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commodities
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elements, isotopes
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- isotopes
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  - stable isotopes
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- metals
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  - alkali metals
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    - radium
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      - Sr-87/Sr-86 (53)
  - aluminum
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        lower Miocene
        
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        upper Miocene
        
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        lower Eocene
        
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        upper Eocene
        
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        lower Oligocene (10)
        
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        Vicksburg Group (3)
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        Clayton Formation (1)
        
        lower Paleocene
        
        Danian (10)
        
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        upper Paleocene
        
        Tiffanian (1)
      - Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (9)
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  - upper Cenozoic
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    - Middle Cretaceous
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        Dinosaur Park Formation (3)
        
        lower Campanian (1)
        
        upper Campanian (3)
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        lower Cenomanian (1)
        
        upper Cenomanian (2)
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      - Ferron Sandstone Member (2)
      - Fox Hills Formation (1)
      - Fruitland Formation (2)
      - Gammon Ferruginous Member (1)
      - Greenhorn Limestone (1)
      - Gulfian
        
        Aguja Formation (3)
        
        Austin Group (1)
        
        Eagle Ford Formation (4)
        
        Woodbine Formation (3)
      - Hell Creek Formation (5)
      - Horseshoe Canyon Formation (6)
      - Javelina Formation (2)
      - Judith River Formation (4)
      - Kaiparowits Formation (3)
      - Kanguk Formation (2)
      - Kirtland Shale (1)
      - K-T boundary (15)
      - La Luna Formation (1)
      - Lameta Formation (1)
      - Lance Formation (2)
      - Laramie Formation (1)
      - Lewis Shale (2)
      - Maestrichtian
        
        lower Maestrichtian (3)
        
        upper Maestrichtian (1)
      - Maevarano Formation (1)
      - Mesaverde Group (2)
      - Middendorf Formation (2)
      - Milk River Formation (1)
      - Niobrara Formation (1)
      - Ojo Alamo Sandstone (2)
      - Oldman Formation (3)
      - Pierre Shale (5)
      - Prince Creek Formation (2)
      - Saint Mary River Formation (1)
      - Santonian (4)
      - Senonian (23)
      - Sharon Springs Member (1)
      - Straight Cliffs Formation (3)
      - Turonian
        
        lower Turonian (1)
        
        middle Turonian (1)
        
        upper Turonian (1)
      - Two Medicine Formation (5)
      - Williams Fork Formation (1)
  - Franciscan Complex (8)
  - Glen Canyon Group (1)
  - Great Valley Sequence (2)
  - Jurassic
    - Bazhenov Formation (1)
    - Carmel Formation (2)
    - Clarens Formation (5)
    - Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
    - Heather Formation (1)
    - Lower Jurassic
      - Hettangian (4)
      - lower Liassic (4)
      - Pliensbachian (3)
      - Sinemurian (2)
      - Toarcian (6)
      - Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
      - upper Liassic (2)
    - Middle Jurassic
      - Aalenian (6)
      - Bajocian
        
        Brent Group (2)
        
        Ness Formation (2)
        
        Tarbert Formation (1)
      - Bathonian
        
        Great Oolite Group (2)
      - Callovian (4)
      - Dogger (1)
      - Page Sandstone (1)
    - Norphlet Formation (1)
    - Opalinus Clay (2)
    - Oxford Clay (1)
    - San Rafael Group (1)
    - Smartville Complex (1)
    - Upper Jurassic
      - Brushy Basin Member (2)
      - Buckner Formation (1)
      - Entrada Sandstone (3)
      - Galice Formation (3)
      - Josephine Ophiolite (4)
      - Kimmeridge Clay (1)
      - Kimmeridgian
        
        upper Kimmeridgian (1)
      - Morrison Formation (10)
      - Naknek Formation (1)
      - Oxfordian (5)
      - Portlandian (1)
      - Smackover Formation (2)
      - Sundance Formation (1)
      - Tithonian (1)
      - Volgian (1)
  - Kayenta Formation (1)
  - lower Mesozoic (4)
  - Maiolica Limestone (1)
  - Moenave Formation (1)
  - Murihiku Supergroup (1)
  - Navajo Sandstone (4)
  - Nugget Sandstone (1)
  - Orocopia Schist (1)
  - Serra Geral Formation (1)
  - Triassic
    - Fremouw Formation (2)
    - Hallstatt Limestone (2)
    - Liard Formation (1)
    - Lower Triassic
      - Bunter (2)
      - Griesbachian (1)
      - Olenekian (1)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (18)
      - Smithian (1)
      - Spathian (1)
    - Middle Triassic
      - Anisian (7)
      - Doig Formation (1)
      - Ladinian (2)
    - Moenkopi Formation (5)
    - Montney Formation (3)
    - Sherwood Sandstone (1)
    - Upper Triassic
      - Carnian
        
        Ischigualasto Formation (3)
      - Chinle Formation (21)
      - Mercia Mudstone (4)
      - Molteno Formation (1)
      - Norian (12)
      - Petrified Forest Member (3)
      - Redonda Formation (1)
      - Rhaetian
        
        Penarth Group (3)
      - Shinarump Member (1)
      - Stormberg Series (1)
      - Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
      - Xujiahe Formation (1)
  - upper Mesozoic (2)
  - Yanshanian (1)
- MIS 2 (5)
- MIS 3 (7)
- MIS 5 (6)
- MIS 6 (6)
- MIS 7 (3)
- Moldanubian (2)
- Paleozoic
  - Berea Sandstone (4)
  - Cambrian
    - Acadian (3)
    - Bonanza King Formation (1)
    - Carrara Formation (1)
    - Lower Cambrian
      - Chilhowee Group (1)
      - Poleta Formation (1)
      - Terreneuvian (3)
      - Tommotian (2)
    - Middle Cambrian
      - Flathead Sandstone (1)
    - Semri Series (1)
    - Upper Cambrian
      - Eau Claire Formation (1)
      - Furongian (1)
      - Mount Simon Sandstone (2)
      - Steptoean (1)
  - Carboniferous
    - Albert Formation (2)
    - Benxi Formation (2)
    - Big Snowy Group (1)
    - Jackfork Group (3)
    - Johns Valley Formation (1)
    - Lower Carboniferous
      - Asbian (1)
      - Dinantian (9)
    - Middle Carboniferous (1)
    - Mississippian
      - Barnett Shale (2)
      - Lower Mississippian
        
        Kinderhookian
        
        Banff Formation (1)
        
        Lake Valley Formation (1)
        
        Lodgepole Formation (2)
        
        Osagian
        
        Burlington Limestone (1)
        
        Pocono Formation (2)
        
        Tournaisian (7)
      - Madison Group (1)
      - Middle Mississippian
        
        Visean
        
        upper Visean (2)
      - Stanley Group (1)
      - Upper Mississippian
        
        Chesterian (2)
        
        Fayetteville Formation (2)
        
        Hartselle Sandstone (2)
        
        Heath Formation (1)
        
        Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
        
        Meramecian
        
        Salem Limestone (1)
        
        Serpukhovian (5)
      - Valmeyeran (1)
    - Namurian (6)
    - Pennsylvanian
      - Brazil Formation (1)
      - Conemaugh Group (5)
      - Cumberland Group (1)
      - Lower Pennsylvanian
        
        Bashkirian (1)
        
        Caseyville Formation (1)
        
        Morrowan
        
        Bloyd Formation (1)
      - Middle Pennsylvanian
        
        Allegheny Group (3)
        
        Atokan
        
        Atoka Formation (3)
        
        Carbondale Formation (1)
        
        Desmoinesian (3)
        
        Moscovian (5)
        
        Paradox Formation (1)
        
        Staunton Formation (1)
      - Minturn Formation (1)
      - Monongahela Group (5)
      - Pottsville Group (2)
      - Sharon Conglomerate (1)
      - Upper Pennsylvanian
        
        Cisco Group (1)
        
        Glenshaw Formation (1)
        
        Gzhelian (2)
        
        Kasimovian (2)
        
        Missourian
        
        Lansing Group (1)
        
        Virgilian
        
        Douglas Group (1)
        
        Lawrence Formation (1)
        
        Shawnee Group (1)
    - Springer Formation (1)
    - Upper Carboniferous
      - Millstone Grit (3)
      - Stephanian (6)
      - Westphalian (11)
  - Catskill Formation (7)
  - Chattanooga Shale (2)
  - Deadwood Formation (3)
  - Devonian
    - Fisset Brook Formation (1)
    - Genesee Group (1)
    - Keg River Formation (1)
    - Lower Devonian
      - Battery Point Formation (1)
      - Coeymans Formation (1)
      - Dittonian (2)
      - Emsian (5)
      - Gedinnian (1)
      - Littleton Formation (1)
      - Lochkovian (4)
      - Manlius Formation (1)
      - Oriskany Sandstone (8)
      - Pragian (2)
      - Shap Granite (1)
      - Siegenian (1)
    - Middle Devonian
      - Eifelian (4)
      - Givetian (4)
      - Hamilton Group (2)
      - Marcellus Shale (5)
      - Onondaga Limestone (2)
      - Prairie Evaporite (1)
      - Tully Limestone (1)
    - Millboro Shale (1)
    - Old Red Sandstone (14)
    - Ramparts Formation (1)
    - Slave Point Formation (1)
    - Swan Hills Formation (1)
    - Upper Devonian
      - Famennian
        
        upper Famennian (4)
        
        Wabamun Group (1)
      - Frasnian
        
        Leduc Formation (1)
      - Hampshire Formation (2)
      - Huron Member (1)
      - Ohio Shale (1)
      - Palliser Formation (1)
    - Waterways Formation (1)
  - Downtonian (1)
  - Dunkard Group (5)
  - Ellis Bay Formation (1)
  - Gfohl Unit (1)
  - Horton Group (3)
  - Itarare Subgroup (2)
  - Keyser Limestone (1)
  - Knox Group (2)
  - Lisburne Group (1)
  - lower Paleozoic
    - Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
    - Conococheague Formation (1)
  - Madera Formation (1)
  - Maroon Formation (3)
  - middle Paleozoic (1)
  - Minnelusa Formation (2)
  - New Albany Shale (1)
  - Ordovician
    - Chickamauga Group (1)
    - Lexington Limestone (1)
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Arenigian
        
        Ballantrae Complex (1)
      - Ellenburger Group (2)
      - Manitou Formation (1)
      - Tremadocian (1)
    - Middle Ordovician
      - Bromide Formation (1)
      - Chazyan (1)
      - Darriwilian (1)
      - Everton Formation (1)
      - Llandeilian (1)
      - Normanskill Formation (1)
    - Pogonip Group (1)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Ashgillian (2)
      - Bighorn Dolomite (1)
      - Caradocian (3)
      - Cincinnatian
        
        Maysvillian (1)
        
        Richmondian (3)
      - Hirnantian (3)
      - Juniata Formation (1)
      - Katian (2)
      - Kope Formation (1)
      - Maquoketa Formation (1)
      - Sandbian (1)
      - Trentonian (2)
    - Viola Limestone (1)
  - Permian
    - Buckley Formation (1)
    - Castile Formation (2)
    - Coconino Sandstone (2)
    - Glorieta Sandstone (1)
    - Guadalupian
      - Bell Canyon Formation (2)
      - Capitanian (1)
      - Roadian (2)
      - Wordian (1)
    - Kaibab Formation (3)
    - Kamthi Formation (1)
    - Lower Permian
      - Barakar Stage (2)
      - Cisuralian
        
        Artinskian (2)
        
        Kungurian (2)
        
        Sakmarian (1)
      - Leonardian
        
        Clear Fork Group (1)
      - Wolfcampian (1)
    - Lyons Sandstone (1)
    - Middle Permian (4)
    - Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
    - Park City Formation (1)
    - Phosphoria Formation (4)
    - Rio Bonito Formation (1)
    - Rotliegendes (2)
    - Toroweap Formation (1)
    - Upper Permian
      - Kazanian (1)
      - Lopingian
        
        Changhsingian (2)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (18)
      - Zechstein (2)
  - Rangeley Formation (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Llandovery
        
        Aeronian (2)
        
        Telychian (2)
      - Qalibah Formation (1)
      - Tuscarora Formation (2)
      - Wenlock
        
        Homerian (1)
        
        Much Wenlock Limestone (1)
    - Middle Silurian
      - Clinton Group (1)
      - Rose Hill Formation (1)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Bloomsburg Formation (1)
      - Ludlow
        
        Gorstian (2)
        
        Ludfordian (1)
      - Pridoli (3)
      - Salina Group (1)
  - Supai Formation (2)
  - Taiyuan Formation (1)
  - Talchir Formation (3)
  - Tensleep Sandstone (1)
  - upper Paleozoic
    - Antrim Shale (1)
    - Bakken Formation (1)
    - Shanxi Formation (1)
  - Woodford Shale (4)
- Phanerozoic (24)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Fig Tree Group (1)
    - Gilman Formation (1)
    - Mesoarchean (2)
    - Neoarchean
      - Dharwar Supergroup (3)
    - Paleoarchean
      - Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
    - Peninsular Gneiss (2)
    - Sausar Series (1)
    - Vermilion granitic complex (1)
  - Baltimore Gneiss (1)
  - Catoctin Formation (2)
  - Chuar Group (1)
  - Cuddapah System (1)
  - Delhi Supergroup (1)
  - Hadean (2)
  - Lewisian Complex (2)
  - North Shore Volcanics (2)
  - Onverwacht Group (1)
  - Osler Series (1)
  - Pongola Supergroup (1)
  - Prichard Formation (1)
  - Purcell System (1)
  - Stillwater Complex (1)
  - Transvaal Supergroup (3)
  - Uinta Mountain Group (2)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Mahakoshal Group (2)
    - Proterozoic
      - Great Oxidation Event (1)
      - Huronian (3)
      - Keweenawan
        
        Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
      - Kombolgie Formation (1)
      - Lewisian (2)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Apache Group (1)
        
        Belt Supergroup (5)
        
        Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
        
        Hiltaba Suite (1)
        
        Stenian (1)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Cryogenian (3)
        
        Ediacaran
        
        Wonoka Formation (1)
        
        Lynchburg Formation (1)
        
        Marinoan (2)
        
        Moine Supergroup (3)
        
        Moinian (4)
        
        Otavi Group (1)
        
        Riphean (1)
        
        Sturtian (4)
        
        Tonian (1)
        
        Torridonian (3)
        
        Vendian (16)
      - Oronto Group (1)
      - Paleoproterozoic
        
        Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
      - Pocatello Formation (1)
      - Windermere System (3)
  - Ventersdorp Supergroup (2)
- Rhenohercynian (2)
- Saxothuringian (1)
- Vindhyan (4)
igneous rocks
- agglutinates (1)
- extrusive rocks (1)
- igneous rocks
  - carbonatites (5)
  - feldspathoid rocks (2)
  - granophyre (1)
  - kimberlite (9)
  - peperite (1)
  - picrite (1)
  - plutonic rocks
    - anorthosite (5)
    - appinite (1)
    - diabase (7)
    - diorites
      - plagiogranite (1)
      - quartz diorites (6)
      - tonalite (10)
      - trondhjemite (1)
    - gabbros
      - alkali gabbros (1)
      - norite (3)
      - olivine gabbro (1)
    - granites
      - alkali granites (1)
      - aplite (2)
      - A-type granites (3)
      - charnockite (4)
      - granite porphyry (2)
      - I-type granites (4)
      - leucogranite (4)
      - monzogranite (3)
      - S-type granites (4)
      - two-mica granite (2)
    - granodiorites (17)
    - lamprophyres
      - minette (1)
    - monzodiorite (2)
    - monzonites (3)
    - pegmatite (14)
    - quartz monzonite (3)
    - syenites
      - alkali syenites (1)
      - nepheline syenite
        
        agpaite (1)
        
        miaskite (1)
    - ultramafics
      - chromitite (5)
      - hornblendite (1)
      - peridotites
        
        dunite (4)
        
        harzburgite (3)
        
        lherzolite (3)
      - pyroxenite
        
        clinopyroxenite (2)
        
        garnet pyroxenite (1)
        
        orthopyroxenite (2)
        
        websterite (1)
  - porphyry
    - vitrophyre (2)
  - volcanic rocks
    - adakites (1)
    - andesites
      - boninite (4)
    - basalts
      - alkali basalts
        
        alkali olivine basalt (1)
      - columnar basalt (1)
      - flood basalts (19)
      - mid-ocean ridge basalts (7)
      - ocean-island basalts (4)
      - tholeiite (4)
      - tholeiitic basalt (4)
      - trap rocks (1)
    - basanite
      - ankaramite (1)
    - dacites (10)
    - glasses
      - obsidian (3)
      - perlite (1)
      - pitchstone (1)
      - volcanic glass (5)
    - komatiite (4)
    - nephelinite (3)
    - phonolites (6)
    - pyroclastics
      - ash-flow tuff (7)
      - green tuff (1)
      - hyaloclastite (1)
      - ignimbrite (23)
      - pumice (5)
      - rhyolite tuff (1)
      - scoria (1)
      - tuff (39)
      - welded tuff (3)
    - rhyodacites (2)
    - rhyolites
      - pantellerite (1)
    - tephrite (1)
    - trachytes (4)
    - vitrophyre (2)
- ophiolite (34)
- volcanic ash (10)
- wehrlite (1)
metamorphic rocks
- K-bentonite (1)
- metamorphic rocks
  - amphibolites (9)
  - cataclasites (2)
  - eclogite (6)
  - fulgurite (1)
  - gneisses
    - granite gneiss (2)
    - orthogneiss (4)
    - paragneiss (3)
  - granulites
    - leptite (1)
  - hornfels (1)
  - impactites
    - impact breccia (1)
  - jadeitite (1)
  - marbles
    - ophicalcite (1)
  - metacarbonate rocks (1)
  - metaigneous rocks
    - metabasite (1)
    - metadiorite (2)
    - metagabbro (1)
    - metagranite (1)
    - serpentinite (9)
  - metasedimentary rocks
    - khondalite (2)
    - metapelite (5)
    - metasandstone (1)
    - paragneiss (3)
  - metasomatic rocks
    - rodingite (1)
    - serpentinite (9)
    - skarn (7)
  - metavolcanic rocks (6)
  - migmatites (9)
  - mylonites
    - blastomylonite (1)
    - pseudotachylite (4)
    - ultramylonite (2)
  - phyllites (4)
  - quartzites (15)
  - schists
    - blueschist (2)
    - greenschist (1)
  - slates (4)
- ophiolite (34)
- turbidite (18)
meteorites
- meteorites
  - stony irons
    - lodranite (1)
  - stony meteorites
    - acapulcoite (1)
    - achondrites
      - angrite (1)
      - diogenite (1)
      - eucrite (1)
      - howardite (1)
      - Martian meteorites
        
        SNC Meteorites
        
        chassignite
        
        Chassigny Meteorite (1)
        
        nakhlite
        
        Nakhla Meteorite (1)
        
        shergottite (1)
      - ureilite (1)
    - chondrites
      - carbonaceous chondrites (1)
      - enstatite chondrites (1)
      - ordinary chondrites
        
        H chondrites
        
        Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
minerals
- alloys
  - carbides
    - cohenite (1)
    - moissanite (1)
- antimonides
  - dyscrasite (1)
- arsenates
  - mimetite (1)
  - pharmacosiderite (1)
- arsenides
  - cobaltite (1)
- arsenites (1)
- borates (1)
- carbonates
  - ankerite (1)
  - aragonite (4)
  - azurite (1)
  - bastnaesite (2)
  - calcite (25)
  - cerussite (1)
  - dolomite (8)
  - huntite (1)
  - hydromagnesite (1)
  - hydrotalcite (1)
  - leadhillite (1)
  - magnesian calcite (1)
  - magnesite (1)
  - malachite (1)
  - siderite (6)
  - sjogrenite (1)
  - smithsonite (1)
  - sphaerosiderite (2)
  - vaterite (1)
- halides
  - chlorides
    - eudialyte (1)
    - halite (6)
    - mimetite (1)
    - pyromorphite (1)
    - sylvite (2)
    - vanadinite (1)
  - fluorides
    - bastnaesite (2)
    - fluorite (7)
  - iodides (1)
- iodates (1)
- K-bentonite (1)
- manganese minerals (1)
- minerals (14)
- molybdates (1)
- native elements
  - diamond (1)
  - graphite (3)
  - lonsdaleite (1)
- nitrates (3)
- organic minerals
  - amber (10)
- oxalates
  - whewellite (1)
- oxides
  - aluminum oxides (1)
  - anatase (3)
  - baddeleyite (2)
  - birnessite (1)
  - brucite (1)
  - buserite (1)
  - cassiterite (1)
  - chrome spinel (2)
  - chromite (5)
  - cryptomelane (3)
  - ferrihydrite (1)
  - gahnite (1)
  - gibbsite (6)
  - goethite (8)
  - hematite (10)
  - hollandite (2)
  - hydroxides
    - iron hydroxides (1)
    - oxyhydroxides (1)
    - schoepite (1)
  - ilmenite (2)
  - iron oxides (9)
  - lepidocrocite (1)
  - magnetite (10)
  - niobates
    - columbite (1)
  - pyrolusite (3)
  - ramsdellite (1)
  - rutile (5)
  - spinel (1)
  - tantalates
    - microlite (2)
    - tantalite (2)
    - wodginite (1)
  - uraninite (2)
- phosphates
  - apatite (29)
  - crandallite (2)
  - fluorapatite (3)
  - goyazite (1)
  - hydroxylapatite (1)
  - monazite (12)
  - plumbogummite (1)
  - pyromorphite (1)
  - rhabdophane (1)
  - torbernite (1)
  - turquoise (1)
  - variscite (1)
  - vivianite (1)
  - wavellite (1)
  - whitlockite (1)
  - xenotime (3)
- platinum minerals (2)
- selenates (1)
- silicates
  - aluminosilicates (2)
  - asbestos (2)
  - chain silicates
    - aenigmatite group
      - sapphirine (1)
    - amphibole group
      - clinoamphibole
        
        hastingsite (5)
        
        hornblende (6)
        
        pargasite (3)
    - astrophyllite (1)
    - jade (1)
    - pyroxene group
      - clinopyroxene
        
        aegirine (1)
        
        diopside (1)
        
        hedenbergite (1)
        
        jadeite (1)
        
        omphacite (1)
      - orthopyroxene (3)
    - wollastonite group
      - wollastonite (2)
  - feldspathoids (1)
  - framework silicates
    - feldspar group
      - alkali feldspar
        
        adularia (1)
        
        anorthoclase (1)
        
        K-feldspar (5)
        
        sanidine (5)
      - antiperthite (1)
      - plagioclase
        
        albite (1)
        
        anorthite (1)
    - nepheline group
      - nepheline (1)
    - silica minerals
      - agate (3)
      - amethyst (1)
      - chalcedony (4)
      - coesite (1)
      - cristobalite (2)
      - moganite (2)
      - opal
        
        opal-A (2)
        
        opal-CT (1)
      - quartz (25)
      - tridymite (2)
    - sodalite group
      - hauyne (1)
      - sodalite (1)
    - zeolite group
      - analcime (3)
      - erionite (1)
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