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![2010 Ferndale, 2021 Petrolia earthquake, and 2022 Ferndale earthquake observations compared with GMM predictions against rupture distance for two spectral periods. The GMM predictions are for a uniform site condition (VS30=600m/s) with no basin term.]()
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![Earthquakes and recordings from the independent data set: (a) independent data relative to Ferndale 2010 and (b) independent data in magnitude–distance space.]()
![Comparison of measured and predicted 5% damped spectral accelerations at Eureka under the shaking of Ferndale Earthquake (09 January 2010) at different depths.]()
![Map view of our study region, 2022 Mw 6.4 Ferndale earthquake sequence, and recent Mw 4–5 events in the southern Cascadia subduction zone. (a) Tectonic background and the interseismic megathrust locking model of southern Cascadia. The megathrust interseismic coupling model shown as slip‐deficit rate (mm/yr) is from Materna et al. (2023). High slip‐deficit rate means the megathrust is highly locked. Two arrows denote the directions of relative plate motions of the Gorda and Pacific plates with respect to the North American plate, which are about 33 and 50 mm per year, respectively (DeMets et al., 2010). The gray lines represent the depth contours of the Gorda plate interface at 10, 20, and 30 km depth estimated by McCrory et al. (2012). The black sawtooth line denotes the deformation front of Cascadia. The white rectangle outlines our study region where the Gorda, Pacific, and North American plates are interacting. (b) Relocations of the Ferndale earthquake sequence and recent Mw 4–5 events. The red star, Ferndale mainshock; colored circles and rectangles, Mw 4–5 events; black dots, M ≤ 4 Ferndale aftershocks; white triangles, seismic stations used for relocations; yellow and orange stars, a doublet of Mw 5.97 and 6.11 earthquakes occurring in 2021 December 20; and gray dots, background seismicity from the tomography study of Guo et al. (2021). The Mw 4–5 events include the four largest Ferndale aftershocks (events 1–4) and another four that occurred in recent years (events 5–8). These are the events used for our source parameter analysis. Their event IDs specified in Tables 1 and 2 and their stress‐drop estimates from Bayesian inversion (Table 2) are listed in parentheses in the legend panel. Focal mechanisms of the mainshock and Mw 4–5 events from NCEDC (2014) are shown. The gray lines represent the depth contours of the Gorda plate interface at 10, 15, 20, and 25 km depth estimated by McCrory et al. (2012). The black sawtooth line, the deformation front of the Gorda plate; and MFZ, Mendocino fault zone; SAF, San Andreas fault. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![Comparison of green symbols (simulated) and red symbols (recorded); (a) horizontal peak ground acceleration and (b) horizontal peak ground velocity from the 2010 M 6.5 Ferndale earthquake, with predictions using ground‐motion prediction equations (solid lines).]()
![Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and predicted shear stress time histories at a depth of 9.5 m for the Eureka site during the 2010 Ferndale Area earthquake: (a) Shear stress, (b) Cross-correlation between calculated and predicted time series.]()
![Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and predicted shear strain time histories at a depth of 9.5 m for the Eureka site during the 2010 Ferndale Area earthquake: (a) Shear strain, (b) cross-correlation between calculated and predicted time series.]()
![Example of summary alert maps for four earthquakes: (a) M 4.8 2013 Offshore Isla Vista, (b) 2008 M 5.4 Chino Hills, (c) 2010 M 6.5 Offshore Ferndale, and (d) 2014 M 6.0 South Napa. A prediction distance of 60 km, and alert and target MMI of 4.5 are used. Symbols and colors are as described in Figure 3.]()
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1-20 OF 50 RESULTS FOR
Ferndale earthquake 2010
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1
Journal Article
Broadband Ground‐Motion Simulation of an Intraslab Earthquake and Nonlinear Site Response: 2010 Ferndale, California, Earthquake Case Study
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 September 2013
Seismological Research Letters (2013) 84 (5): 785–795.
...‐motion simulation technique of Graves and Pitarka (2010) in modeling ground motion recorded from the M 6.5 2010 Ferndale, California, intraslab earthquake. The Graves and Pitarka (2010) method was originally developed for simulating crustal earthquakes. To our knowledge this is the first attempt...
FIGURES
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Image
2010 Ferndale, 2021 Petrolia earthquake, and 2022 Ferndale earthquake obser...
Published: 01 August 2024
Figure 16. 2010 Ferndale, 2021 Petrolia earthquake, and 2022 Ferndale earthquake observations compared with GMM predictions against rupture distance for two spectral periods. The GMM predictions are for a uniform site condition ( V S 30 = 600 m / s ) with no basin term.
Journal Article
Comparing subduction ground-motion models to observations for Cascadia
Journal: Earthquake Spectra
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Published: 01 August 2024
Earthquake Spectra (2024) 40 (3): 1787–1817.
...Figure 16. 2010 Ferndale, 2021 Petrolia earthquake, and 2022 Ferndale earthquake observations compared with GMM predictions against rupture distance for two spectral periods. The GMM predictions are for a uniform site condition ( V S 30 = 600 m / s ) with no basin term. ...
FIGURES
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Image
Earthquakes and recordings from the independent data set : (a) independent...
Published: 01 August 2024
Figure 4. Earthquakes and recordings from the independent data set : (a) independent data relative to Ferndale 2010 and (b) independent data in magnitude–distance space.
Image
Comparison of measured and predicted 5% damped spectral accelerations at Eu...
in Evaluation of One-Dimensional Multi-Directional Site Response Analyses Using Geotechnical Downhole Array Data in California and Japan
> Earthquake Spectra
Published: 01 February 2018
Figure 7. Comparison of measured and predicted 5% damped spectral accelerations at Eureka under the shaking of Ferndale Earthquake (09 January 2010) at different depths.
Image
Map view of our study region, 2022 M w 6.4 Ferndale earthquake seq...
in Evidence for Low Effective Stress Within the Crust of the Subducted Gorda Plate from the 2022 December M w 6.4 Ferndale Earthquake Sequence
> Seismological Research Letters
Published: 12 November 2024
Figure 1. Map view of our study region, 2022 M w 6.4 Ferndale earthquake sequence, and recent M w 4–5 events in the southern Cascadia subduction zone. (a) Tectonic background and the interseismic megathrust locking model of southern Cascadia. The megathrust interseismic coupling
Image
Comparison of green symbols (simulated) and red symbols (recorded); (a) hor...
in Broadband Ground‐Motion Simulation of an Intraslab Earthquake and Nonlinear Site Response: 2010 Ferndale, California, Earthquake Case Study
> Seismological Research Letters
Published: 01 September 2013
Figure 6. Comparison of green symbols (simulated) and red symbols (recorded); (a) horizontal peak ground acceleration and (b) horizontal peak ground velocity from the 2010 M 6.5 Ferndale earthquake, with predictions using ground‐motion prediction equations (solid lines).
Image
Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and p...
in Earthquake Demand Energy Attenuation Model for Liquefaction Potential Assessment
> Earthquake Spectra
Published: 01 May 2017
Figure 4. Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and predicted shear stress time histories at a depth of 9.5 m for the Eureka site during the 2010 Ferndale Area earthquake: (a) Shear stress, (b) Cross-correlation between calculated and predicted time series.
Image
Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and p...
in Earthquake Demand Energy Attenuation Model for Liquefaction Potential Assessment
> Earthquake Spectra
Published: 01 May 2017
Figure 6. Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and predicted shear strain time histories at a depth of 9.5 m for the Eureka site during the 2010 Ferndale Area earthquake: (a) Shear strain, (b) cross-correlation between calculated and predicted time series.
Image
Example of summary alert maps for four earthquakes: (a) M 4.8 2013 Offsho...
in Alert Optimization of the PLUM Earthquake Early Warning Algorithm for the Western United States
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 11 January 2022
Figure 7. Example of summary alert maps for four earthquakes: (a) M 4.8 2013 Offshore Isla Vista, (b) 2008 M 5.4 Chino Hills, (c) 2010 M 6.5 Offshore Ferndale, and (d) 2014 M 6.0 South Napa. A prediction distance of 60 km, and alert and target MMI of 4.5 are used. Symbols and colors
Journal Article
Seismic Intensities, Ground Motions, and Basin Amplification from the 2022 M w 6.4 Ferndale, California, Intraslab Earthquake
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 03 April 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
... data from the Ferndale 2010 and Ferndale 2022 earthquakes were sourced from Alund and Mayorquin (2022) , The Humboldt County: Center for Economic Development (2018) , Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (2022) , Gorman (2022) , U.S. Geological Survey (2010 , 2022 , 2023) , and Valencia...
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Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Image
DYFI response in significant (magnitude ≥5.5) US Earthquakes 2010 to presen...
in Development of a companion questionnaire for “Did You Feel It?”: Assessing response in earthquakes where an earthquake early warning may have been received
> Earthquake Spectra
Published: 01 February 2023
Table 1. DYFI response in significant (magnitude ≥5.5) US Earthquakes 2010 to present. Event Date of occurrence Magnitude Max MMI No. of DYFI responses Ferndale, CA 10 January 2010 6.5 VII 9027 Mineral, VA 23 August 2011 5.8 VIII 149,619 So. Napa, CA 24
Journal Article
Evidence for Low Effective Stress Within the Crust of the Subducted Gorda Plate from the 2022 December M w 6.4 Ferndale Earthquake Sequence
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 12 November 2024
Seismological Research Letters (2024)
...Figure 1. Map view of our study region, 2022 M w 6.4 Ferndale earthquake sequence, and recent M w 4–5 events in the southern Cascadia subduction zone. (a) Tectonic background and the interseismic megathrust locking model of southern Cascadia. The megathrust interseismic coupling...
FIGURES
| View All (9)
Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
The Predictive Relationship between Earthquake Intensity and Tweets Rate for Real‐Time Ground‐Motion Estimation
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 12 April 2017
Seismological Research Letters (2017) 88 (3): 840–850.
.... Residuals versus (a, c, e) epicentral distance and (b, d, f) time for the (a, b) exponential, (c, d) linear, (e, f) two‐segment models (gray squares, La Habra earthquake; black circles, Ferndale earthquake). Intensity attenuates with distance from the epicenter of an earthquake, and intensity...
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Journal Article
The GorDAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing Experiment Above the Cascadia Locked Zone and Subducted Gorda Slab
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 31 March 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
... on buried telecom fiber in Arcata, California, to increase the available recordings of moderate‐to‐large earthquakes as well as image seismogenic structures. We have recorded over a year’s worth of data, including most aftershocks of the 2022 M w 6.4 Ferndale earthquake, though not the mainshock itself...
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Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
The 2021 and 2022 North Coast California Earthquake Sequences and Fault Complexity in the Vicinity of the Mendocino Triple Junction
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 22 October 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025) 115 (1): 140–162.
... plate has extruded past the corner of the PP (Fig. 1 ), the stress regime exhibits down‐slab “tension” and north–south‐oriented normal faulting with smaller magnitude earthquakes ( Cockerham et al. , 1989 ; Smith et al. , 1993 ; Wada et al. , 2010 ). This change in focal mechanisms suggests...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Evaluation of directionality in physics-based ground motion simulations of strike-slip earthquakes
Journal: Earthquake Spectra
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Published: 01 February 2025
Earthquake Spectra (2025) 41 (1): 436–456.
... earthquakes. CyberShake is a physics-based computational study developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) to calculate the seismic hazard for sites in California ( Graves et al., 2011 ; Graves and Pitarka, 2010 ). This study investigates whether the physics-based simulations sufficiently...
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Journal Article
ShakeAlert ® Version 3: Expected Performance in Large Earthquakes
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 06 February 2025
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025) 115 (2): 533–561.
... are in potential danger, meaning MMI 6 or stronger shaking. For instance, in the 2022 M 6.4 Ferndale earthquake, the ShakeAlert system provided between 0 and 12 s of warning at locations that experienced MMI 8 shaking, 0–17 s at MMI 7 locations, and 0–23 s of warning at MMI 6 locations ( Lux et al. , 2024...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Earthquake Demand Energy Attenuation Model for Liquefaction Potential Assessment
Journal: Earthquake Spectra
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Published: 01 May 2017
Earthquake Spectra (2017) 33 (2): 757–780.
...Figure 4. Comparison between calculated, using measured vertical array records, and predicted shear stress time histories at a depth of 9.5 m for the Eureka site during the 2010 Ferndale Area earthquake: (a) Shear stress, (b) Cross-correlation between calculated and predicted time series. ...
FIGURES
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Journal Article
SSA 2010 Abstracts for Special Session
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 May 2010
Seismological Research Letters (2010) 81 (3): 538–546.
..., CA USA, [email protected] ; LONG, K., California Emergency Management Agency, Pasadena, CA USA, [email protected] ; MILLER, K.M., California Emergency Management Agency, Oakland, CA USA, [email protected] The 2010 M 6.5 and M 5.9 Offshore Ferndale Earthquakes: Seismicity...
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