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Flatbed Creek

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A) Doe Creek allomembers 2 to 4 exposed in Flatbed Creek section 2 (arrows indicate the top of each allomember). Note sharp-based, forced regressive delta-front sandstones in the upper parts of allomembers 2A, 3 and 4. The top of these sandstones are rooted and have dinosaur tracks. The top of allomember 2 is marked by a subtle rooted paleosol developed on a marine mudstone. Figure for scale.
 B) Doe Creek allomembers 5 and 6 (tops marked by arrows), exposed in Flatbed Creek section 2. The top of allomember 5 is close to stream level and is marked by a blocky rooted paleosol separating dark marine mudstones above and below. Clean white sandstones capping allomember 6 are hummocky and swaley cross-stratified. Figure for scale.
Published: 01 June 2006
Fig. 12. A) Doe Creek allomembers 2 to 4 exposed in Flatbed Creek section 2 (arrows indicate the top of each allomember). Note sharp-based, forced regressive delta-front sandstones in the upper parts of allomembers 2A, 3 and 4. The top of these sandstones are rooted and have dinosaur tracks
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A) Doe Creek allomembers 2 to 4 exposed in Flatbed Creek section 2 (arrows indicate the top of each allomember). Note sharp-based, forced regressive delta-front sandstones in the upper parts of allomembers 2A, 3 and 4. The top of these sandstones are rooted and have dinosaur tracks. The top of allomember 2 is marked by a subtle rooted paleosol developed on a marine mudstone. Figure for scale.
 B) Doe Creek allomembers 5 and 6 (tops marked by arrows), exposed in Flatbed Creek section 2. The top of allomember 5 is close to stream level and is marked by a blocky rooted paleosol separating dark marine mudstones above and below. Clean white sandstones capping allomember 6 are hummocky and swaley cross-stratified. Figure for scale.
Published: 01 June 2006
Fig. 12. A) Doe Creek allomembers 2 to 4 exposed in Flatbed Creek section 2 (arrows indicate the top of each allomember). Note sharp-based, forced regressive delta-front sandstones in the upper parts of allomembers 2A, 3 and 4. The top of these sandstones are rooted and have dinosaur tracks
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Heterolithic facies B. A. Flatbed Creek, allomember 2A (site 7) showing cm-scale interstratified very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone with BI 0–1, sharply overlain by HCS sandstone of facies D. B. Heterolithic succession below shoreface sandstone. Heterolithic facies is incised by a channel filled with current rippled very fine sandstone, showing convolute bedding in the upper part; upper part of allomember 2A, Flatbed Creek site 3. C. Sharp- and erosive-based beds of very fine sandstone alternating with mudstone. Trace fossils include Asterosoma (As), Chondrites (Ch), Palaeophycus (Pa), Planolites (P), Skolithos (Sk), and Teichichnus (T); 6-9-77-8W6M, 630.3 m. D. Heterolithic facies but with somewhat more intense bioturbation (BI 3–4), including Chondrites (Ch), Cylindrichnus (Cy), Diplocraterion (D), Helminthopsis (He), Planolites and Zoophycos (Z); 6-26-67-10W6M, 1671.1 m. E. Heterolithic facies (FB), overlain by bioturbated facies (FC), mudstone facies (FA) and sandstone facies (FD). 6-25-75-10W6M, 710–712.7 m.
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 9. Heterolithic facies B. A. Flatbed Creek, allomember 2A (site 7) showing cm-scale interstratified very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone with BI 0–1, sharply overlain by HCS sandstone of facies D. B. Heterolithic succession below shoreface sandstone. Heterolithic facies is incised
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A. 30 cm coal capping allomember AX5 in Flatbed Creek (see Fig. 11). Coal is erosively overlain at transgressive surface X by a 1.2 m thick oyster biostrome that marks the base of the Doe Creek unit. B. Detail of mixture of attached and broken oyster shells, with an associated fauna of Brachydontes and encrusting serpulid worms. C. Plan view of oyster bed showing large, horizontal, mutually-intersecting burrows, probably attributable to large arthropods, filled with broken oyster shells. D. Partially preserved carapace and appendages of an arthropod found in association with the burrows shown in C.
Published: 01 March 2019
Figure 19. A. 30 cm coal capping allomember AX5 in Flatbed Creek (see Fig. 11 ). Coal is erosively overlain at transgressive surface X by a 1.2 m thick oyster biostrome that marks the base of the Doe Creek unit. B. Detail of mixture of attached and broken oyster shells, with an associated fauna
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Dip section line 2 extending from outcrop on Flatbed Creek, across the central part of the basin to outcrop on the Peace River at Pratts Landing. Note eastward pinch-out of deltaic sandstones in the Doe Creek unit (allomembers 1–8) and reappearance of lowstand sandstones east of the provincial border. In the far east at Pratts Landing, allomembers 1, 2, 3 and 4 include nonmarine facies. Sandstones of the Pouce Coupe unit (allomembers 9–16) grade into mudstone towards the west, and are truncated by the K1 surface to the east. Datum for all cross-sections is the K1 unconformity. Shaded areas in Figures 6 to 11 denote clean sandstone.
Published: 01 June 2006
Fig. 6. Dip section line 2 extending from outcrop on Flatbed Creek, across the central part of the basin to outcrop on the Peace River at Pratts Landing. Note eastward pinch-out of deltaic sandstones in the Doe Creek unit (allomembers 1–8) and reappearance of lowstand sandstones east
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Facies D. Stratified sandstone. A. Swaley and trough cross-stratified fine sandstone, uppermost shoreface sandstone in allomember 2A at Flatbed Creek site 4, where it forms the ‘Lower Flatbed Falls’ of local terminology. B. Unit of large-scale trough cross-bedded sandstone locally incised into SCS sandstone shown in A, probably representing a distributary channel; Flatbed Creek, site 5, encircled hammer = 32 cm long. The top of this sandstone bears Tetrapodosaurus borealis, ascribed to ankylosaurs, and was the first dinosaur track-bearing surface to be discovered in Flatbed Creek (McCrea, 2003). C. Planar-stratified and wave-rippled fine sandstone beds forming a shoreface at the top of allomember 4 at Flatbed Creek site 2. D. Uppermost part of sandstone shown in C, showing wave-rippled surfaces, and washed-out dinosaur footprint (arrow) - one of ten prints forming a trackway. E. Upper surface of shoreface sandstone capping allomember 4 showing heavily dinosaur-trampled surface, including tracks of ankylosaurs and several types of theropod (McCrea, 2003); Flatbed Creek site 5 (lens cap, encircled = 53 mm diameter). This sandstone forms the ‘Upper Flatbed Falls’ or the ‘Cabin Pool Site’ of McCrea (2003). F. Detail of theropod track from surface shown in E; lens cap = 53 mm diameter.
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 13. Facies D. Stratified sandstone. A. Swaley and trough cross-stratified fine sandstone, uppermost shoreface sandstone in allomember 2A at Flatbed Creek site 4, where it forms the ‘Lower Flatbed Falls’ of local terminology. B. Unit of large-scale trough cross-bedded sandstone locally
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Facies A, Thinly-bedded mudstone. A. Mudstone exposed near the base of allomember 1 in Flatbed Creek; brown resistant bands comprise flattened siderite nodules (hammer = 32 cm long). B. Mudstone containing in-situ, vertically-oriented inoceramid bivalve (margin indicated by arrows), basal 2 m of allomember 1, Flatbed Creek (scale bar in this and subsequent images = 20 cm). C. Core through facies A showing variable content of silt and very fine sand beds. Thin graded beds with low Bioturbation Index (BI) in upper right corner contrast with highly bioturbated silt-rich portion in lower left. 6-3-72-11W6M, 1196.5–1204 m; each core sleeve = 75 cm.
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 7. Facies A, Thinly-bedded mudstone. A. Mudstone exposed near the base of allomember 1 in Flatbed Creek; brown resistant bands comprise flattened siderite nodules (hammer = 32 cm long). B. Mudstone containing in-situ, vertically-oriented inoceramid bivalve (margin indicated by arrows
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Isolith maps for ‘clean’ (approximate<approximatelyAPI 75) sandstone-rich rock in allomembers 1 through 2A. Paleocurrent data from equivalent outcrop sections are also shown. Note that allomembers 1 through 8 constitute the Doe Creek unit. GC = gutter cast long axes; TXB = trough cross-bedding; WR = wave ripple crest trend. Only allomember 1 contains an appreciable volume of sandstone, confined to the basin margin. Outcrop at Dickebusch Creek (DBC) and Flatbed Creek (FBC) shows that sandstones are thin (1–2 m) sharp-based shoreface deposits (see Figs. 10, 12).
Published: 01 June 2019
cross-bedding; WR = wave ripple crest trend. Only allomember 1 contains an appreciable volume of sandstone, confined to the basin margin. Outcrop at Dickebusch Creek (DBC) and Flatbed Creek (FBC) shows that sandstones are thin (1–2 m) sharp-based shoreface deposits (see Figs. 10 , 12 ).
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Details of disarticulated shell beds forming reworked lags within facies A mudstone. A. Two species of Corbula; B. Lag comprising mainly disarticulated oysters and Brachydontes cf. multilinigera Meek (McLearn, 1945); (scale marked in 1 cm divisions). C. Large oysters, possibly Ostrea soleniscus Meek (Stanton, 1893); D. Detail of internal surface of oyster shell showing encrusting serpulid worm tubes (coin = 18 mm diameter). Allomember A, Flatbed Creek.
Published: 01 June 2019
Ostrea soleniscus Meek ( Stanton, 1893 ); D. Detail of internal surface of oyster shell showing encrusting serpulid worm tubes (coin = 18 mm diameter). Allomember A, Flatbed Creek.
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Isolith map of clean sandstone in AX3. Highstand sandstones are confined to the NW, and wave ripples measured in Flatbed Creek indicate a shoreline trending NNE-SSW. A large elongate sandbody up to 7 m thick, interpreted as a wave-influenced lowstand shoreface, crops out at Torrens River (see Fig. 20), as a sharp-based, HCS and bioturbated sandstone. Wave ripples and orthogonal gutter casts measured at Torrens River indicate a NE-SW trending shoreline.
Published: 01 March 2019
Figure 26. Isolith map of clean sandstone in AX3. Highstand sandstones are confined to the NW, and wave ripples measured in Flatbed Creek indicate a shoreline trending NNE-SSW. A large elongate sandbody up to 7 m thick, interpreted as a wave-influenced lowstand shoreface, crops out at Torrens
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Figure 3. Cross section oriented SW-NE, transverse to axis of the basin (Fig. 2). Combined unconformity and/or flooding surfaces bounding sequences 1–6 in Flatbed Creek are correlated (on the basis of hundreds of well logs; details in Kreitner and Plint, 2006) to outcrop on distal side of the basin where paleosols also bound sequences 1–3. Sharp-based, clean sandstone bodies in sequences 4, 5, and 6 are interpreted as delta-front deposits emplaced in basin center at lowstand. Dashed lines in cored wells are simplified representation of resistivity log.
Published: 01 August 2007
Figure 3. Cross section oriented SW-NE, transverse to axis of the basin (Fig. 2) . Combined unconformity and/or flooding surfaces bounding sequences 1–6 in Flatbed Creek are correlated (on the basis of hundreds of well logs; details in Kreitner and Plint, 2006 ) to outcrop on distal side
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Heterolithic facies. A. Sandier-upward, heterolithic succession of facies B in allomember 2, Dickebusch Creek site 8. B. Sharp base of SCS shoreface sandstone (facies D), underlain by heterolithic facies with large isolated gutter casts; allomember 2 Dickebusch Creek site 8. C. Longitudinal side view of a gutter cast in heterolithic facies showing HCS within the gutter fill; allomember 1, Flatbed Creek site 4. D. Exhumed gutter cast (loose, inverted; scale bar = 20 cm) showing rounded landward (NW) end and scratch and prod-marks on the gutter walls; Dickebusch Creek site 8. E. Large gutter cast capped by a lens of HCS sandstone, enclosed by thinly-bedded heterolithic facies; allomember 8; Doe Creek. F. Small-scale gutter cast in bioturbated heterolithic facies; 11-33-71-12W6M, 1240 m.
Published: 01 June 2019
. Longitudinal side view of a gutter cast in heterolithic facies showing HCS within the gutter fill; allomember 1, Flatbed Creek site 4. D. Exhumed gutter cast (loose, inverted; scale bar = 20 cm) showing rounded landward (NW) end and scratch and prod-marks on the gutter walls; Dickebusch Creek site 8. E. Large
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Generic summary of lateral facies relationships around the Doe Creek depocentre, with facies A through H indicated beside each log. Sections in Flatbed Creek in the far west show that 1–3 m thick shoreface/delta-front sandstones can pass laterally into nested gutter casts in 1–2 km, and sand can completely disappear in 2–3 km, suggesting inefficient wave redistribution of sand away from river-mouths. In the dip direction, highstand to falling-stage shoreface sandstones (facies D/E), commonly pinch out seaward into heterolithic or bioturbated facies B and C, but reappear as sharp-based, falling-stage to lowstand shoreface sandstones several tens of km further seaward (SE). These sandstones grade laterally seaward into heterolithic or bioturbated facies, deposited seaward of the lowstand shoreface. The northern margin of the embayment appears to have been sand-starved and accumulated thin muddy, non-bioturbated successions suggestive of lakes, bays and shallow-water deltas (facies G, H).
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 24. Generic summary of lateral facies relationships around the Doe Creek depocentre, with facies A through H indicated beside each log. Sections in Flatbed Creek in the far west show that 1–3 m thick shoreface/delta-front sandstones can pass laterally into nested gutter casts in 1–2 km
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Generalized paleogeographic reconstruction of the Doe Creek unit. The approximate position of the deformation front at present, and in the Cenomanian, is indicated (based on McMechan and Thompson, 1993). The presence of shoreline facies both in the NE along the Peace River from Highland Park to Erin Lodge, and in the west on Flatbed Creek indicate a broad embayment opening to the SE. The distribution of sandstone suggests the presence of rivers on the NW and SW margins of the embayment which fed deltas that prograded at highstand and falling stage to form extensive, sharp-based shoreface sandbodies. At lowstand, deltaic shorelines advanced close to the mouth of the embayment forming elongate to lobate, commonly sharp-based sandstones. The muddy floor of the embayment was subaerially exposed at these times. This reconstruction shows the lowstand sandstone in allomember 4; allomembers 3 to 8 each have discrete, basinally-isolated lowstand sandstones which tend to occupy mutually-evasive positions. The NE margin of the embayment is inferred to have had very low relief and the shoreline was mud-dominated, with only minor very fine sandstone. In the south, in the Grande Cache area, dark laminated mudstone accumulated tens of kilometres from shore.
Published: 01 June 2006
Highland Park to Erin Lodge, and in the west on Flatbed Creek indicate a broad embayment opening to the SE. The distribution of sandstone suggests the presence of rivers on the NW and SW margins of the embayment which fed deltas that prograded at highstand and falling stage to form extensive, sharp-based
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Facies D. Stratified sandstone. A. Overview of allomembers 1 and 1A in Flatbed Creek site 1. Marine deposits of allomember 1 are divided by a cryptic, rooted rubbly muddy paleosol. The location of images B to F are indicated by inset boxes. B. Thalassinoides network on the basal surface of the shoreface sandstone (seen in a fallen block, scale divided in cm.). C. Sharp basal contact of shoreface sandstone (facies D) showing isolated gutter cast in underlying mudstone (facies A). D. Well-sorted, trough cross-stratified and planar-laminated, fine-grained sandstone. Trace fossils include Ophiomorpha and Diplocraterion. E. Marine mudstone (facies A) in upper part of allomember 1A, grading up into rubbly pedogenic mudstone with large roots and capped by coal. F. Flooding surface at the base of allomember 2, overlain by thoroughly bioturbated, siderite-cemented muddy sandstone (facies C) containing logs of wood with Teredolites (inset).
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 12. Facies D. Stratified sandstone. A. Overview of allomembers 1 and 1A in Flatbed Creek site 1. Marine deposits of allomember 1 are divided by a cryptic, rooted rubbly muddy paleosol. The location of images B to F are indicated by inset boxes. B. Thalassinoides network on the basal
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Correlation of the principal sections of Doe Creek allomembers 1 to 6 exposed along Flatbed Creek, located a few kilometres south of the Tumbler Ridge town site (see inset map for location of the sections). The succession is gently folded such that the distinctive oyster biostrome above the X flooding surface (see Plint, 2019 for details), is exposed in three locations, and sections 1 and 2 are affected by a minor low-angle thrust (which has been restored in the drafted sections). The Doe Creek unit is dominated by upward-shoaling successions, bounded by flooding surfaces. In some allomembers (e.g. 2A, 4), offshore mudstone (facies A) is capped by sharp-based HCS/SCS shoreface sandstone (facies D), the top of which is marked by roots and dinosaur tracks (McCrea, 2003). In marked contrast, some allomembers (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 5) show an upward gradation from offshore marine/brackish-water mudstone (facies A) into a rooted muddy paleosol, either directly, or via a 1–2 m thick transition zone containing thin rippled sandstone beds and large gutter casts (facies 2). Note that metre-scale shoreface sandstones (facies D) can grade laterally into mudstone with rippled and HCS sandstones with gutter casts (facies B) over a distance of only 1–2 km (e.g. allomember 1, lower part of allomember 2A).
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 6. Correlation of the principal sections of Doe Creek allomembers 1 to 6 exposed along Flatbed Creek, located a few kilometres south of the Tumbler Ridge town site (see inset map for location of the sections). The succession is gently folded such that the distinctive oyster biostrome above
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Mainly strike-oriented outcrop and core cross-section linking an offshore section at Nini Hill to basin-margin sections in Dickebusch Creek and Flatbed Creek (eight outcrop sections synthesized into two summary logs), then traced offshore via cores in the central part of the depocentre, to marginal marine deposits exposed on the Peace River in the NE. Cores are projected onto a common line of section, as indicated by the blue lines on inset location map. Allomembers not sampled in core are represented by broken lines that simulate the resistivity log response. Allomember 4 contains a major, sharp-based shoreface sandstone body. Inset photograph shows an overview of the section at Pratts Landing 1, with the K1 unconformity and overlying ooidal ironstone indicated. Inset diagram shows the interpreted correlation of the succession measured at Murray River/Nini Hill to well logs in d-37-L 93-P-7, where regionally-mappable Kaskapau allomembers were identified by Varban and Plint (2005), Kreitner and Plint (2006) and Plint (2019). Note that the correlation to the Nini Hill section has been revised from that shown in Varban and Plint (2005) as a result of new fossil identifications made by Dr. I. Walaszczyk (pers. comm. 2016).
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 4. Mainly strike-oriented outcrop and core cross-section linking an offshore section at Nini Hill to basin-margin sections in Dickebusch Creek and Flatbed Creek (eight outcrop sections synthesized into two summary logs), then traced offshore via cores in the central part of the depocentre
Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2019
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (2019) 67 (2): 71–116.
...Figure 9. Heterolithic facies B. A. Flatbed Creek, allomember 2A (site 7) showing cm-scale interstratified very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone with BI 0–1, sharply overlain by HCS sandstone of facies D. B. Heterolithic succession below shoreface sandstone. Heterolithic facies is incised...
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First thumbnail for: High-frequency sequences, paleogeography, and syn-...
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Facies C, Bioturbated sandstone and mudstone. A. Dense network of Thalassinoides and ?Planolites on top surface of intensely bioturbated muddy sandstone package; Flatbed Creek site 2, allomember 5. B. Bioturbated muddy sandstone (BI 4–5) with remnants of original stratification. Trace fossils are dominated by Planolites and Teichichnus; 7-30-71-12W6M, 1242.3 m. C. Bioturbated muddy sandstone (BI 6) with no preserved stratification; traces seem to be dominated by Asterosoma, Planolites and Teichichnus. 8-33-74-9W6M, 737 m. Facies in images B and C are equivalent to facies 8 of Wallace-Dudley and Leckie (1995). D. Intensely bioturbated sandy mudstone (BI 6) dominated by Planolites, with Asterosoma, and Diplocraterion; 8-11-75-12W6M, 779.5 m. Facies is equivalent to facies 7 of Wallace-Dudley and Leckie (1995). Collectively, bioturbated facies C contains Asterosoma, Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Diplocraterion, Helminthopsis, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Rhizocorallium, Rosselia, Skolithos, Teichichnus, Schaub-cylindrichnus, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos, although not all these forms are visible in any one example of the facies.
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 11. Facies C, Bioturbated sandstone and mudstone. A. Dense network of Thalassinoides and ?Planolites on top surface of intensely bioturbated muddy sandstone package; Flatbed Creek site 2, allomember 5. B. Bioturbated muddy sandstone (BI 4–5) with remnants of original stratification. Trace
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 August 2007
Geology (2007) 35 (8): 735–738.
...Figure 3. Cross section oriented SW-NE, transverse to axis of the basin (Fig. 2) . Combined unconformity and/or flooding surfaces bounding sequences 1–6 in Flatbed Creek are correlated (on the basis of hundreds of well logs; details in Kreitner and Plint, 2006 ) to outcrop on distal side...
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First thumbnail for: Extensive thin sequences spanning Cretaceous fored...
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Third thumbnail for: Extensive thin sequences spanning Cretaceous fored...