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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namaqualand (1)
-
-
-
Apennine Front (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (2)
-
-
Arran (1)
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Lesser Sunda Islands
-
Timor (1)
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
East Anatolian Fault (1)
-
North Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Celtic Sea (2)
-
English Channel (1)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (4)
-
Flemish Cap (1)
-
Goban Spur (1)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
-
North Sea
-
East Shetland Basin (1)
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Iberian abyssal plain (1)
-
Porcupine Bank (2)
-
Porcupine Seabight (1)
-
-
Porcupine Basin (8)
-
Rockall Bank (2)
-
Rockall Trough (9)
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Faeroe Islands (2)
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Atlantic region (1)
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Australasia
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Australia (1)
-
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Broken Hill Mine (1)
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Caledonides (9)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Minas Basin (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland (1)
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-
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Elba (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Austroalpine Zone (1)
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Carnic Alps (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
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Austria (1)
-
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal (1)
-
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Italy
-
Apennines
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Apuane Alps (1)
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Central Apennines (2)
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Monte Amiata (3)
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Northern Apennines (6)
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Southern Apennines (2)
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Basilicata Italy (1)
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Calabria Italy
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Sila Massif (2)
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Latium Italy (2)
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Liguria Italy (4)
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Marches Italy (1)
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Piemonte Italy
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Alessandria Italy (1)
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Sardinia Italy (2)
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Sicily Italy
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Madonie Mountains (1)
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Peloritani Mountains (2)
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Tuscan Nappe (3)
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Tuscany Italy
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Apuane Alps (1)
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Monte Amiata (3)
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Umbria Italy (3)
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Malta (1)
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Variscides (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Corsica (1)
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Paris France (1)
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Ireland
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Cork Ireland (1)
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Donegal Ireland (3)
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Galway Ireland
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Connemara (2)
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Kerry Ireland (1)
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Mayo Ireland (5)
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Sligo Ireland (1)
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Wicklow Mountains (1)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Bristol Channel (1)
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England
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Cumbria England (1)
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Wessex Basin (1)
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Scotland
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Argyllshire Scotland
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Islay (1)
-
-
Edinburgh Scotland (1)
-
Great Glen Fault (1)
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Islay (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
Lusitanian Basin (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
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Timor (1)
-
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Mediterranean region
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Calabrian Arc (4)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Adriatic Sea (1)
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Ionian Sea (2)
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West Mediterranean
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Tyrrhenian Basin (1)
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Tyrrhenian Sea (4)
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-
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Newfoundland Basin (1)
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North America
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Appalachians (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province (2)
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-
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North Sea region (1)
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polar regions (1)
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Sydney Basin (1)
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United States
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Washington
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Clallam County Washington (1)
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Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
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Jefferson County Washington (1)
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Lewis County Washington (1)
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Thurston County Washington (1)
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commodities
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oil and gas fields (3)
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petroleum
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-14 (1)
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chemical ratios (1)
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isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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stable isotopes
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
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aluminum (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
-
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
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-
silicon (1)
-
-
fossils
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Graptolithina (1)
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ichnofossils
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Planolites (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (1)
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-
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Bryozoa (1)
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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-
Gastropoda (1)
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Polyplacophora (1)
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina (2)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
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Nephrolepidina (1)
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Rotaliacea
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Heterostegina (1)
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Nummulitidae
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Nummulites
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Operculina (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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microfossils (10)
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palynomorphs
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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Coccolithophoraceae
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nannofossils (1)
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Spermatophyta
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
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Neogene
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middle Miocene
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (5)
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-
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene
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Zanclean (1)
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-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
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Crescent Formation (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
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Dalradian (8)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Aptian (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Dunlin Group (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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-
-
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Allegheny Group (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (1)
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-
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Devonian
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Permian (7)
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Silurian
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-
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Precambrian
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Archean (5)
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Lewisian Complex (2)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Lewisian (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Laxfordian (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Moine Supergroup (1)
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Moinian (1)
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Riphean (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (4)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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granites (5)
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lamprophyres (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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ophiolite (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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metaigneous rocks
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ophiolite (2)
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minerals
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phosphates
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clinoamphibole
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pyroxene group (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (3)
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silica minerals
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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zircon group
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zircon (6)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
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clay minerals (3)
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mica group
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muscovite (3)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (14)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
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Namaqualand (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland (2)
-
-
Asia
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Far East
-
China
-
Tarim Platform (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Lesser Sunda Islands
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Timor (1)
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
East Anatolian Fault (1)
-
North Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Celtic Sea (2)
-
English Channel (1)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (4)
-
Flemish Cap (1)
-
Goban Spur (1)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
-
North Sea
-
East Shetland Basin (1)
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Iberian abyssal plain (1)
-
Porcupine Bank (2)
-
Porcupine Seabight (1)
-
-
Porcupine Basin (8)
-
Rockall Bank (2)
-
Rockall Trough (9)
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Faeroe Islands (2)
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Atlantic region (1)
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Australasia
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Australia (1)
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bibliography (2)
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biogeography (1)
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biography (1)
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brines (1)
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Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Minas Basin (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
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-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene (3)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (5)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Crescent Formation (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
construction materials (1)
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continental drift (1)
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continental shelf (5)
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crust (9)
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data processing (1)
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deformation (12)
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energy sources (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Austroalpine Zone (1)
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Carnic Alps (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
Central Apennines (2)
-
Monte Amiata (3)
-
Northern Apennines (6)
-
Southern Apennines (2)
-
-
Basilicata Italy (1)
-
Calabria Italy
-
Sila Massif (2)
-
-
Latium Italy (2)
-
Liguria Italy (4)
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Marches Italy (1)
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Molise Italy (1)
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Piemonte Italy
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Alessandria Italy (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (2)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Madonie Mountains (1)
-
Peloritani Mountains (2)
-
-
Tuscan Nappe (3)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
Monte Amiata (3)
-
-
Umbria Italy (3)
-
-
Malta (1)
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
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Corsica (1)
-
Paris France (1)
-
-
Ireland
-
Cork Ireland (1)
-
Donegal Ireland (3)
-
Galway Ireland
-
Connemara (2)
-
-
Kerry Ireland (1)
-
Mayo Ireland (5)
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Sligo Ireland (1)
-
Wicklow Mountains (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Bristol Channel (1)
-
England
-
Cumbria England (1)
-
Wessex Basin (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Islay (1)
-
-
Edinburgh Scotland (1)
-
Great Glen Fault (1)
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Islay (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
faults (25)
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folds (7)
-
foliation (3)
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fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (13)
-
geochronology (4)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (19)
-
geothermal energy (1)
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Graptolithina (1)
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ground water (1)
-
hydrogen (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Planolites (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (5)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
intrusions (5)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
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Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
-
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
Polyplacophora (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina (2)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Nephrolepidina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Heterostegina (1)
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites
-
Operculina (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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lava (1)
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magmas (1)
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Malay Archipelago
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Timor (1)
-
-
mantle (3)
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maps (3)
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Mediterranean region
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Calabrian Arc (4)
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Adriatic Sea (1)
-
Ionian Sea (2)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Basin (1)
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (4)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Aptian (1)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Dunlin Group (1)
-
Hettangian (2)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian (3)
-
upper Liassic (1)
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Erris Basin
Axial stratigraphic cross-section through the Slyne/Erris Basin. The datum ...
Axial stratigraphic cross-section through the Slyne/Erris Basin. The datum ...
Abstract The Rockall, Slyne, Erris and Porcupine basins on the Atlantic margin off Ireland belong to a family of geologically similar basins stretching from offshore mid-Norway to offshore Newfoundland. Jurassic sequences act as reservoir and source rocks in many of the basins. Cretaceous extensional faulting was widespread and major subsidence affected several basins. Cretaceous submarine fan and shallow marine sandstones and Paleocene submarine fan sandstones often provide reservoir targets. Cretaceous and Paleocene to Eocene volcanic rocks are widespread and Eocene to Recent net subsidence has resulted in water depths which generally exceed 200 m and reach over 2000 m in the south. Passive uplift affected the land areas to the east in Neogene times. Proven Jurassic-sourced petroleum systems occur in six basins from the Halten Terrace to the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, including the northern Porcupine Basin and the Slyne-Erris basins. In the latter the Jurassic petroleum system has been destroyed by uplift, but a Carboniferous petroleum system has proved successful there for gas. West and northwest of these proven basins, on the ‘outboard’ side of the Atlantic margin, are large frontier areas. Recent gas discoveries in the deep V Ø ring Basin prove the existence of petroleum Systems there but the source is not known. On both margins of the Rockall Basin and in the southern Porcupine Basin petroleum systems may exist but are not yet proven. In this article we review the petroleum geology of the Irish Atlantic basins (Rockall, Slyne, Erris and Porcupine basins) in the context of the wider family
Abstract Deepwater sedimentary basins are attracting increased attention from the hydrocarbon industry and academia as they remain one of the last geological frontiers still to be fully explored and understood. As part of a regional project to understand basin development offshore Ireland, we have developed and tested new ways of improving seismic images, and of incorporating these improvements into geological interpretations. Here we illustrate this methodology using three case histories from the Porcupine, Slyne and Erris Basins. In each case, the first stage of the workflow consists of reprocessing a selection of key seismic data. Processing includes relative amplitude preservation and advanced demultiple and interpretation-driven pre-stack depth imaging. Interpretation of the data is assisted by incorporating products such as multiple models, pre-stack gathers, velocity models and attributes. Finally, we show how a velocity model can be inverted to exhumation estimates. The results and approach developed here can be applied to other deepwater exploration areas.
Location map showing the position of the Porcupine Basin and Connemara disc...
The Erris Ridge: a major geological feature in the NW Irish Offshore Basins
Abstract Analysis of the results of regional mapping, integrated with new regional subcrop maps, has yielded significant regional concepts regarding the development of the frontier sedimentary basins west of Ireland. Five provinces of basement and Devono-Carboniferous rocks are mapped across the region. The nature of the basement successions, together with their inherent lineaments and structural fabrics, exerted a major influence on the location and structural segmentation of the basins and in acting as a conduit for Early Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic igneous activity. The major structures in the Porcupine region were N–S throughout its Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic history, while those in the Slyne, Erris, Rockall and probably Hatton basins were predominantly NNE–SSW to NE–SW. The main structural controls in the Goban region were orientated ENE–WSW and NNW–SSE. The Porcupine Basin is shown to have a more pronounced N–S orientation than has hitherto been proposed. In particular, the basement core of the Porcupine High is shown to extend southwards to the Goban province, thereby isolating the basin for most of its history from the Atlantic region to the west. Separate Permo-Triassic to Jurassic basins occur on the flanks of the main, younger Rockall Basin and their location and orientation were influenced by NE–SW to ENE–WSW structural fabrics. Permo-Triassic sedimentation took place in a series of rift basins in the Porcupine, Rockall, Slyne–Erris and Goban regions. Jurassic rifting was widespread in most of the basins, commencing in Middle Jurassic time in the Slyne Basin but later (Late Jurassic) in the Porcupine and Rockall basins. Early Cretaceous sedimentation was more pronounced in the Porcupine and Rockall basins and shows less control by deep-seated structures. Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous basin margin uplift on the flanks of the Rockall Basin in particular, is likely to explain the thin to absent nature of such strata in some of the adjacent smaller basins.
Location and gross tectonic setting of the Faroe–Shetland region in the con...
Location map of present-day sedimentary basins containing the Triassic Sher...
Core porosity measurements for the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone reservoir, f...
( a ) Palaeogeographical reconstruction of Middle Triassic (after Ziegler ...
Abstract Ireland is virtually encircled by sedimentary basins ( Fig. 1 ) that developed in response to a series of rift episodes interspersed with periods of thermal subsidence. A number of inversion episodes also played a role in the development of sediment source areas and in the structuring of the basins. These basins can be categorized into two groups. The first comprises the basins of Northern Ireland, the Irish Sea and Celtic Sea areas, and the inboard basins (Slyne, Erris and Donegal basins) of the Atlantic margin. They generally have a NE–SW elongate morphology and typically lie within 100 km of the shore. Their sedimentary fill is predominantly of pre-Tertiary age and they have no major bathymetric expression. The second group, comprising the outboard basins of the Atlantic margin (Goban Spur, Porcupine, Rockall and Hatton basins), lies in deep water. These basins are characterized by having an extensive surface area, typically containing a predominantly Cretaceous and Tertiary succession and having an underfilled sedimentary character. The Irish offshore basins have been the focus of intermittent phases of exploration since the first well was drilled in 1970. To date, a total of 136 wells has been drilled ( Fig. 2 ), with 37 of these in the basins west of Ireland. The total cost of wells in the Irish offshore, in 2001 prices, is approximately IR £1500 million. A significant amount of 2D reflection seismic data has been acquired ( Fig. 3 ), both as speculative and proprietary surveys. Two commercial gas fields
Exhumation of the Corrib Gas Field, Slyne Basin, offshore Ireland
Petroleum geochemistry of the Lower and Middle Jurassic in Atlantic margin basins of Ireland and the UK
Abstract Potential hydrocarbon source rocks of Lower and Middle Jurassic age have been reported from outcrop, shallow boreholes and exploration wells in Atlantic margin basins of the UK (Hebrides, West of Shetlands and flanking the NE Rockall Trough) and, recently, in the continuation of this trend offshore Ireland (Slyne, Erris and Porcupine basins). Previously these organic-rich mudrocks were considered to be of little economic importance, due largely to their perceived limited areal distribution and low maturity. However, recent geochemical studies of oils and shales from exploration drilling of thèse basins shows the Lower and Middle Jurassic to have considerable potential as effective hydrocarbon source rocks, supplanting the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Kimmeridge Clay Formation equivalents as the only viable oil source rock in the region. Flanking the Atlantic margin in the Irish and UK sectors, rich oil source potential occurs in two transgressive mudrock cycles of Lower Jurassic age. These are the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian interval and the overlying Toarcian section, present in basins such as the Solan, Minch, Hebrides, Slyne, North Celtic Sea, St George’s Channel and Central English Channel. The Middle Jurassic source rocks have a more limited areal distribution and occur in the Faroe-Shetland, Solan, West Lewis, West Flannan, Hebrides, Slyne and North Porcupine basins with oil source potential in regressive marginal marine to lacustrine facies mudrocks. Geochemical studies were undertaken on mudrocks from the Lower and Middle Jurassic sections in Atlantic margin basins (outcrop, shallow borehole core and exploration well cores and cuttings samples) and on oils from drill stem test and shows (core and cuttings extracts). Detailed analyses using GC, GC-MS and carbon isotopes allowed both characterization of the source rocks and oil-to-source correlation. Biomarker and carbon isotope studies of oils from the Faroe-Shetland Basin (Foinaven and Schiehallion fields), the Porcupine Basin (Connemara accumulation), the Wessex Basin (Wytch Farm and Kimmeridge oil fields) and wells in the Slyne Basin show strong correlations to the various source rock developments in the Lower and Middle Jurassic. The mixed biodegraded Foinaven and Schiehallion oils have a major waxy component and correlate with lacustrine Middle Jurassic source rocks in the Solan and West Lewis/West Flannan basins. Middle Jurassic sourcing of the Connemara oils is also suggested, while oils in the Slyne Basin appear to have been largely sourced by the Lower Jurassic Pabba Shale Formation. Oils in the Wessex Basin (Wytch Farm and Kimmeridge) appear to have been sourced by Hettangian-Sinemurian mudrocks and those in the North Celtic Sea Basin by Toarcian source rocks. The results from this study, in combination with previously published data, show that rich, effective oil-prone source rocks occur in both the Lower and Middle Jurassic of the Atlantic margin basins offshore Ireland and the UK. These source rocks can be correlated with indigenous oils, indicating the existence of a previously under-evaluated petroleum system.
Abstract In response to the disintegration of Pangaea in the late Palaeozoic, with crustal extension propagating episodically northwards from the central Atlantic (Johnston et al. 2001), a series of extensional sedimentary rift basins developed on the continental shelf west and north of Ireland, forming a North Atlantic borderland basin system. The structural framework was largely inherited from Caledonian and older tectonic lineaments. These basins include the Porcupine Basin, and the Slyne, Erris and Rockall Troughs. The detailed depositional history varies from basin to basin, but overall patterns are similar. Basin development began in the Permian or Triassic, with the main rifting phase in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. This was followed by post-rift subsidence of the major basins, mostly to bathyal depths, in the early Cenozoic, interrupted by several Cenozoic episodes of regional uplift or tilting (Naylor & Shannon 2005; Praeg et al. 2005; Stoker et al. 2010).
Abstract This offshore area comprises two broadly NNE-trending Mesozoic and Tertiary basins present to the NW of Ireland: the larger Rockall Trough occurs to the NW of the interlinked Slyne Trough–Erris Trough–Donegal Basin (NW Offshore Basins). To the west of Ireland is the north-trending linked Main Porcupine–Seabight basins (Fig. 50). There has been little exploratory drilling in the basins, other than the Porcupine Basin (Croker & Shannon 1987), for which there are extensive seismic re?ection data. Carboniferous rocks up to 3 km thick are present within the Porcupine Basin, with deposits also recorded in the Goban Spur and NW Offshore Basins (Naylor 2001). Development of the Donegal Basin is considered to have initiated during the Carboniferous in response to dextral strike-slip displacement (Dobson & Whittington 1992). Geophysical data suggest the offshore extension of the Namurian Clare Basin, which may have existed as a west–east orientated Pennsylvanian basin, extending beneath the Porcupine Basin. The age of the sedimentary in?ll of the Rockall Trough is still uncertain and may extend back to Late Palaeozoic in age, although the main phase of extension is likely to be during the Cretaceous (Naylor 2001, and references therein).