Abstract The Granite Point field was discovered by the Pan American Tyonek State 18742-1 well in July of 1965. The well encountered more than 300 ft (91 m) of net pay in the Tyonek Formation between 8000 and 9000 ft (2438 to 2743 m) TVD. The well produced 2455 BOPD from 40 ft (12 m) of perforations within this interval on a drill stem test. Appraisal drilling proceeded over the following 14 months, confirming the downdip extent of the field and testing oil from the Hemlock Formation. Shallow gas has been detected in the Beluga Formation and produced from the Tyonek at less than 1000 MCFGPD for use in providing fuel to the field facilities. Original oil in place is estimated to be 730 MMBO. Field development begain with the setting of three oil production platforms by early 1967. Production peaked at close to 53,000 BOPD then began a rapid decline until a continuous water injection program was instituted. Since that time, the field has been on roughly a 10% decline, having produced more than 145 MMBO with a current rate of mroe than 2000 BOPD.

Abstract This field trip explores the role of geology in the origins and production of a distinctly American distilled spirit. Bourbon whiskey originated in the late 1700s and early 1800s in the Bluegrass region of north-central Kentucky. The Inner Bluegrass is marked by fertile, residual soils developed on karstified Ordovician limestones. Corn was grown, ground, fermented, and distilled to yield a high-value product that would not spoil. The chemistry of limestone water (dilute calcium-bicarbonate type with near-neutral pH) limits dissolved iron and promotes fermentation. Many farms and settlements were located near perennial springs, whose relatively cool temperatures (~13–15 °C) facilitated condensation of steam during distillation. We will visit three historically significant springs. Royal Spring in Georgetown was an early site of whiskey production and is one of the few springs in Kentucky still used for municipal water supply. McConnell Springs was the purported site of Lexington’s founding and occupies a karst window in which distilleries once operated. Cove Spring in Frankfort was the site of the first public water supply west of the Allegheny Mountains. We will also tour two distilleries: Woodford Reserve (among the oldest and smallest in the state, and a National Historic Landmark) and Four Roses (listed on the National Register of Historic Places).