceral mass.
A new species of the durophagous mosasaur Globidens (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group of central South Dakota, USA
The most complete specimen of the unusual mosasaur Globidens has been discovered in central South Dakota along the Missouri River. The specimen consists of the anterior half of a skeleton, including crushed skull, pectoral girdle, partial paddle, and vertebral series. One humerus and ulna exhibit pathologies. The partial skeleton was found at the top of the DeGrey Formation (upper Campanian) of the Pierre Shale Group and is therefore the youngest skeleton from North America. The specimen exhibits apomorphies that correspond with the late occurrence and indicate a new species. Increased dental hypsodonty, lack of a posterior buttress on teeth, great size, and massive build indicate a derived intermediate species of a clade that first occurred with rounded teeth in the early Campanian in North America and Europe ( Globidens alabamaensis and Globidens dakotensis ) and culminated with high-crowned teeth with posterior buttresses in the Maastrichtian of Africa, the Middle East, and South America ( Globidens phosphaticus ). Associated with the specimen are bivalves that are interpreted as stomach contents and shark teeth that are interpreted as the result of scavenging.
Mosasaurids from the Maastrichtian of Syria, Jordan and Egypt. Syria (Khnei...
Maastrichtian marine reptiles of the Mediterranean Tethys: a palaeobiogeographical approach
The Mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris
Stratigraphy and paleoecology of the middle Pierre Shale along the Missouri River, central South Dakota
A study of the Pierre Shale was undertaken, focusing on two measured sections along the eastern side of the Missouri River near Fort Thompson, South Dakota. The members of the Pierre Shale represented within these sections are, successively, the Gregory, Crow Creek, DeGrey, and Verendrye. Micropaleontologic samples were analyzed, with factor analysis performed to classify the assemblages. Four foraminiferal biofacies are recognized: two predominantly agglutinated, Boreal in origin, one shallower and the other deeper; one composed of calcareous benthic foraminifers, Tethyan in origin; and a fourth, which represents a mixed assemblage, transitional between the others. 87 Strontium/ 86 Strontium age estimation yielded 12 usable results. Samples from near the Baculites compressus Biozone yielded an age of ca. 72.43 ± 2 Ma. An average 87 Sr/ 86 Sr date of 72.41 ± 2 Ma was determined from fossil shells near a Globidens sp. excavation site within the upper DeGrey Member. More equivocal dates of 74.58, 74.63, and 75.09 ± 2 Ma were determined for the basal Crow Creek Member, a calcareous sandy siltstone within the upper Gregory Member, and the B. gregoryensis Biozone at the base of the section, respectively. Based on this study, the Gregory Member is interpreted as a highstand systems tract but as a part of the regressive pulse of the Claggett depositional cycle; the Crow Creek and DeGrey Members are the result of the Bearpaw transgression (a transgressive systems tract), and the boundary between the DeGrey and Verendrye Members is interpreted as a maximum flooding surface; and the Verendrye Member is a highstand systems tract. The distinct, calcareous sandy siltstone unit in the upper Gregory Member, herein named the Fort Thompson Beds, is interpreted to represent a storm-dominated deposit.