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Figure3—A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the length (in μm) noted in the parentheses. 1, 2,Echidnina irregularisWon and Iams, 2002. 1, GSC-122074 (GP18-5), (33.3). 2, GSC-122075 (GP26B-52), (28.5) with thorny surface. 3a, 3b,Subechidnina sp. A, GSC-122076 (GP18-4), (33.3, 14.2), note the reduced inwardly directed ray (large arrow) in the center and spicule modified by bearing several branches (small arrows) at the distal end of the ray. 4, 5,Echidnina bengtsoniKozur, Mostler, and Repetski, 1996. 4, GSC-122077 (BS64B-26), (25). 5, GSC-122078 (GP25I-10), (28.5). 6a, 6b,Echidnina sp. C, GSC-122079 (BP61-29), (25,13.1). 7–12,Echidnina semiconexa n. sp., with or without thorny surface. 7, GSC-122080 (GP25B2-44), (33.3). 8a, 8b, Holotype, GSC-122081 (GP25h-8), (33.3, 14.2). 9, GSC-122082 (GP25h-2), (33.3). 10, GSC-122083 (GP25A1-16), (33.3). 11, GSC-122084 (MP36C-11), (33.3). 12, GSC-122085 (MP36B-3), (22.2), spicules are joined by fusion at contact points of crossing rays. 13, A fragment of Echidnina sp. A, GSC-122086 (SP10-9), (25), arrow points to a shared ray between neighboring six-rayed spicules. 14–16a, 16b,Echidnina conexa n. sp. 14, Holotype, GSC-122087 (GP25-X), (33.3). 15, GSC-122088 (GP26B-51), (25). 16a, GSC-122089 (GP25A1-15), (33.3); 16b, bottom side of 16a shows smoothly latticed meshwork structure of the inner surface

Figure 3 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the len...

Published: 01 May 2005
Figure 3 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the length (in μm) noted in the parentheses. 1, 2, Echidnina irregularis Won and Iams, 2002 . 1, GSC-122074 (GP18-5), (33.3). 2, GSC-122075 (GP26B-52), (28.5) with thorny surface. 3a, 3b, Subechidnina sp. A, GSC-122076
Journal Article

EARLIEST ORDOVICIAN (EARLY TO MIDDLE TREMADOCIAN) RADIOLARIAN FAUNAS OF THE COW HEAD GROUP, WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND

MUN-ZU WON, WILLIAM J. IAMS, KATHERINE REED
Published: 01 May 2005
Journal of Paleontology (2005) 79 (3): 433–459.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0433:EOETMT>2.0.CO;2
...Figure 3 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the length (in μm) noted in the parentheses. 1, 2, Echidnina irregularis Won and Iams, 2002 . 1, GSC-122074 (GP18-5), (33.3). 2, GSC-122075 (GP26B-52), (28.5) with thorny surface. 3a, 3b, Subechidnina sp. A, GSC-122076...
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Figure4—A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the length (in μm) noted in the parentheses. 1a, 1b, 2,Echidnina laxa n. sp. 1, Holotype, GSC-122090 (GP25C-23), (50,50). 2, GSC-122091 (GP26f-15), (25). 3–6,Curvechidnina multiramosa n. sp. 3, GSC-122092 (MP36d-19), (25). 4, Holotype, GSC-122093 (GP26A-63), (22.2). 5a, 5b, GSC-122094 (GP25C-3), (33.3,18.8). 6, GSC-122095 (GP26E-33), (40). 7, 8a, 8b,Echidnina severedeformis n. sp. 7, GSC-122096 (GP25C-4), (28.5). 8a, 8b, Holotype, GSC-122097 (GP25C-32), (25, 25). 9a, 9b,Echidnina sp. B, GSC-122098 (SP30A-4), (28.5, 12.5). 10–15,Palaeospiculum curvum n. sp. 10, GSC-122099 (GP26A-58), (33.3). 11, GSC-122100 (GP26A-59), (33.3). 12, Holotype, GSC-122101 (MP36A-24), (28.5). 13a, 13b, GSC-122102 (GP26A-62), (33.3, 14.2). 14, GSC-122103 (GP26A-61), (20). 15, GSC-122104 (GP26A-60), (20)

Figure 4 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the len...

Published: 01 May 2005
Figure 4 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the length (in μm) noted in the parentheses. 1a, 1b, 2, Echidnina laxa n. sp. 1, Holotype, GSC-122090 (GP25C-23), (50,50). 2, GSC-122091 (GP26f-15), (25). 3–6, Curvechidnina multiramosa n. sp. 3, GSC-122092 (MP36d-19
Journal Article

LATE CAMBRIAN RADIOLARIAN FAUNAS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE COW HEAD GROUP, WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND

MUN-ZU WON, WILLIAM J. IAMS
Published: 01 January 2002
Journal of Paleontology (2002) 76 (1): 1–33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0001:LCRFAB>2.0.CO;2
... , and Subechidnina . Most of the genera belong to the families Archeoentactinidae, Echidninidae, Palaeospiculumidae, and Protoentactiniidae; a few taxa have an uncertain taxonomic position. Echidnina , whose taxonomic identity was uncertain, is shown to be a radiolarian. The diversity of each of these faunas...
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Journal Article

Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian) Archaeospicularia and Entactinaria (radiolarians) from the Table Cove Formation, Piccadilly Quarry, Newfoundland, Canada

Sarah Kachovich, Jonathan C. Aitchison
Published: 01 September 2021
Journal of Paleontology (2021) 95 (5): 913–943.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.18
... ranges of the species: Pararcheoentactinia reedae Won and Iams, 2002 ; Sphaeroentactinia robusta Won and Iams, 2015 ; Varispiculum ectospiculatum Won and Iams, 2015 ; and Svalbardospiculum multifurcatum (Won, Iams, and Reed, 2005 ), together with the genus Echidnina to the mid-Darriwilian. UUID: http...
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Figure5—A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a length of 50 μm unless otherwise noted in the parenthesis without a measuring unit.

Figure 5 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a lengt...

Published: 01 January 2002
Figure 5 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a length of 50 μm unless otherwise noted in the parenthesis without a measuring unit. 1–2 , Echidnina ? stevensi n. sp.; 1, GSC-121952(MP4-24), spicule with two vertical (v) and six whorled (w) rays; 2, holotype, GSC
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Figure 11. Scale bar equals 50 µm. 1, 2, Antygopora ordovicicaMaletz and Bruton 2005: 1, GSC 131043; 2, GSC 131044; 3a–c, Antygopora sp., note the very small pores and indication of the presence of internal structure on 3c, GSC 131045; 4, Echidnina irregularisWon and Iams, 2002, GSC 131046; 5a, b, Echidnina semiconvexaWon et al., 2005, GSC 131047; 6, Neoaspiculum sp., GSC 131048; 7–9, conodonts from the first assemblage of bed 9 (unit 9.5); 7, Prioniodus adamiStouge and Bagnoli, 1988, GSC 131049; 8, Oelanderdus elongatusLindström, 1955, GSC 131050; 9, Paracordylodus gracilisLindström, 1955, GSC 131051; 10–14, Conodonts from the second assemblage from bed 9: 10, Parapanderodus carlae (Repetski, 1982), GSC 131052; 11, Prioniodus adamiStouge and Bagnoli, 1988, GSC 131053; 12a, b, P element of Oepikodus sp, GSC 131054; 13, Prioniodus adamiStouge and Bagnoli, 1988, GSC 131055; 14, S element of Prioniodus sp., GSC 131056.

Figure 11. Scale bar equals 50 µm. 1, 2, Antygopora ordovicica Maletz and...

Published: 01 January 2011
Figure 11. Scale bar equals 50 µm. 1, 2, Antygopora ordovicica Maletz and Bruton 2005 : 1, GSC 131043; 2, GSC 131044; 3a–c, Antygopora sp., note the very small pores and indication of the presence of internal structure on 3c, GSC 131045; 4, Echidnina irregularis Won and Iams, 2002 , GSC
Journal Article

Earliest Arenig Radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland

Mun-Zu Won, William J. Iams
Published: 01 January 2011
Journal of Paleontology (2011) 85 (1): 156–177.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/10-102.1
...Figure 11. Scale bar equals 50 µm. 1, 2, Antygopora ordovicica Maletz and Bruton 2005 : 1, GSC 131043; 2, GSC 131044; 3a–c, Antygopora sp., note the very small pores and indication of the presence of internal structure on 3c, GSC 131045; 4, Echidnina irregularis Won and Iams, 2002 , GSC...
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Scanning electron micrographs of radiolarians extracted from limestones from the Piccadilly Quarry, Newfoundland, Canada. Scale bar = 100 μm. (1) Protoentactinia sp.; PD05; (2, 4, 5) Ramuspiculum laxum n. sp.; (2) PD13; (4, 5) PD02; (3, 6, 7, 9) Sphaeroentactinia robusta Won; (3) PD13; (6, 7, 9) PD05; (8, 13) Varispiculum ectospiculatum Won and Iams; PD13; (10, 11) Ramuspiculum sp.; PD05; (12) Echidnina sp. aff. E. conexa Won, Iams, and Reed; PD02.

Scanning electron micrographs of radiolarians extracted from limestones fro...

Published: 01 September 2021
robusta Won; ( 3 ) PD13; ( 6, 7, 9 ) PD05; ( 8, 13 ) Varispiculum ectospiculatum Won and Iams; PD13; ( 10, 11 ) Ramuspiculum sp.; PD05; ( 12 ) Echidnina sp. aff. E . conexa Won, Iams, and Reed; PD02.
Image
Figure12—A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a length of 40 μm unless otherwise noted in the parenthesis without a measuring unit. From 1 to 14 note the relationship between specimens with or without a basal layer. 1, Parechidnina aspinosa s.l. (Won inWon and Below, 1999), GSC-122058(GP6-28). 2–3, Specimens having characters intermediate between P. aspinosa and P. jamesi; 2, GSC-122059(GP2-5); 3, GSC-122060(GP5-55). 4–14, Parechidnina jamesi n. sp.; 4, GSC-122061(GP5-54); 5, GSC-122062(GP2-12); 6, GSC-122063(GP6-17); 7, GSC-122064(BPS1-5); 8, GSC-122065(BPS1-1); 9, GSC-122066(BPS4′-12); 10, GSC-122067(BPS4′-5); 11–12, GSC-122068(BPS1-7), (50, 18.1), arrow indicates the inward tip of the spine that appears to be multi-furcated; 13–14, GSC-122069(BPS2-12), (50, 20), the innermost part of the shell wall forms a basal layer. 15–16, Echidnina sp., GSC-122070(BPS7-1), (33.3); 15 is an outer surface side and 16 is inner side of a broken specimen. 17–20, Genus et species indet. 1; 17, GSC-122071(GP7-8); 18, GSC-122072(GP8-1); 19–20, GSC-122073(GP4-11), (50), 20 is of the bottom side of the 19

Figure 12 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a leng...

Published: 01 January 2002
. 15–16 , Echidnina sp., GSC-122070(BPS7-1), (33.3); 15 is an outer surface side and 16 is inner side of a broken specimen. 17–20, Genus et species indet. 1; 17, GSC-122071(GP7-8); 18, GSC-122072(GP8-1); 19–20, GSC-122073(GP4-11), (50), 20 is of the bottom side of the 19
Image
Figure9—A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the length (in μm) noted in the parentheses. 1a, 1b, 2?,Protoentactinia minuta s.l. Kozur, Mostler, and Repetski, 1996, Morphotype 2. 1a, GSC-125533 (GP26B-49), (33.3). 1b, Most of outer branches are not fused, (12.5). 2, GSC-125534 (GP26B-48), (28.5). 3, 6, 7,Protoentactinia transformis s.s. n. sp., Morphotype 1. 3, Holotype, GSC-125535 (SP30C-10), (28.5). 6, GSC-125536 (BS64A-19), (25). 7, GSC-125537 (BS64A-5), (28.5). 4a, 4b,Protentactinia transformis s.l. n. sp., Morphotype 2, GSC-125538 (SP30A-6), (25, 12.5), trifurcated outermost branches can be recognized. 5a, 5b,Protoentactinia? sp. A, GSC-125539 (BS64B-j), (22.2), shows no branching structure, but inner structure is characteristic protoentactiniid spicule system. 8, 9,Echidnina? immanis n. sp. 8, Holotype, GSC-125540 (GP25I-8), (25). 9, GSC-125541 (BS61-18), (25). 10–13,Protoentactinia minuta s.s. Kozur, Mostler, and Repetski, 1996, Morphotype 1. 10, GSC-125542 (GP26B-45), (28.5). 11, GSC-125543 (GP26B-25), (22.2). 12a, 12b, GSC-125544 (BS64A-18), (25). 13, GSC-125545 (GP26E-1), (25). 14?–16,Protoentactinia gracilispinosa s.l. Kozur, Mostler, and Repetski, 1996. 14, GSC-125546 (SP30A-9), (28.5), outer spines present and most branches are delicate, as in P. minuta Morphotype 1, but no spherical inner framework, as in P. gracilispinosa, is formed. 15, GSC-125547 (SP30C-8), (33.3), with outer spines. 16, GSC-125548 (BPN78-2), (28.5), note outer spines

Figure 9 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to the len...

Published: 01 May 2005
), (25, 12.5), trifurcated outermost branches can be recognized. 5a, 5b, Protoentactinia ? sp. A, GSC-125539 (BS64B-j), (22.2), shows no branching structure, but inner structure is characteristic protoentactiniid spicule system. 8, 9, Echidnina ? immanis n. sp. 8, Holotype, GSC-125540 (GP25I-8
Image
Figure7—A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a length of 40 μm unless otherwise noted in the parenthesis without a measuring unit. 1–5, Curvechidnina longispinosa n. sp.; 1, holotype, GSC-121986(GP11-15); 2, GSC-121987(GP6-a), (50); 3, bottom side of 2 (50); 4, GSC-121988(GP11-20), (20), all rays of a spicule of the broken specimen are outwardly directed; 5, GSC-121989(GP7-31), ray length is shorter than that of the holotype. 6–8, Curvechidnina fusa n. sp.; 6, holotype, GSC-121990(GP4-13), outer surface of a broken specimen showing the spicule structure; 7–8, (40, 20), bottom side of the broken specimen in 6. Spicules are fused by a shared rays (short arrows) and by fusion at the crossing point (large arrow) of the rays. 9–13, Curvechidnina tetractina n. sp.; 9, holotype, GSC-121991(MP2-21); 10, GSC-121992(GP7-29); 11, a broken specimen, which was broken after 10 was photographed, showing a fused smooth inner surface; 12–13, GSC-121993(MP2-20), (40, 20), tetrahedrally arranged four-rayed spicules form a fused spherical shell through the fusion of the crossed parts of the rays. 14–16, Curvechidnina kozuri n. sp.; 14, holotype, GSC-121994(GP5-25), tetrahedrally arranged four-rayed spicules form a fused shell; 15, GSC-121995(GP11-13), original four rayed spicule structure is not evident; 16, bottom side of 15. 17–18, Echidnina? monactina n. sp.; 17, GSC-121996(GP6-56), (28.5); 18, holotype, GSC-121997(GP3-52), (28.5). 19, Genus et species indet. A, GSC-121998(GP3-44), (33.3). 20, Genus et species indet. B, GSC-121999(BPS-419), (66.6).

Figure 7 —A distance of 6 mm on these photographs is equivalent to a lengt...

Published: 01 January 2002
, holotype, GSC-121994(GP5-25), tetrahedrally arranged four-rayed spicules form a fused shell; 15, GSC-121995(GP11-13), original four rayed spicule structure is not evident; 16, bottom side of 15. 17–18 , Echidnina ? monactina n. sp.; 17, GSC-121996(GP6-56), (28.5); 18, holotype, GSC-121997(GP3
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List of archaeospicularians, entactinarians, and other radiolarians of unce...

Published: 01 September 2021
reedae Won and Iams 1 1 Sphaeroentactinia sp. aff. S. integrata (Maletz and Bruton) 4 10 14 Sphaeroentactinia robusta Won 3 1 4 Sphaeroentactinia sp. Sphaeroentactinia sp. 2 2 Echidninidae Echidnina sp. cf. E
Journal Article

The Beothuka terranova (Radiolaria) assemblage and its importance for the understanding of early Ordovician radiolarian evolution

JORG MALETZ, DAVID L. BRUTON
Published: 01 November 2005
Geological Magazine (2005) 142 (6): 711–721.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756805001391
... the Cow Head Group of western Newfoundland ( Won & Iams, 2002 ). They include spicular forms referred to the Archeoentactiniidae ( Pararcheoentactinia ), Palaeospiculumidae ( Palaeospiculum, Ramuspiculum ), Protoentactiniidae ( Protoentactinia ) and Echidninidae ( Echidnina, Curvechidnina...
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Book Chapter

Palaeogeographical distribution of Ordovician Radiolarian occurrences: patterns, significance and limitations

Author(s)
T. Danelian, P. Noble, L. Pouille, J. Maletz
Book: Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography
Series: Geological Society, London, Memoirs
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 January 2013
DOI: 10.1144/M38.25
EISBN: 9781862396425
... terranova ( Aitchison et al. 1998 ); ( j ) Echidnina conexa ( Won et al. 2005 ); ( k ) Haplotaeniatum sp.; ( l ) Proventocitum procerulum ( Nazarov, in Nazarov & Popov 1980 ). Laurentia also holds the currently best-known record of Floian Radiolaria, including the earliest record...
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Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Palaeogeographical distribution of Ordovician Radiolarian occurrences: patterns, significance and limitations
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Abstract Over the past 15 years, significant progress has been achieved in our understanding of Lower Palaeozoic radiolarian faunas. However, description of biogeographical patterns of Ordovician Radiolaria is hampered by the paucity of known occurrences as well as possible taphonomic influences. The distribution of all known assemblages is analysed in time and space. Lower Ordovician (especially Tremadocian) Radiolaria are known from two distinct tropical localities of Laurentia. Geographical coverage is much better for the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian). However, data are concentrated in tropical palaeolatitudes (between 30°N and 30°S). The absence of data from mid/high-latitude localities limits any biogeographical insights. In addition to this there are taphonomic and taxonomic biases. Data are also sparse for the Upper Ordovician. However, comparison between Australian and Nevadan material of Katian age shows strong similarities, suggesting the presence of a coherent tropical radiolarian bioprovince, as in the modern ocean.