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Enping Formation

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Journal Article

Hydrocarbon-generation potential of upper Eocene Enping Formation mudstones in the Huilu area, northern Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea Available to Purchase

Junwen Peng, Xiongqi Pang, Hesheng Shi, Huijie Peng, Shuang Xiao
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 01 July 2018
AAPG Bulletin (2018) 102 (7): 1323–1342.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/0926171602417005
...Junwen Peng; Xiongqi Pang; Hesheng Shi; Huijie Peng; Shuang Xiao ABSTRACT Upper Eocene Enping Formation mudstones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, which formed during a lake-flooding event, are one of the most important sets of cap rocks in the basin. However, the generation...
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View PDF for article title, Hydrocarbon-generation potential of upper Eocene <span class="search-highlight">Enping</span> <span class="search-highlight">Formation</span> mudstones in the Huilu area, northern Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
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Schematic and conceptual formation model of Enping Formation source rocks in the Huilu area, Pearl River Mouth Basin.

Schematic and conceptual formation model of Enping Formation source rocks i... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2018
Figure 16. Schematic and conceptual formation model of Enping Formation source rocks in the Huilu area, Pearl River Mouth Basin.
Image
Crossplot of Tmax versus hydrogen index of Enping Formation mudstone in Huilu area, northern Pearl River Mouth Basin. Template modified from Espitalié (1985). HC = hydrocarbon; HZ = Huizhou; I = type I kerogen; II = type II kerogen; III = type III kerogen; LF = Lufeng; Ro = vitrinite reflectance; Tmax = the temperature at which the maximum S2 yield is reached; TOC = total organic carbon.

Crossplot of T max versus hydrogen index of Enping Formation mudstone in... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2018
Figure 8. Crossplot of T max versus hydrogen index of Enping Formation mudstone in Huilu area, northern Pearl River Mouth Basin. Template modified from Espitalié (1985). HC = hydrocarbon; HZ = Huizhou; I = type I kerogen; II = type II kerogen; III = type III kerogen; LF = Lufeng; R o
Image
Organic maceral characteristics of Enping Formation mudstones in the northern Pearl River Mouth Basin (data from Zhu et al., 2007). Note that wells Huizhou (HZ) 8, HZ 23, and Xijiang (XJ) 24 are located in Huilu area (Figure 1), whereas wells XJ 33 and Panyu (PY) 33 are located in Xijiang sag, to the east of Huizhou sag, which experienced similar evolution and deposition history.

Organic maceral characteristics of Enping Formation mudstones in the northe... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2018
Figure 9. Organic maceral characteristics of Enping Formation mudstones in the northern Pearl River Mouth Basin (data from Zhu et al., 2007 ). Note that wells Huizhou (HZ) 8, HZ 23, and Xijiang (XJ) 24 are located in Huilu area ( Figure 1 ), whereas wells XJ 33 and Panyu (PY) 33 are located
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Gas and mass chromatograms of Enping Formation (E2e) mudstones from the Huilu area: (A), (D), (G), and (J) show distribution characteristics of tricyclic terpanes (mass-to-charge ratio [m/z] 191); (B), (E), (H), and (K) show distribution characteristics of steranes (m/z 217); (C), (F), (I), and (L) show the enrichment of trans-trans-trans-bicadinane (T) (m/z 412). C19 TT–C23 TT = C19–C23 tricyclic terpanes; C30H = C30 hopane; HZ = Huizhou; LF = Lufeng.

Gas and mass chromatograms of Enping Formation (E 2 e) mudstones from the H... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2018
Figure 11. Gas and mass chromatograms of Enping Formation (E 2 e) mudstones from the Huilu area: (A), (D), (G), and (J) show distribution characteristics of tricyclic terpanes (mass-to-charge ratio [ m/z ] 191); (B), (E), (H), and (K) show distribution characteristics of steranes ( m/z 217); (C
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Thickness distribution of Enping Formation source rocks in the Huilu area, Pearl River Mouth Basin (contour values in meters; modified from Peng et al., 2016). HZ = Huizhou; LF = Lufeng; XJ = Xijiang.

Thickness distribution of Enping Formation source rocks in the Huilu area, ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2018
Figure 15. Thickness distribution of Enping Formation source rocks in the Huilu area, Pearl River Mouth Basin (contour values in meters; modified from Peng et al., 2016 ). HZ = Huizhou; LF = Lufeng; XJ = Xijiang.
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—The dicardarane of oil and source rock of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag (from Gong et al., 1997).

—The dicardarane of oil and source rock of the Enping Formation in the Wenc... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 1999
Figure 15 —The dicardarane of oil and source rock of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag (from Gong et al., 1997 ).
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—Isopach map of the Enping Formation in the Zhu III subbasin.

—Isopach map of the Enping Formation in the Zhu III subbasin. Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 1999
Figure 13 —Isopach map of the Enping Formation in the Zhu III subbasin.
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—Organic matter maturity of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag, Zhu III subbasin.

—Organic matter maturity of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag, Zhu... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 1999
Figure 16 —Organic matter maturity of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag, Zhu III subbasin.
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—Elemental composition of kerogens of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag, Zhu III subbasin.

—Elemental composition of kerogens of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 1999
Figure 14 —Elemental composition of kerogens of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag, Zhu III subbasin.
Journal Article

Geochemical characteristics, origins, and model of lacustrine source rocks in the Zhu 1 depression, eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea Available to Purchase

Xiaohuan Bao, Yubin Ji, Yue Hu, Yi Zong
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 01 September 2017
AAPG Bulletin (2017) 101 (9): 1543–1564.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/11071614117
..., is characterized by two thick, Paleogene, organic-rich synrift units, the Wenchang and Enping Formations. The integration of bulk geochemical and biomarker data with tectonic and sedimentary information provides the basis for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental and ecological changes through geologic...
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View PDF for article title, Geochemical characteristics, origins, and model of lacustrine source rocks in the Zhu 1 depression, eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
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Journal Article

Geochemical characteristics and analysis of crude-oil source in the deep-water area of the Baiyun Sag, South China Sea Available to Purchase

Dashuang He, Dujie Hou, Tao Chen
Published: 01 May 2018
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2018) 59 (5): 499–511.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2018.04.004
.... Crude oil in the northern area of the Baiyun Sag is more mature than samples in the eastern part of the sag. Despite limited source rock data, we were able to conclude that the crude oil samples were derived mainly from the Enping Formation; other potential source rocks of the Wenchang and Zhuhai...
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View PDF for article title, Geochemical characteristics and analysis of crude-oil source in the deep-water area of the Baiyun Sag, South China Sea
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(A) Variation of methane δ13C versus ethane δ13C for fluid inclusion gases and reservoir gases from the Baiyun depression (BY) and the Panyu lower uplift (PY). Gases generated from type III kerogen in the Dongfang gas field, Yinggehai Basin (YGH), and the Yacheng gas field, Qiongdongnan Basin (QDN), are from Hao et al. (1998, 2000). Coal-type gases from the Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures in the Tarim, Junggar, and Turpan–Hami Basins and from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation coal measure in the Sichuan Basin are from Dai et al. (2014). (B) The mixing of the Enping Formation–sourced oil-associated gas with the highly mature Wenchang Formation–sourced gas. The typical Enping Formation–sourced oil-associated gas from well HZ9-2-1 in the Huizhou depression in the Zhu I subbasin (δ13C1 = –43.4‰, δ13C2 = –31.4‰) was selected as one end member, and the fluid inclusion gas in BY09 (Table 1) was selected as the other end member (highly mature Wenchang Formation–sourced gas) for the mixing contribution calculation. The molar fractions of methane and ethane in the Enping Formation–sourced oil-associated gas are assumed to be 0.70 and 0.06, respectively. The highly mature Wenchang Formation–sourced gas is assumed to be a dry gas with these molar fractions: methane (0.96%) and ethane (0.04%). The contribution of the Enping Formation–sourced oil-associated gas to the mixture can be calculated based on equations 2–5. The solid line connecting the Enping Formation–sourced oil-associated gas and the highly mature Wenchang Formation–sourced gas represents fractions of the Enping Formation–sourced oil-associated gas in mixture. PDB = Peedee belemnite.

(A) Variation of methane δ 13 C versus ethane δ 13 C for fluid inclusion ga... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 April 2021
, Qiongdongnan Basin (QDN), are from Hao et al. (1998 , 2000) . Coal-type gases from the Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures in the Tarim, Junggar, and Turpan–Hami Basins and from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation coal measure in the Sichuan Basin are from Dai et al. (2014) . (B) The mixing of the Enping
Journal Article

Evidence for deeply buried, oil-prone source rocks in the Baiyun depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea Available to Purchase

Hongwei Ping, Honghan Chen, Puqiang Zhai, Junzhang Zhu, Wanlin Xiong, Lingtao Kong, Se Gong, Tania J. Vergara, Simon C. George
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 15 April 2021
AAPG Bulletin (2021) 105 (4): 749–783.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/04072018144
..., Qiongdongnan Basin (QDN), are from Hao et al. (1998 , 2000) . Coal-type gases from the Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures in the Tarim, Junggar, and Turpan–Hami Basins and from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation coal measure in the Sichuan Basin are from Dai et al. (2014) . (B) The mixing of the Enping...
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View PDF for article title, Evidence for deeply buried, oil-prone source rocks in the Baiyun depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea
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Journal Article

Geochemistry, origin, and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins, South China Sea Available to Purchase

Weilin Zhu, Baojia Huang, Lijun Mi, Ronald W. T. Wilkins, Ning Fu, Xianming Xiao
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 01 June 2009
AAPG Bulletin (2009) 93 (6): 741–761.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/02170908099
.... In contrast, the gases from the PRM basin contain lower amounts of benzene and toluene and lighter δ 13 C 2 values (−24 to −34‰). Widely variable concentrations of bicadinane and oleanane were identified from the associated condensates, which can be mostly correlated with the lower Oligocene Enping Formation...
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View PDF for article title, Geochemistry, origin, and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins, South China Sea
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Activation energy distributions for four source rock types determined by analysis of closed isothermal hydrous pyrolysis experiments and input parameters for hydrocarbon generation modeling including total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrogen index (HI) values. (A) Wenchang Formation source rock from well PY5-8-1 (oil-prone type II kerogen), which was used to model the hydrocarbon generation history of the semideep-water and deep-water lacustrine facies source rocks in the Wenchang Formation in the Baiyun depression. (B) Enping Formation source rock from well HZ8-1-1 (gas-prone type II kerogen), which was used to model the hydrocarbon generation history of the shallow-water lacustrine facies source rocks in the Wenchang Formation in the Baiyun depression. (C) Enping Formation source rock from well HZ8-1-1 (gas-prone type III kerogen), which was used to model the hydrocarbon generation history of the shallow-water lacustrine facies source rocks in the Enping Formation in the Baiyun depression. (D) Zhuhai Formation source rock from well E43-1-1 (gas-prone type II kerogen), which was used to model the hydrocarbon generation history of the shallow-water marine facies source rocks in the Enping Formation in the Baiyun depression.

Activation energy distributions for four source rock types determined by an... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 April 2021
source rock from well PY5-8-1 (oil-prone type II kerogen), which was used to model the hydrocarbon generation history of the semideep-water and deep-water lacustrine facies source rocks in the Wenchang Formation in the Baiyun depression. (B) Enping Formation source rock from well HZ8-1-1 (gas-prone type
Journal Article

Origin, source, mixing, and thermal maturity of natural gases in the Panyu lower uplift and the Baiyun depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea Available to Purchase

Hongwei Ping, Honghan Chen, Junzhang Zhu, Simon C. George, Lijun Mi, Xiong Pang, Puqiang Zhai
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 01 November 2018
AAPG Bulletin (2018) 102 (11): 2171–2200.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/04121817160
... the heavy hydrocarbon gases (propane, butanes, and pentanes) are derived from both the Wenchang and Enping (type III kerogen) Formations, based on an integrated comparison of carbon isotopic compositions of the natural gases, typical type I/II and type III kerogen-derived gases, and the Enping and Wenchang...
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View PDF for article title, Origin, source, mixing, and thermal maturity of natural gases in the Panyu lower uplift and the Baiyun depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea
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Surface distribution of oil sources in the Baiyun Sag. I, organic matter (OM) derived from the Enping Formation, primarily; II, OM derived from the Enping and Wenchang Formations; III, OM derived from the Wenchang Formation, primarily; IV, OM derived from the Enping and Zhuhai Formations; V, OM derived from the Enping, Wenchang, and Zhuhai Formations.

Surface distribution of oil sources in the Baiyun Sag. I, organic matter (O... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2018
Fig. 13. Surface distribution of oil sources in the Baiyun Sag. I, organic matter (OM) derived from the Enping Formation, primarily; II, OM derived from the Enping and Wenchang Formations; III, OM derived from the Wenchang Formation, primarily; IV, OM derived from the Enping and Zhuhai Formations
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GC-MS TIC, m/z 191 and m/z 217 traces of five oil samples representing different sources. S1-EP, single source from the Enping Formation; S1-WC, single source from the Wenchang Formation; M1, mixed sources from the Enping and Wenchang Formation; M2, mixed sources from the Enping and Zhuhai Formations; M3, mixed sources from the Enping, Wenchang, and Zhuhai Formations.

GC-MS TIC, m / z 191 and m / z 217 traces of five oil samples represent... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2018
Fig. 12. GC-MS TIC, m / z 191 and m / z 217 traces of five oil samples representing different sources. S1-EP, single source from the Enping Formation; S1-WC, single source from the Wenchang Formation; M1, mixed sources from the Enping and Wenchang Formation; M2, mixed sources from the Enping
Journal Article

Petroleum Systems of the Zhu III Subbasin, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea Available to Purchase

Zhu Weilin, Li Mingbi, Wu Peikang
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 01 June 1999
AAPG Bulletin (1999) 83 (6): 990–1003.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/E4FD2E47-1732-11D7-8645000102C1865D
...Figure 15 —The dicardarane of oil and source rock of the Enping Formation in the Wenchang A sag (from Gong et al., 1997 ). ...
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View PDF for article title, Petroleum Systems of the Zhu III Subbasin, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
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