...D. G. Masson Abstract Landslides play an important role in the evolution of many volcanic islands, producing huge fields of blocky volcanic debris on their submarine slopes. Sidescan sonar images presented in this paper provide evidence for a large debris avalanche, El Golfo, on the northern flank...

... that this catastrophic debris avalanche is younger than 134 ka but older than 21 ka ( Carracedo et al., 2001 ). Figure 1 Shaded relief map of El Hierro Island. (A) Dashed lines show extent of El Golfo landslide (EGL) scar and deposits. Symbols represent sampling and/or investigated outcrop localities. (B...

... (the Southern Ridge) and two semi-circular volcanic cones (Tiñor volcano, El Golfo volcano). During edifice growth and volcano coalescence, eruption fissures nucleated into rift zones that developed a complex triangle pattern. In scaled analogue experiments we could successfully reproduce the geometry of rift...

...-scale collapses mobilized ∼450 km 3 of El Hierro during the past 200–300 k.y., with each landslide involving ∼3% of the edifice volume ( Gee et al., 2001 ). A giant flank landslide such as the El Golfo debris avalanche (150–180 km 3 , 13–134 ka) ( Masson, 1996 ) mobilized in a single event a volume...

...Figure 6. El Hiero Island and the El Golfo subaerial and submarine debris avalanche, Canary Islands, Spain (after Locat and Lee, 2002 ; modified from Urgeles et al., 1997 ). ...

... Islands ( Masson 1996 ; Gee et al . 2001 ). At least 14 large landslides have occurred on the flank of El Hierro, La Palma and Tenerife, and most of them took the form of debris avalanches ( Masson et al . 2002 ). Slope failure of major portions of a volcanic edifice can trigger explosive activity...

... (Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Volume 157, 1998). “Morphometric interpretation of the northwest and southeast slopes of Tenerife, Canary Islands” by Teide Group ( Journal of Geophysical Research , 1997). “The most recent megalandslides of the Canary Islands: El Golfo debris avalanche and Canary...

..., as well as from other oceanic islands and volcanoes in general, have vastly larger volumes. For example, during the El Golfo debris avalanche, ∼50–180 km 3 of material was moved ( Masson et al., 2002 ), the equivalent of ∼500 of the volcanic structures of the type emplaced in 2011–2012 on El Hierro...

... in the Los Dornajos and El Loro galerías, both on the north flank of the NE rift. A similar pattern is retained in both examples, including a debris avalanche deposit. Figure 5. K/Ar ages from this work and earlier studies on rocks of the NE rift zone (ages in ka). The ages in boxes...

... , J. , Alonso , B. & Masson , D. 1997 . The most recent megalandslides of the Canary Islands: El Golfo debris avalanche and Canary debris flow, west El Hierro Island . Journal of Geophysical Research , 102 ( B9 ), 20305 – 20323 . Voight , B. , Komorowski , J.C...

...., Canals, M., Baraza, J., Alonso, B., and Masson, D., 1997 , The most recent megalandslides of the Canary Islands: El Golfo debris avalanche and Canary debris flow...

... has been observed at Tenerife, although block and ash deposits related to this type of small hot avalanches have been found on the islands of La Palma and El Hierro ( Carracedo et al., 2001 ). Air-fall pumice deposits are ubiquitous, and generally composed of thin (centimeter scale) layers. A thicker...

..., focal depth about 33 km re- stricted (USCGS). "Earthquake swarm March 20, 1969 and after, in the vicinity of 31°12tN, 114°30'W, where several aftershocks were located by portable seismographs at E1 Golfo and San Felipe, Mexico. Activity began 08h16m23.05 with an M = 5.2 (PAS) event, and 11 events with M...

... has been described in other oceanic islands, always associated with giant landslide and subsequent volcanic filling: El Golfo in El Hierro ( Guillou et al . 1998 ), Cumbre Nueva and the upper part of the Taburiente volcano in La Palma ( Guillou et al . 2001 ; Paris & Carracedo 2001 ), Teno...

... ( Suárez, 1992 ), an accompanying mud avalanche and debris flow caused significant damage. Suter et al. (1996) estimated the number of deaths to be more than 1500. The main damages were concentrated at an area located at ∼ 30    km to the southwest of the city of Xalapa. There were some...

..., inundaciones y maremotos en la zona sur de Chile . Santiago , 1960 . Depto de Navegación e Hidrografia de la Armada El maremoto del 22 de mayo de 1960 . Boletin Inform. Valparaiso Año XVI (1960) Nr. 56 . Dobrovolny Lemke...

...) Rev Marina , No. 5 , Vol. 76 . Sievers Hellmuth 1960 . El Maremoto del 22 de Mayo de 1960 , (The Tsunami of 22 May, 1960) Rev Marina , No. 5 , Vol. 76 . Watanabe Takeo...

... Longpré , M.-A. , Chadwick , J.P. , Wijbrans , J. and Iping , R. 2011 . Age of the El Golfo debris avalanche, El Hierro (Canary Islands): new constraints from laser and furnace 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating . Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , 203 , 76 – 80 , https://doi.org...

... ickling et alii , 2002 ) as a result of avalanching from the top of the dune ( S aye et alii , 2006 ). These kinds of strata are often moderately packed ( H unter , 1985 ) and intensively bioturbated. The sedimentary structures were completely obliterated by the strong bioturbation testified by the high...