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-
-
-
-
-
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Cloudina (6)
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coprolites (1)
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cyanobacteria (5)
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eukaryotes (20)
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fungi (2)
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Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea (2)
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ichnofossils
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Thalassinoides (2)
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (7)
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata
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Arachnida (2)
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Merostomata
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Xiphosura (3)
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Paleocopida (1)
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Podocopida
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Cypridocopina
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Darwinula (1)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Coleoptera (1)
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Lepidoptera (2)
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Exopterygota
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Blattaria (1)
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-
-
-
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Agnostida (2)
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Corynexochida (1)
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Phacopida (1)
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Ptychopariida
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Cryptolithus (1)
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Redlichiida (3)
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Productida (4)
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Spiriferida
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Spiriferidina
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Spiriferidae (1)
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Strophomenida
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Sowerbyella (2)
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Strophomena (1)
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Terebratulida (3)
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Inarticulata
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Lingula (5)
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Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata (1)
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Trepostomata (3)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Actiniaria (1)
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Rugosa (1)
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Scleractinia
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Montastrea
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Montastrea annularis (1)
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Porites (2)
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Tabulata (2)
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Scyphozoa
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Conulariida (1)
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Echinodermata
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Asterozoa
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Stelleroidea
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Asteroidea (2)
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Crinozoa
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (11)
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Homalozoa
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Stylophora (1)
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-
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Arcidae (1)
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Heterodonta
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Veneroida
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Veneridae (2)
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-
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Ostreoidea
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Ostreidae (2)
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Palaeoheterodonta
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Trigoniidae (1)
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
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Pectinacea
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Halobia (1)
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Monotis (1)
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Pectinidae (3)
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-
-
-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (3)
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Goniatitida (1)
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Coleoidea (1)
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Nautiloidea (2)
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Gastropoda
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Archaeogastropoda
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Bellerophontina (1)
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Naticidae (4)
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Neogastropoda
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Muricidae (1)
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Turritellidae
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Turritella (1)
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Hyolithes (5)
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Polyplacophora (2)
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Rostroconchia (1)
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Tentaculitida (1)
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Porifera
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Calcarea (1)
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Demospongea (6)
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Hexactinellida (3)
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Stromatoporoidea (3)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae
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Triticites (1)
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-
-
Miliolina
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Miliolacea
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Alveolinellidae
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Alveolina (1)
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Miliolidae (1)
-
-
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Rotaliina
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Lagenidae (4)
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Nodosariacea
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Nodosariidae
-
Nodosaria (2)
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-
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Orbitoidacea
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
-
-
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Radiolaria (16)
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Thecamoeba (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida (6)
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Chaetognatha (2)
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Nematoida (1)
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Nematomorpha (1)
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Polychaeta (1)
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Priapulida (6)
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scolecodonts (1)
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-
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lichens (1)
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Metazoa (34)
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microfossils
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Conodonta
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Hindeodus (4)
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Icriodus (1)
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Polygnathus (1)
-
-
Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae
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Triticites (1)
-
-
-
problematic microfossils
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Tubiphytes (1)
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scolecodonts (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (14)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Dinoflagellata (5)
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megaspores (1)
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miospores
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pollen (20)
-
-
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (3)
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Dasycladaceae (2)
-
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae
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Coccolithus (1)
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diatoms (6)
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nannofossils (1)
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Rhodophyta (4)
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
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Lycopsida
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Stigmaria (1)
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Pteridophyllen (1)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales (1)
-
-
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Alnus (3)
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Betula (2)
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Fagus (1)
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Quercus (2)
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Monocotyledoneae
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Palmae (1)
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-
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Abies (2)
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Pinus (1)
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Cordaitales
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Cordaites (1)
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Cycadales (1)
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Ginkgoales (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Gangamopteris (1)
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Glossopteris
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Glossopteris flora (2)
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-
-
Pteridospermae
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Neuropteris (1)
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-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils
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Tubiphytes (1)
-
-
-
prokaryotes (3)
-
Pterobranchia (4)
-
tracks (6)
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trails (6)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (2)
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Ar/Ar (12)
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exposure age (1)
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fission-track dating (1)
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Lu/Hf (2)
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Nd/Nd (1)
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paleomagnetism (24)
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Pb/Pb (2)
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racemization (1)
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Re/Os (3)
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Sr/Sr (3)
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tephrochronology (4)
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Th/U (1)
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thermochronology (2)
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U/Pb (76)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
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lower Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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middle Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian
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upper Devensian (1)
-
-
Rancholabrean (1)
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Sangamonian (2)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Florissant Lake Beds (4)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Etchegoin Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Astoria Formation (1)
-
Barstow Formation (2)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Badenian (1)
-
-
Pebas Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
Pannonian (1)
-
Puente Formation (1)
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-
-
Pliocene
-
Citronelle Formation (1)
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lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
upper Neogene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Green River Formation (5)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wasatchian (1)
-
Willwood Formation (3)
-
Wind River Formation (2)
-
Ypresian (3)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Aycross Formation (1)
-
-
Parachute Creek Member (1)
-
upper Eocene (5)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Brule Formation (1)
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
middle Oligocene
-
Byram Formation (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (3)
-
K-T boundary (11)
-
Puercan (2)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (1)
-
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Clarkforkian (1)
-
Thanetian (1)
-
Tiffanian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (3)
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (4)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Comanchean
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Glen Rose Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Cloverly Formation (1)
-
Gault Clay (1)
-
Glen Rose Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Natih Formation (2)
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Potomac Group (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
lower Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Hell Creek Formation (3)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (11)
-
Ladd Formation (1)
-
Lance Formation (2)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (2)
-
-
Navesink Formation (1)
-
Ripley Formation (1)
-
Santonian (1)
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Senonian (2)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Kirkpatrick Basalt (1)
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Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (5)
-
lower Liassic (5)
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Pliensbachian (5)
-
Sinemurian (2)
-
Sunrise Formation (1)
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Toarcian
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lower Toarcian (2)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (4)
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upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
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Callovian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (3)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Smackover Formation (3)
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Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Moenave Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Liard Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
Dinwoody Formation (3)
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Griesbachian (8)
-
Induan (8)
-
Olenekian (7)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (143)
-
Smithian (9)
-
Spathian (13)
-
Thaynes Formation (3)
-
Werfenian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (5)
-
Doig Formation (2)
-
Ladinian (4)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (11)
-
Montney Formation (5)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (2)
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
Luning Formation (1)
-
Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
Norian (5)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (1)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (4)
-
Yanchang Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (1)
-
Conasauga Group (3)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Antietam Formation (1)
-
Chilhowee Group (5)
-
Poleta Formation (2)
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
Shady Dolomite (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (5)
-
-
Tommotian (3)
-
Yudoma Series (1)
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (28)
-
Marjum Formation (1)
-
Wheeler Formation (4)
-
-
Pioche Shale (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Dresbachian (1)
-
Furongian
-
Jiangshanian (1)
-
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Steptoean (3)
-
Wilberns Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (2)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
Osagian (1)
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
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upper Visean (2)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (3)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (1)
-
Pennington Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (2)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Desmoinesian (3)
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (2)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian (1)
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (3)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Devonian
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Guilmette Formation (3)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Cedar Valley Formation (1)
-
Columbus Limestone (1)
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Givetian (3)
-
Hamilton Group (8)
-
Jeffersonville Limestone (1)
-
Ludlowville Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (3)
-
Moscow Formation (2)
-
Tully Limestone (2)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Brallier Shale (2)
-
Cleveland Member (1)
-
Famennian (6)
-
Frasnian (7)
-
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Knox Group (3)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Clays Ferry Formation (1)
-
Lexington Limestone (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
El Paso Group (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
Saint George Group (2)
-
Tremadocian (4)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Blackriverian (1)
-
Chazy Group (2)
-
Chazyan (1)
-
Cloridorme Formation (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Montoya Group (1)
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (3)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (2)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (1)
-
Richmondian (2)
-
-
Fairview Formation (2)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (6)
-
Kope Formation (4)
-
Mohawkian (3)
-
Reedsville Formation (2)
-
Whitewater Formation (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (2)
-
-
Permian
-
Chase Group (1)
-
Council Grove Group (1)
-
Ecca Group (12)
-
Gharif Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (2)
-
Capitanian (13)
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
-
Queen Formation (1)
-
Roadian (3)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Wordian (2)
-
-
Illawarra Coal Measures (1)
-
Khuff Formation (7)
-
Longtan Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (3)
-
Asselian (4)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Clear Fork Group (2)
-
-
Qixia Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Maokou Formation (3)
-
Middle Permian (18)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Passa Dois Group (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Shihezi Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (6)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (11)
-
Wuchiapingian (6)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (143)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (1)
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (4)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Keefer Sandstone (1)
-
McKenzie Formation (1)
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
Williamsport Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (1)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (2)
-
Kiaman Superchron (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (48)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (2)
-
-
Chuar Group (2)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Keweenawan
-
Copper Harbor Conglomerate (1)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic (8)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (1)
-
Cryogenian (14)
-
Dengying Formation (12)
-
Doushantuo Formation (9)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Marinoan (4)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (6)
-
Tonian (3)
-
Vendian (22)
-
Wilpena Group (1)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic (4)
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (12)
-
Doushantuo Formation (9)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (2)
-
-
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
Vindhyan (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros (2)
-
granites
-
biotite granite (1)
-
leucogranite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (17)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
trap rocks (4)
-
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
latite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (10)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (6)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 111
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Leg 113
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Leg 119
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Leg 120
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Leg 171B
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Leg 188
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ODP Site 1166 (2)
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ocean floors (7)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (1)
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Polynesia
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French Polynesia
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Society Islands (1)
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Hawaii (1)
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oil and gas fields (16)
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orogeny (15)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (3)
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O-17/O-16 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (40)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (1)
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San Diego Trough (1)
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Equatorial Pacific (3)
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North Pacific
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Mid-Pacific Mountains (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (1)
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San Diego Trough (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Emperor Seamounts (1)
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South China Sea (3)
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Emperor Seamounts (1)
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South China Sea (3)
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Southwest Pacific (1)
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Sunda Shelf (1)
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paleobotany (5)
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paleoclimatology (105)
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paleoecology (422)
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paleogeography (116)
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paleomagnetism (24)
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paleontology (16)
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Paleozoic
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Bird Spring Formation (1)
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Cambrian
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Brigham Group (1)
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Conasauga Group (3)
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Lower Cambrian
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Antietam Formation (1)
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Chilhowee Group (5)
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Poleta Formation (2)
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Rome Formation (1)
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Shady Dolomite (1)
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Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (5)
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Tommotian (3)
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Yudoma Series (1)
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Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
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Middle Cambrian
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Burgess Shale (28)
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Marjum Formation (1)
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Wheeler Formation (4)
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Pioche Shale (2)
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Upper Cambrian
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Dresbachian (1)
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Furongian
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Jiangshanian (1)
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Orr Formation (1)
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Steptoean (3)
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Wilberns Formation (1)
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Carboniferous
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Albert Formation (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (2)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Fort Payne Formation (1)
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Lodgepole Formation (1)
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Osagian (1)
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Tournaisian (1)
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Madison Group (1)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean
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upper Visean (2)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian (3)
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Hartselle Sandstone (1)
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Pennington Formation (1)
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Serpukhovian (2)
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Herrin Coal Member (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Desmoinesian (3)
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Moscovian (1)
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Morrow Formation (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Gzhelian (2)
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Kasimovian (1)
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Missourian (1)
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Virgilian
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Shawnee Group (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Westphalian (3)
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Catskill Formation (1)
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Devonian
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Genesee Group (1)
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Guilmette Formation (3)
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Oriskany Sandstone (2)
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Middle Devonian
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Cedar Valley Formation (1)
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Columbus Limestone (1)
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Eifelian (2)
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Givetian (3)
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Hamilton Group (8)
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Jeffersonville Limestone (1)
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Ludlowville Formation (1)
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Marcellus Shale (3)
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Moscow Formation (2)
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Tully Limestone (2)
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Upper Devonian
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Brallier Shale (2)
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Cleveland Member (1)
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Famennian (6)
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Frasnian (7)
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Exshaw Formation (1)
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Knox Group (3)
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lower Paleozoic
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Ashe Formation (1)
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Cape Phillips Formation (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Clays Ferry Formation (1)
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Lexington Limestone (2)
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Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (1)
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El Paso Group (1)
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Floian (1)
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Manitou Formation (1)
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Saint George Group (2)
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Tremadocian (4)
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Blackriverian (1)
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Chazy Group (2)
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Chazyan (1)
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Cloridorme Formation (1)
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Darriwilian (1)
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Platteville Formation (1)
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Whiterockian (1)
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Montoya Group (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (3)
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Bighorn Dolomite (2)
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Caradocian (1)
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Cincinnatian
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Maysvillian (1)
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Richmondian (2)
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Fairview Formation (2)
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Hirnantian (1)
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Katian (6)
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Kope Formation (4)
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Mohawkian (3)
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Reedsville Formation (2)
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Whitewater Formation (1)
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Wufeng Formation (1)
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Utica Shale (2)
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Permian
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Chase Group (1)
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Council Grove Group (1)
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Ecca Group (12)
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Gharif Formation (1)
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Guadalupian
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Bell Canyon Formation (2)
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Capitanian (13)
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Grayburg Formation (1)
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Queen Formation (1)
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Roadian (3)
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Tansill Formation (1)
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Wordian (2)
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Illawarra Coal Measures (1)
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Khuff Formation (7)
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Longtan Formation (1)
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Lower Permian
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Al Khlata Formation (1)
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Cisuralian
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Artinskian (3)
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Asselian (4)
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Kungurian (3)
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Sakmarian (1)
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Leonardian
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Clear Fork Group (2)
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Qixia Formation (1)
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Wolfcampian (1)
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Maokou Formation (3)
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Middle Permian (18)
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Park City Formation (1)
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Passa Dois Group (1)
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Phosphoria Formation (1)
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Rio Bonito Formation (1)
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Shihezi Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Changxing Formation (6)
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (11)
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Wuchiapingian (6)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (143)
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Zechstein (1)
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Vryheid Formation (1)
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Whitehill Formation (1)
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Yates Formation (1)
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Sauk Sequence (2)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Rhuddanian (1)
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Tuscarora Formation (4)
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Wenlock
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Homerian (1)
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Middle Silurian
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Keefer Sandstone (1)
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McKenzie Formation (1)
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Rose Hill Formation (1)
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Upper Silurian
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Cayugan
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Tonoloway Limestone (1)
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Williamsport Sandstone (1)
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Ludlow (1)
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Salina Group (1)
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Talladega Group (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Dwyka Formation (2)
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Kiaman Superchron (1)
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (14)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Dinoflagellata (5)
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megaspores (1)
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miospores
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pollen (20)
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paragenesis (2)
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permafrost (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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coalbed methane (1)
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shale gas (5)
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shale oil (1)
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petrology (7)
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Phanerozoic (48)
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phase equilibria (3)
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phosphorus (5)
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planetology (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (3)
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Dasycladaceae (2)
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Coccolithus (1)
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diatoms (6)
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nannofossils (1)
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Rhodophyta (4)
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
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Lycopsida
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Stigmaria (1)
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Pteridophyllen (1)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Alnus (3)
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Betula (2)
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Fagus (1)
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Quercus (2)
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Monocotyledoneae
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Palmae (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Abies (2)
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Pinus (1)
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Cordaitales
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Cordaites (1)
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Cycadales (1)
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Ginkgoales (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Gangamopteris (1)
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Glossopteris
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Glossopteris flora (2)
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Pteridospermae
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Neuropteris (1)
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plate tectonics (47)
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pollution (5)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Neoarchean (2)
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Chuar Group (2)
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Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
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Pahrump Series (1)
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Sokoman Formation (1)
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Stirling Quartzite (1)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Great Oxidation Event (1)
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Keweenawan
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Copper Harbor Conglomerate (1)
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Mesoproterozoic (8)
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Neoproterozoic
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Blaini Formation (1)
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Cryogenian (14)
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Dengying Formation (12)
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Doushantuo Formation (9)
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Ediacaran
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Wonoka Formation (1)
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Marinoan (4)
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Nantuo Formation (2)
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Otavi Group (1)
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Riphean (1)
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Sturtian (6)
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Tonian (3)
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Vendian (22)
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Wilpena Group (1)
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Oronto Group (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (4)
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Pocatello Formation (1)
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Sinian
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Dengying Formation (12)
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Doushantuo Formation (9)
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Nantuo Formation (2)
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Umberatana Group (1)
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Windermere System (2)
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Waterberg System (1)
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problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils
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Tubiphytes (1)
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Pterobranchia (4)
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reefs (16)
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remote sensing (1)
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reservoirs (1)
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sea water (14)
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sea-floor spreading (2)
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sea-level changes (59)
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sedimentary petrology (9)
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sedimentary rocks
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bauxite (1)
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carbonate rocks
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boundstone
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bafflestone (1)
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dolostone (14)
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grainstone (10)
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limestone
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micrite (4)
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microbialite (13)
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microcrystalline limestone (1)
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oolitic limestone (1)
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packstone (7)
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rudstone (2)
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wackestone (5)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (16)
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evaporites (4)
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iron formations (2)
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phosphate rocks (2)
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siliceous sinter (2)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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quartz arenite (1)
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bentonite (4)
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black shale (16)
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claystone (4)
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conglomerate (4)
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diamictite (9)
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diatomite (1)
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marl (3)
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mudstone (24)
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red beds (3)
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sandstone (44)
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shale (31)
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siltstone (12)
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tillite (1)
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coal (11)
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gas shale (1)
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oil shale (3)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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flute casts (1)
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mudcracks (1)
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ripple marks (4)
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (4)
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algal mounds (2)
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bioherms (8)
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bioturbation (15)
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carbonate banks (2)
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lebensspuren (5)
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microbial mats
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cyanobacterial mats (1)
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oncolites (1)
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stromatactis (2)
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stromatolites (9)
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thrombolites (6)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (4)
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cross-bedding (3)
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cross-laminations (1)
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cross-stratification (3)
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cyclothems (1)
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flaser bedding (1)
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hummocky cross-stratification (3)
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laminations (6)
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ripple drift-cross laminations (1)
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sand bodies (1)
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varves (1)
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rhizoliths (1)
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secondary structures
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concretions (8)
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seismites (3)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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convoluted beds (1)
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turbidity current structures
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Bouma sequence (1)
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sedimentation (46)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (4)
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (1)
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clay (3)
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cobbles (1)
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dust (3)
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gravel (2)
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mud (2)
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quartz sand (1)
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sand (5)
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marine sediments (11)
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peat (4)
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shorelines (1)
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silicon (4)
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soil mechanics (1)
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soils
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Aridisols (1)
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South America
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Amazon Basin (1)
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Andes
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Eastern Cordillera (3)
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Northern Andes (1)
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Argentina
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Chubut Argentina (1)
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Brazil
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Chile (2)
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Colombia
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Ecuador (1)
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Paraguay (2)
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Patagonia (3)
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Peru (1)
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Precordillera (4)
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Venezuela (1)
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Southern Ocean
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Prydz Bay (1)
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Ross Sea (1)
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Weddell Sea
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Maud Rise (2)
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spectroscopy (7)
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springs (4)
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standard materials (1)
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stratigraphy (23)
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structural analysis (5)
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structural geology (13)
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sulfur
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organic sulfur (1)
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S-33/S-32 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (16)
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symposia (2)
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tectonics (66)
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thermal analysis (2)
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thermal waters (2)
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United States
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Alabama
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Jefferson County Alabama (1)
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Mobile County Alabama (1)
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Walker County Alabama (1)
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Alaska
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Arizona
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Petrified Forest National Park (3)
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California
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Central Basin Platform (1)
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Colorado
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Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (5)
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Delaware
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Eastern U.S.
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Florida
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Georgia
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Idaho
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Iowa
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Louisiana
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Michigan
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
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1-20 OF 1534 RESULTS FOR
Erwin Formation
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Journal Article
Early Cambrian progradational and transgressive sedimentation patterns in Virginia; an example of the early history of a passive margin Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of Sedimentary Research
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 01 January 1990
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1990) 60 (1): 84–100.
...Edward L. Simpson; Kenneth A. Eriksson Abstract Occurrence of both the Hampton and Erwin Formations within a number of thrust sheets provides an oblique cross section of the paleoslope permitting an across-strike reconstruction of the Early Cambrian passive margin. Five environmental settings...
Journal Article
Sedimentology of the Unicoi Formation in southern and central Virginia: Evidence for late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian rift-to-passive margin transition Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1989
GSA Bulletin (1989) 101 (1): 42–54.
...-flow deposits at the base of the Hampton Formation. Deepening may have been enhanced by continued movement along listric faults throughout the incipient phase of passive-margin development. Most of the Hampton Formation and the overlying Erwin Formation and Shady Dolomite record pro-gradation...
Journal Article
GEOLOGY OF THE BUFFALO MOUNTAIN-CHEROKEE MOUNTAIN AREA, NORTHEASTERN TENNESSEE Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 May 1959
GSA Bulletin (1959) 70 (5): 619–636.
... by the Buffalo Mountain thrust sheet, which has been separated by two minor thrust faults into three imbricate thrust blocks. Cambrian and Precambrian (?) rocks in the Buffalo Mountain thrust sheet consist of the Unicoi, Hampton, and Erwin formations (Chilhowee group) and the Shady dolomite. Younger, Cambrian...
Image
(A) In the Shady Dolomite in the Iron Mountain location of the Mountain Cit... Available to Purchase
in New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 11 May 2017
morphologies (sample JC-10). (C) In the Erwin Formation, Mn and Fe oxides are deposited along existing bedding planes in quartzite. (D) Mn oxides in the Erwin Formation are frequently deposited as dendrites up to 1 mm in diameter (sample SH-1).
Image
Backscattered scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs from brec... Available to Purchase
in New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 11 May 2017
Figure 7. Backscattered scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs from breccia fills and bedding planes of the Shouns Prospect and Erwin Formation showing (A) the surface of Erwin Formation sample SH-1 (hand sample shown in Fig. 5D ) with Mn oxide dendrites surrounded by a rind
Image
Backscattered scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of (A) romanèchite ... Available to Purchase
in New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 11 May 2017
) sheets; (C) breccia matrix of sample SH-2 from the Erwin Formation showing goethite-coated filaments and (D) microlayered romanèchite interbedded with goethite.
Image
Age range of principal latest Mesoproterozoic to earliest Palaeozoic metase... Available to Purchase
in Sedimentary basin and detrital zircon record along East Laurentia and Baltica during assembly and breakup of Rodinia
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 March 2007
; Cnt. H.lands, Central Highlands; CV, Catoctin Formation; DS, Dalradian Supergroup; EF, Erwin Formation; ES, Eleonore Bay Supergroup; FdL, Fleur de Lys Succession; GBS, Glen Banchor Succession; KG, Kong Oscar Fjord Group; KS, Krummedal succession; LbG, Lynchburg Group; LG, Labrador Group; MR, Mount
Journal Article
Volcanic rift margin model for the rift-to-drift setting of the late Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian eastern margin of Laurentia: Chilhowee Group of the Appalachian Blue Ridge Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 2014
GSA Bulletin (2014) 126 (1-2): 201–218.
... Formations), and 3) an upper sandstone and shale (Nebo Quartzite, Murray Shale, Hesse Quartzite, and Helenmode, Erwin, and Antietam Formations). Sedimentary analyses show that boundaries of the newly defined facies assemblages transect the named stratigraphic units. Assemblage A consists of fluvial...
Image
FIGURE 2 —Paleogeographic reconstruction of the continents during the Early... Available to Purchase
in Early Triassic Trace Fossils of the Western United States and their Implications for Prolonged Environmental Stress from the End-Permian Mass Extinction
> PALAIOS
Published: 01 December 2004
Formation, northwestern United States. (D) Montney Formation, British Columbia, Canada. (E) Toad Formation, southeastern Yukon Territory, Canada. (F) Werfen Formation, Dolomites, southern Italy. Modified from Pruss et al., 2004 ; after Erwin, 1993
Image
Figure 1. Late Permian–Early Triassic paleogeographic map (modified from E... Available to Purchase
in Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures: Implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction
> Geology
Published: 01 May 2004
Figure 1. Late Permian–Early Triassic paleogeographic map (modified from Erwin, 1993 ) showing global distribution of Early Triassic wrinkle-structure–bearing strata. Numbers indicate approximate locations where Early Triassic wrinkle structures were formed and preserved: (1) western United States
Image
Photographs of gall structures and gall scars from the middle Miocene of we... Available to Purchase
in Host fidelity over geologic time: restricted use of oaks by oak gallwasps
> Journal of Paleontology
Published: 24 April 2015
in Waggoner ( 1999 ); ( 3 ) Quercus pollardiana -type leaf from
the Trapper Creek Formation, Idaho (UCMP #8605); ( 4 ) Quercus
pollardiana -type leaf from the Fingerrock Formation, Nevada (UCMP #191949).
All scale bars=5 mm. Images courtesy of D. Erwin.
Image
Generalized distribution of chert from Late Archean time to present. Compil... Available to Purchase
in An iron shuttle for deepwater silica in Late Archean and early Paleoproterozoic iron formation
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 January 2009
Figure 1. Generalized distribution of chert from Late Archean time to present. Compiled from Maliva et al. (1989) , Siever (1991 , 1992) , Kidder and Erwin (2001) , Perry and Lefticariu (2003) , Kidder and Mumma (2003) , and Maliva et al. (2005) . The estimated frequency distribution
Image
Generalized model ( Hofmann et al., 2013 ) illustrating the role of habitat... Available to Purchase
in A New Paleoecological Look at the Dinwoody Formation (Lower Triassic, Western USA): Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Controls on Ecosystem Recovery After the End-Permian Mass Extinction
> Journal of Paleontology
Published: 01 September 2013
onward (recovery interval 2), species are increasingly restricted to particular niches because of competitive exclusion from neighbouring habitats. Recovery interval 2 ends when all curves level off. Logistic growth of alpha-diversity is adopted from Erwin (2001 ). The data from the Dinwoody Formation
Image
Cr Isotope data from shale and iron-rich chemical sediments through time. S... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 July 2016
Figure 3. Cr Isotope data from shale and iron-rich chemical sediments through time. Shown are Cr isotope data from shales (blue) of this study and Frei et al. (2011 , 2013 ), Gueguen et al. (2016) , and Wille et al., (2013) , and Cr isotope data from iron formations and ironstones (red
Image
Probability plots of latest Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic metasediment... Available to Purchase
in Sedimentary basin and detrital zircon record along East Laurentia and Baltica during assembly and breakup of Rodinia
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 01 March 2007
Fig. 8. Probability plots of latest Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic metasedimentary units from along the Appalachian–Caledonian orogen in East Laurentia. Sources of data: Central Appalachians (Unicoi, Erwin, Hardystron formations), Eriksson et al . (2004) ; Eastern Blue Ridge–Piedmont
Image
FIGURE 1 —Late Permian/Early Triassic paleogeographic map (modified from E... Available to Purchase
in The Non-Actualistic Early Triassic Gastropod Fauna:A Case Study of the Lower Triassic SinbadLimestone Member
> PALAIOS
Published: 01 June 2004
FIGURE 1 —Late Permian/Early Triassic paleogeographic map (modified from Erwin, 1993 ) showing the global distribution of Lower Triassic strata bearing abundant microgastropods. Data are from the literature. Numbers on the map indicate the approximate location where numerous microgastropod
Image
Archaeichnium haughtoni Glaessner, 1963 , Huns Member, Urusis Formation, ... Open Access
in Ediacaran paleobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi n. gen. n. sp.
> Journal of Paleontology
Published: 01 October 2024
Figure 21. Archaeichnium haughtoni Glaessner, 1963 , Huns Member, Urusis Formation, UCLA 7309, Arimas farm ( 1 ), UCLA 7325, Holoog River ( 2 ), and Neiderhagen Member, Nudaus Formation, Kyffhauser farm ( 3–6 ). ( 1 ) Four longitudinally striated individuals with pointed terminations (arrows
Journal Article
New insight into the origin of manganese oxide ore deposits in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of northeastern Tennessee and northern Virginia, USA Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 11 May 2017
GSA Bulletin (2017) 129 (9-10): 1158–1180.
... morphologies (sample JC-10). (C) In the Erwin Formation, Mn and Fe oxides are deposited along existing bedding planes in quartzite. (D) Mn oxides in the Erwin Formation are frequently deposited as dendrites up to 1 mm in diameter (sample SH-1). ...
Image
Coarsely and regularly annulated tubes, cf. Calyptrina striata Sokolov, ... Open Access
in Ediacaran paleobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi n. gen. n. sp.
> Journal of Paleontology
Published: 01 October 2024
Figure 22. Coarsely and regularly annulated tubes, cf. Calyptrina striata Sokolov, 1967 ( 2–6 ), smooth tubes ( 1, 7 ), and two important specimens of Archaeichnium haughtoni Glaessner, 1963 ( 8, 9 ) from the Neiderhagen Member, Nudaus Formation, UCLA 7320, Kyffhauser farm ( 1–4
Image
FIGURE 6 —Comparison of abundance of microgastropod species in Permian, Ear... Available to Purchase
in The Non-Actualistic Early Triassic Gastropod Fauna:A Case Study of the Lower Triassic SinbadLimestone Member
> PALAIOS
Published: 01 June 2004
) , Yochelson (1956) , Batten (1958) , Winters (1963) , Erwin (1988 a , b , c ), and Batten (1989) . This fauna includes fossils of Wolfcampian, Leonardian, and Guadalupian ages. Larger gastropod and microgastropod species from 18 superfamilies (Pleurotomariacea, Euomphalacea, Trochonematacea, Trochacea
1