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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
African Platform (1)
-
Congo Craton (2)
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
-
Lake Natron (1)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
Tanzania (4)
-
Uganda (1)
-
Zambia (2)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Natron (1)
-
Lake Tanganyika (2)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Gregory Rift (1)
-
Kalahari Desert (5)
-
Madagascar
-
Antananarivo Madagascar (1)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (2)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (3)
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Bahariya Oasis (1)
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (1)
-
Illizi Basin (2)
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Libya (1)
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (3)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (4)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
Tunisia (3)
-
-
Nubia (1)
-
Sahara (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (1)
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (4)
-
Kalahari Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (10)
-
Lesotho (2)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Otavi Namibia (1)
-
Tsumeb Namibia (2)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (4)
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Cape fold belt (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (3)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
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Mpumalanga South Africa (2)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (3)
-
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Zimbabwe
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Belingwe greenstone belt (1)
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Great Dyke (2)
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-
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Volta Basin (1)
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West Africa
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Benue Valley (1)
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Cameroon (1)
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Chad (1)
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Ghana (1)
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Ivory Coast (1)
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Nigeria
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Niger Delta (3)
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West African Shield (1)
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Alpine Fault (2)
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Altiplano (7)
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Andros Island (2)
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Antarctica
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Amundsen Sea (1)
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Antarctic ice sheet
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East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Antarctic Peninsula (2)
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East Antarctica (3)
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Larsemann Hills (1)
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Queen Maud Land (1)
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Ross Ice Shelf
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McMurdo Ice Shelf (2)
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South Shetland Islands
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King George Island (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains (1)
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Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (2)
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Wilkes Land (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Barents Sea
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White Sea (2)
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Laptev Sea (1)
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Norwegian Sea
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Haltenbanken (4)
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Voring Basin (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Northern Greenland (1)
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Peary Land (1)
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South Greenland (2)
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Russian Arctic
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Franz Josef Land (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen
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Spitsbergen Island (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains (1)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (3)
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Kuwait (1)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (12)
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Saudi Arabia (4)
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United Arab Emirates
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Abu Dhabi (3)
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-
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Baikal rift zone (1)
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Brahmaputra River (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (3)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan
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Zhamanshin Crater (1)
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Chukchi Peninsula (1)
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Far East
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sabah Malaysia (1)
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (2)
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Burma (4)
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China
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Altun Mountains (1)
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Bohaiwan Basin (3)
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Da Hinggan Ling (1)
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Dabie Mountains (1)
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Dongpu Depression (2)
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Fujian China (2)
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Gansu China (2)
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Guangxi China (2)
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Guizhou China (9)
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Hebei China (2)
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Henan China (4)
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Huang He (1)
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Hubei China (2)
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Inner Mongolia China (4)
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Jiangxi China (1)
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Jilin China (3)
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Kunlun Mountains (1)
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Liaoning China
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Liaodong Peninsula (1)
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Longmenshan (1)
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Nanpanjiang Basin (1)
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North China Plain (1)
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North China Platform (6)
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Qaidam Basin (2)
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Qilian Mountains (2)
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Qinghai China (3)
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Qinling Mountains (2)
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Shaanxi China (1)
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Shandong China
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Dongying Depression (3)
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Shandong Peninsula (1)
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Shanxi China (1)
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Sichuan Basin (4)
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Sichuan China
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South China Block (4)
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Sulu Terrane (2)
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Tarim Platform (1)
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Xinjiang China
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Junggar Basin (2)
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Kuqa Depression (3)
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Tarim Basin (7)
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Xizang China
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Gangdese Belt (2)
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Lhasa Block (3)
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Lhasa China (2)
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Yangtze Platform (4)
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Yangtze River valley (2)
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Yangtze Three Gorges (4)
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Yunnan China
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Chengjiang China (1)
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Kunming China (2)
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Indochina (1)
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Indonesia
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Java (2)
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (2)
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Sumatra (4)
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Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Honshu
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Gifu Japan (1)
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Yamanashi Japan (1)
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Kyushu
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Nagasaki Japan
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Unzen (1)
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Sambagawa Belt (2)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Malay Peninsula
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West Malaysia
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Perak Malaysia
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Kinta Valley (1)
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-
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sabah Malaysia (1)
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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West Malaysia
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Perak Malaysia
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Kinta Valley (1)
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Mongolia (2)
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon (1)
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Taiwan
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Taiwanese Central Range (1)
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Thailand
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Lampang Thailand (1)
-
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Vietnam
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Dalat Vietnam (1)
-
-
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Ganges River (1)
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Gobi Desert (1)
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Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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High Himalayan Crystallines (1)
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Kumaun Himalayas (1)
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Lesser Himalayas (1)
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Mount Everest (1)
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Nanga Parbat (1)
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-
Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (2)
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Bangladesh (1)
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Bengal (2)
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Bhutan (1)
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Ganges Delta (1)
-
India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Anantapur India (1)
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Cuddapah Basin (1)
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Hyderabad India (1)
-
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Bihar India (20)
-
Chhattisgarh India
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Surguja India (2)
-
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Deccan Plateau (1)
-
Ghats
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Eastern Ghats (3)
-
-
Goa India (1)
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Gujarat India
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Kutch India (1)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India (2)
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Jharkhand India
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Ranchi India (1)
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Singhbhum India
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Mosaboni Mines (1)
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Karnataka India
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Mysore India (1)
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Kerala India (3)
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Khetri India (1)
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Madhya Pradesh India (3)
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Maharashtra India
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Bhandara India (1)
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Northeastern India
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Meghalaya India (1)
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Orissa India
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Keonjhar India (1)
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Koraput India (1)
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Mayurbhanj India (2)
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Rajasthan India
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Jhunjhunu India (1)
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Khetri copper belt (1)
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Pali India (1)
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Shillong Plateau (2)
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Sikkim India (1)
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Singhbhum shear zone (14)
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Tamil Nadu India (1)
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Uttarakhand India
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Garhwal India (1)
-
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West Bengal India
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Purulia India (2)
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-
-
Indian Shield (3)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir (1)
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Ladakh (1)
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Nanga Parbat (1)
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Nepal (6)
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Pakistan
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Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation (1)
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Karakoram (1)
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Koryak Range (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (4)
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-
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Lake Baikal (1)
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Magadan Russian Federation (1)
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Main Central Thrust (2)
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Mekong River (1)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (3)
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Iran
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Anarak Iran (1)
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Fars Iran (1)
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Lut Desert (1)
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (1)
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Israel
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Beer Sheva Israel (1)
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Mount Carmel (1)
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Negev (4)
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Jordan (1)
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Lebanon (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (5)
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East Anatolian Fault (1)
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Elbistan Turkey (1)
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Menderes Massif (1)
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North Anatolian Fault (2)
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Pontic Mountains (1)
-
Sea of Marmara region (1)
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Taurus Mountains (1)
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Turkish Aegean region (1)
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Zagros (2)
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Qiangtang Terrane (1)
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Rudny Altai (1)
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Russian Far East (2)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Sayan
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Eastern Sayan (1)
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Selenga River valley (1)
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Siberia (9)
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Siberian Platform (9)
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Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
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Siwalik Range (1)
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Southeast Asia (2)
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Sri Lanka (1)
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Tibetan Plateau (8)
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Tien Shan (3)
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Transbaikalia (1)
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Tunguska Syneclise (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (2)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Olenek River (1)
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Yudoma River (1)
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Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge (4)
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North Atlantic
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Amazon Fan (1)
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Baltimore Canyon (1)
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Bay of Fundy (3)
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North Sea
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Viking Graben (2)
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Northwest Atlantic (6)
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South Atlantic
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Atlantic region (2)
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Australasia
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Tanami Desert (3)
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Western Australia
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Yilgarn Craton (6)
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New Zealand
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Papua New Guinea (5)
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Avalon Zone (7)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Quebec
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Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Russian Federation (1)
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Koryak Range (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (4)
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Lake Baikal (1)
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Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
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Magadan Russian Federation (1)
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Moscow Syneclise (1)
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manganese ores (17)
-
molybdenum ores (13)
-
nickel ores (20)
-
niobium ores (1)
-
palladium ores (4)
-
platinum ores (16)
-
polymetallic ores (6)
-
rare earth deposits (2)
-
silver ores (19)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (2)
-
tungsten ores (6)
-
uranium ores (28)
-
vanadium ores (2)
-
zinc ores (24)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (110)
-
mineral exploration (101)
-
mineral resources (11)
-
oil and gas fields (47)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (2)
-
shale gas (7)
-
-
shale oil (5)
-
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
placers
-
beach placers (1)
-
stream placers (1)
-
-
potash (2)
-
refractory materials (2)
-
ruby (2)
-
tight sands (4)
-
vermiculite deposits (1)
-
water resources (7)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (79)
-
C-14 (22)
-
organic carbon (24)
-
-
chemical elements (1)
-
chemical ratios (14)
-
halogens
-
bromine
-
bromide ion (1)
-
-
chlorine
-
Cl-36 (6)
-
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (1)
-
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (11)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (220)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (10)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
Be-10 (22)
-
C-14 (22)
-
Cl-36 (6)
-
Cs-137 (2)
-
K-40 (1)
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (12)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-210 (4)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
-
Th-234 (1)
-
U-235 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (79)
-
D/H (11)
-
deuterium (1)
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (20)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (55)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (2)
-
O-17/O-16 (5)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (90)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (12)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (19)
-
S-36 (1)
-
Si-29 (2)
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (62)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (4)
-
Lu/Hf (9)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
neptunium (1)
-
protactinium
-
Pa-231 (1)
-
-
thorium
-
Th-234 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-235 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (2)
-
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium
-
K-40 (1)
-
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
sodium (4)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (22)
-
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (62)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (10)
-
Al-27 (1)
-
-
antimony (8)
-
arsenic (28)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
chromium (9)
-
cobalt (4)
-
copper (13)
-
gallium (1)
-
germanium (2)
-
gold (10)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (20)
-
-
indium (2)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (5)
-
ferrous iron (5)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (12)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-210 (4)
-
-
manganese (19)
-
mercury (4)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (10)
-
niobium (11)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
-
palladium (5)
-
palladium ores (4)
-
platinum (4)
-
platinum ores (16)
-
rhodium (1)
-
-
polonium (1)
-
precious metals (9)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (9)
-
europium (4)
-
lanthanum (9)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (55)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
-
-
scandium (3)
-
ytterbium (5)
-
yttrium (11)
-
-
rhenium (2)
-
silver (2)
-
tantalum (6)
-
technetium (1)
-
thallium (2)
-
tin (1)
-
titanium (11)
-
tungsten (3)
-
vanadium (6)
-
zinc (7)
-
zirconium (3)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
krypton (1)
-
neon (1)
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (2)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (2)
-
O-17/O-16 (5)
-
O-18 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (90)
-
-
phosphorus (7)
-
selenium (3)
-
silicon
-
Si-29 (2)
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (19)
-
S-36 (1)
-
-
tellurium (2)
-
trace metals (4)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria
-
Desulfovibrio (1)
-
-
borings (2)
-
burrows (13)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
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Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii
-
Neoselachii (1)
-
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Holostei (1)
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (2)
-
-
Lissamphibia
-
Caudata (2)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Mammalia
-
Multituberculata (1)
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Hippopotamidae
-
Hippopotamus (1)
-
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bos
-
Bos primigenius (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Condylarthra (2)
-
Lagomorpha
-
Leporidae (1)
-
-
Notoungulata (1)
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (2)
-
-
-
-
Primates (1)
-
Proboscidea
-
Mastodontoidea
-
Mammutidae
-
Mammut (1)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia (1)
-
Ungulata (1)
-
-
Metatheria
-
Marsupialia
-
Diprotodonta
-
Macropodidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines (1)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia (2)
-
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ankylosauria (1)
-
Ceratopsia
-
Ceratopsidae
-
Triceratops (1)
-
-
-
Ornithopoda (1)
-
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (1)
-
Theropoda
-
Carnosauria
-
Allosaurus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (2)
-
-
Ichthyosauria (2)
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata
-
Lacertilia
-
Mosasauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (3)
-
Dicynodontia
-
Lystrosaurus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cloudina (3)
-
coprolites (2)
-
Cyclostomata (1)
-
eukaryotes (6)
-
Graptolithina (3)
-
ichnofossils
-
Palaeophycus (1)
-
Planolites (1)
-
Rhizocorallium (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (2)
-
Arthropoda
-
Chelicerata (1)
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Bairdiomorpha
-
Bairdiacea
-
Bairdiidae
-
Bairdia (1)
-
-
-
-
Cytherocopina (1)
-
-
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
-
Diptera (2)
-
-
Exopterygota
-
Isoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Lichida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata (1)
-
-
Bryozoa (5)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Octocorallia (2)
-
Zoantharia
-
Tabulata (1)
-
-
-
Scyphozoa
-
Conulariida (1)
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Asteroidea (2)
-
Ophiuroidea (1)
-
Somasteroidea (1)
-
-
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (5)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Glycymeris (1)
-
Heterodonta
-
Rudistae (1)
-
-
Nuculanidae (1)
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (2)
-
Baculites (2)
-
Psiloceratida (1)
-
-
Coleoidea (1)
-
Nautiloidea
-
Nautilus (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda
-
Mesogastropoda
-
Cerithiidae (1)
-
-
Pulmonata (1)
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Calcarea (1)
-
Demospongea (2)
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
Stromatoporoidea (4)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (6)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea
-
Bolivinitidae
-
Bolivina (1)
-
-
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides
-
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (1)
-
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Amphistegina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (3)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (2)
-
Chaetognatha (2)
-
Nematoida (2)
-
Polychaeta (1)
-
Priapulida (2)
-
-
-
lichens (1)
-
Metazoa (8)
-
microfossils
-
Charophyta (1)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Conodonta
-
Hindeodus (2)
-
Icriodus (1)
-
Idiognathodus (4)
-
Neognathodus (4)
-
Polygnathus (1)
-
Streptognathodus (2)
-
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (6)
-
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (7)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (6)
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
-
Momipites (1)
-
pollen (13)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta
-
Charophyta (1)
-
Chlorophyceae
-
Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae (1)
-
diatoms (6)
-
nannofossils (3)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Archaeopteris (1)
-
Gleicheniaceae (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (3)
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Magnoliidae (1)
-
Myrtaceae
-
Eucalyptus (2)
-
-
Quercus (1)
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales
-
Picea (1)
-
Pinaceae
-
Pinus (2)
-
-
-
Ginkgoales
-
Ginkgo (1)
-
-
Glossopteridales
-
Glossopteris
-
Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
prokaryotes (1)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
tracks (4)
-
trails (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (18)
-
Ar/Ar (55)
-
exposure age (11)
-
fission-track dating (15)
-
He/He (2)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (2)
-
K/Ar (11)
-
Lu/Hf (9)
-
Nd/Nd (2)
-
optical mineralogy (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (10)
-
paleomagnetism (47)
-
Pb/Pb (6)
-
racemization (2)
-
radiation damage (3)
-
Rb/Sr (4)
-
Re/Os (5)
-
Sm/Nd (11)
-
Sr/Sr (3)
-
tephrochronology (3)
-
Th/U (4)
-
thermochronology (28)
-
thermoluminescence (2)
-
tree rings (6)
-
U/Pb (204)
-
U/Th/Pb (4)
-
uranium disequilibrium (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Agbada Formation (1)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
-
lower Cenozoic (2)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Neoglacial (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (2)
-
Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
Lake Lahontan (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Lake Iroquois (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (3)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (13)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikaree Group (2)
-
Asmari Formation (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
Florissant Lake Beds (3)
-
John Day Formation (2)
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Crater Flat Tuff (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Hemingfordian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (10)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (3)
-
Tiva Canyon Member (2)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (2)
-
Pliocene
-
Bowden Formation (1)
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (2)
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Dongying Formation (1)
-
Duchesne River Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Bridger Formation (2)
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (1)
-
Clarno Formation (1)
-
Dammam Formation (2)
-
Green River Formation (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Aquia Formation (1)
-
Wasatchian (1)
-
Willwood Formation (6)
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
Matilija Formation (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
Lutetian (2)
-
Tyee Formation (2)
-
-
Mirador Formation (1)
-
Uintan (2)
-
upper Eocene
-
Uinta Formation (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
Yamhill Formation (1)
-
-
Hanna Formation (5)
-
Kapuni Group (1)
-
lower Paleogene (5)
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (2)
-
Glendon Limestone (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
Suwannee Limestone (1)
-
upper Oligocene (6)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (8)
-
Puercan (3)
-
Torrejonian (1)
-
-
Nacimiento Formation (1)
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (7)
-
Wasatch Formation (2)
-
White River Group (1)
-
Wilcox Group (5)
-
-
Sarmiento Formation (3)
-
Shahejie Formation (2)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (9)
-
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Condrey Mountain Schist (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Bahariya Formation (2)
-
Comanchean
-
Glen Rose Formation (2)
-
Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
Trinity Group (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (2)
-
Graneros Shale (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
-
Barremian (2)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Cloverly Formation (1)
-
Glen Rose Formation (2)
-
Hauterivian (2)
-
Lakota Formation (1)
-
Mesa Rica Sandstone (1)
-
Mowry Shale (2)
-
Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
Trinity Group (1)
-
Urgonian (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
-
Middle Cretaceous (6)
-
Natih Formation (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Group (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blackhawk Formation (5)
-
Bridge Creek Limestone Member (1)
-
Campanian (10)
-
Cardium Formation (2)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian (6)
-
Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (4)
-
Frontier Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (2)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (2)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (2)
-
Hornbrook Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (2)
-
Kirtland Shale (1)
-
K-T boundary (8)
-
Ladd Formation (1)
-
Laramie Formation (2)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Middendorf Formation (1)
-
Moreno Formation (1)
-
Navesink Formation (2)
-
Niobrara Formation (6)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (1)
-
Pakawau Group (1)
-
Pierre Shale (2)
-
Rosario Formation (1)
-
Senonian (8)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (5)
-
Turonian (9)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
-
Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
Wall Creek Member (1)
-
Williams Fork Formation (1)
-
-
Yacoraite Formation (1)
-
Yezo Group (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (7)
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Great Valley Sequence (5)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Clarens Formation (4)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (3)
-
Fernie Formation (1)
-
Ferrar Group (2)
-
Kingak Shale (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (2)
-
lower Liassic (2)
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Nordegg Member (1)
-
Pliensbachian (5)
-
Portland Formation (1)
-
Sinemurian (2)
-
Talkeetna Formation (1)
-
Toarcian (3)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian (3)
-
Callovian (3)
-
Page Sandstone (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (2)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (2)
-
Bowser Lake Group (3)
-
Cotton Valley Group (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (3)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (4)
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (2)
-
Smackover Formation (1)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (4)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (2)
-
lower Mesozoic (6)
-
McHugh Complex (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (8)
-
Orocopia Schist (2)
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
Smithian (3)
-
Spathian (3)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (10)
-
Doig Formation (7)
-
Ladinian (7)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
-
Montney Formation (12)
-
Nicola Group (3)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (2)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Carnian (6)
-
Chinle Formation (8)
-
Dockum Group (1)
-
Keuper (1)
-
Norian (2)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Petrified Forest Member (1)
-
Rhaetian (2)
-
Shinarump Member (2)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
Stuhini Group (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
Xujiahe Formation (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 3 (1)
-
MIS 5 (2)
-
MIS 7 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (2)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Carrara Formation (1)
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Poleta Formation (2)
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (2)
-
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (4)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (1)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (3)
-
Reagan Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Hale Formation (1)
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (4)
-
-
Mabou Group (1)
-
Middle Carboniferous (5)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (5)
-
Boone Formation (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
Lake Valley Formation (1)
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
Keokuk Limestone (2)
-
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Golconda Formation (1)
-
Imo Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Meramecian (1)
-
Serpukhovian (6)
-
-
Windsor Group (2)
-
-
Namurian (2)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Hermosa Group (2)
-
Joggins Formation (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (2)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan (1)
-
Carbondale Formation (2)
-
Desmoinesian (5)
-
Moscovian (7)
-
Paradox Formation (6)
-
Tradewater Formation (1)
-
-
Minturn Formation (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Canyon Group (1)
-
Cisco Group (2)
-
Gzhelian (4)
-
Kasimovian (4)
-
Missourian
-
Lansing Group (2)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Douglas Group (1)
-
Lawrence Formation (1)
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
Wabaunsee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (7)
-
Wahoo Limestone (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (2)
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Guilmette Formation (2)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Elk Point Group (2)
-
Givetian (2)
-
Marcellus Shale (3)
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
Tully Limestone (1)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (2)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
-
Slave Point Formation (2)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Birdbear Formation (1)
-
Brallier Shale (1)
-
Duperow Formation (1)
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (3)
-
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Helderberg Group (4)
-
Honaker Trail Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (2)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (2)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Ely Springs Dolomite (1)
-
Eureka Quartzite (3)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
El Paso Group (1)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
Kindblade Formation (1)
-
Manx Group (1)
-
Prairie du Chien Group (1)
-
Shakopee Formation (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (2)
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Bromide Formation (3)
-
Chazy Group (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Llanvirnian (1)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (2)
-
Simpson Group (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (1)
-
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (1)
-
-
Fairview Formation (1)
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Katian (2)
-
Kope Formation (1)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (2)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Whitewater Formation (1)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Council Grove Group (1)
-
Cutler Formation (4)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Echooka Formation (1)
-
Gharif Formation (1)
-
Glorieta Sandstone (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Seven Rivers Formation (1)
-
Tansill Formation (2)
-
-
Irati Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Asselian (1)
-
Kungurian (4)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Clear Fork Group (2)
-
-
Wolfcampian (3)
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
McCloud Limestone (1)
-
Middle Permian (2)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
-
-
Yates Formation (2)
-
Yeso Formation (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Shoo Fly Complex (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Telychian (1)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (2)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
McKenzie Formation (1)
-
Rochester Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (1)
-
Pridoli (1)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
Tensleep Sandstone (4)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Admire Group (1)
-
Bakken Formation (9)
-
-
Woodford Shale (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (26)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
-
Iron Ore Group (5)
-
J-M Reef (2)
-
Mesoarchean (3)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
Sausar Series (1)
-
Singhbhum Granite (5)
-
-
Catoctin Formation (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Flinton Group (1)
-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Hadean (2)
-
Johnnie Formation (4)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (3)
-
Lewisian Complex (2)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (3)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (2)
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Keweenawan
-
Copper Harbor Conglomerate (1)
-
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Roper Group (3)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Group (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Dengying Formation (4)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (52)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Sturtian (2)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (6)
-
Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Dhanjori Group (7)
-
Marquette Range Supergroup (1)
-
Willyama Supergroup (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (4)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Wyman Formation (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (10)
-
hypabyssal rocks (4)
-
kamafugite (2)
-
kimberlite (14)
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (3)
-
diabase (6)
-
diorites
-
ferrodiorite (1)
-
plagiogranite (5)
-
quartz diorites (8)
-
tonalite (14)
-
trondhjemite (8)
-
-
gabbros
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (9)
-
troctolite (4)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (2)
-
aplite (3)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (5)
-
felsite (1)
-
I-type granites (3)
-
leucogranite (4)
-
monzogranite (4)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
S-type granites (3)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (32)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (2)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (2)
-
-
monzodiorite (5)
-
monzonites (8)
-
pegmatite (24)
-
quartz monzonite (5)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
-
syenodiorite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (7)
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (8)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (5)
-
spinel lherzolite (3)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
orthopyroxenite (2)
-
websterite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (6)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (13)
-
andesites
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
hawaiite (1)
-
mugearite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (8)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (17)
-
ocean-island basalts (4)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (3)
-
tholeiitic basalt (3)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (2)
-
dacites (6)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
keratophyre
-
quartz keratophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (4)
-
latite (2)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite
-
olivine nephelinite (2)
-
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (6)
-
green tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (13)
-
pumice (2)
-
rhyolite tuff (2)
-
tuff (17)
-
tuffite (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (18)
-
trachyandesites (4)
-
-
-
ophiolite (16)
-
volcanic ash (6)
-
wehrlite (5)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (17)
-
cataclasites (6)
-
eclogite (7)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
granulites (10)
-
hornfels (1)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia (3)
-
-
marbles (21)
-
metacarbonate rocks (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metabasite (4)
-
metadiabase (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (4)
-
serpentinite (4)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metaconglomerate (4)
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metalimestone (1)
-
metapelite (12)
-
metasandstone (6)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
-
greisen (1)
-
serpentinite (4)
-
skarn (19)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (13)
-
migmatites (6)
-
mylonites
-
ultramylonite (2)
-
-
phyllites (3)
-
quartzites (13)
-
schists
-
blueschist (2)
-
greenschist (2)
-
greenstone (4)
-
muscovite schist (2)
-
tourmalinite (1)
-
-
slates (4)
-
-
ophiolite (16)
-
turbidite (22)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite
-
Chassigny Meteorite (1)
-
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CM chondrites
-
Murchison Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
L chondrites (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
nitrides (1)
-
phosphides (1)
-
-
antimonates (2)
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenates
-
beudantite (3)
-
conichalcite (1)
-
mimetite (5)
-
pharmacosiderite (2)
-
scorodite (4)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (10)
-
cobaltite (2)
-
gersdorffite (3)
-
lollingite (3)
-
maucherite (1)
-
nickeline (2)
-
rammelsbergite (4)
-
safflorite (1)
-
skutterudite (4)
-
sperrylite (1)
-
-
arsenites (2)
-
bismuthides
-
michenerite (1)
-
-
borates
-
ludwigite (1)
-
sakhaite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
aragonite (3)
-
azurite (1)
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
calcite (41)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
cerussite (2)
-
dolomite (22)
-
hydrotalcite (1)
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kutnohorite (1)
-
magnesian calcite (1)
-
magnesite (1)
-
malachite (2)
-
parisite (1)
-
pyroaurite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (3)
-
sakhaite (1)
-
siderite (2)
-
sjogrenite (1)
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spurrite (2)
-
thaumasite (2)
-
-
chromates (2)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (2)
-
mimetite (5)
-
paratacamite (1)
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pyromorphite (2)
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vanadinite (2)
-
-
fluorides
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bastnaesite (3)
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fluorite (1)
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humite (2)
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neighborite (1)
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parisite (1)
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topaz (1)
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triplite (1)
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-
-
hydrates (3)
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iron minerals (1)
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manganese minerals (7)
-
minerals (24)
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native elements
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diamond (4)
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graphite (11)
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-
organic minerals (4)
-
oxalates
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whewellite (1)
-
-
oxides
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baddeleyite (2)
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bixbyite (2)
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brucite (2)
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cassiterite (2)
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chrome spinel (3)
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chromite (8)
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corundum (4)
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cryptomelane (3)
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ferrihydrite (3)
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franklinite (2)
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gahnite (1)
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germanates (1)
-
goethite (11)
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groutite (2)
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hausmannite (1)
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hematite (17)
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hollandite (1)
-
hydroxides
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iron hydroxides (2)
-
-
ilmenite (6)
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iron oxides (12)
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jacobsite (2)
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lepidocrocite (2)
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limonite (1)
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maghemite (5)
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magnetite (20)
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manganese oxides (1)
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manganite (1)
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martite (1)
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niobates
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aeschynite (1)
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betafite (2)
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fergusonite (1)
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loparite (1)
-
pyrochlore (4)
-
-
periclase (1)
-
perovskite (6)
-
portlandite (2)
-
psilomelane (1)
-
pyrolusite (4)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
rutile (9)
-
sapphire (3)
-
senarmontite (1)
-
spinel (8)
-
spinel group (7)
-
tantalates
-
betafite (2)
-
microlite (1)
-
tantalite (1)
-
-
thorianite (1)
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomaghemite (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
todorokite (1)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
uraninite (5)
-
wustite (1)
-
zincite (1)
-
zirconolite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
amblygonite (1)
-
apatite (50)
-
beraunite (1)
-
britholite (1)
-
brushite (1)
-
cacoxenite (2)
-
chlorapatite (2)
-
crandallite (2)
-
fluorapatite (8)
-
goyazite (1)
-
graftonite (2)
-
herderite (2)
-
hydroxylapatite (3)
-
merrillite (1)
-
monazite (11)
-
pyromorphite (2)
-
rockbridgeite (3)
-
sarcopside (1)
-
strengite (1)
-
triphylite (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
variscite (1)
-
vivianite (1)
-
wavellite (1)
-
whitlockite (1)
-
xenotime (3)
-
-
platinum minerals (4)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates
-
maskelynite (1)
-
-
asbestos (4)
-
borosilicates (3)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
sapphirine (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
cummingtonite (1)
-
edenite (1)
-
hornblende (4)
-
pargasite (5)
-
tremolite (3)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
-
jade (1)
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (2)
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (5)
-
jadeite (1)
-
omphacite (1)
-
pigeonite (1)
-
spodumene (2)
-
-
orthopyroxene (9)
-
-
pyroxmangite (1)
-
rhodonite group
-
rhodonite (1)
-
-
tobermorite (2)
-
wollastonite group
-
pectolite (1)
-
wollastonite (5)
-
-
xonotlite (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
danburite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
hyalophane (2)
-
K-feldspar (6)
-
microcline (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
hyalophane (2)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (6)
-
anorthite (3)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (2)
-
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
-
quartz (24)
-
-
sodalite group
-
genthelvite (3)
-
helvite (5)
-
sodalite (1)
-
tugtupite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (3)
-
chabazite (3)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
edingtonite (1)
-
erionite (3)
-
ferrierite (1)
-
garronite (1)
-
gmelinite (2)
-
heulandite (2)
-
laumontite (3)
-
mesolite (1)
-
mordenite (1)
-
natrolite (2)
-
offretite (1)
-
phillipsite (2)
-
pollucite (2)
-
roggianite (1)
-
scolecite (1)
-
thomsonite (2)
-
wairakite (2)
-
yugawaralite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
braunite (5)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
chloritoid (1)
-
datolite group
-
datolite (1)
-
gadolinite (2)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (2)
-
grossular (5)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hibschite (1)
-
hydrogrossular (2)
-
-
pyrope (3)
-
schorlomite (1)
-
spessartine (3)
-
uvarovite (2)
-
-
harkerite (1)
-
humite (2)
-
kyanite (5)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (4)
-
monticellite (1)
-
olivine (24)
-
ringwoodite (3)
-
wadsleyite (1)
-
-
phenakite group
-
willemite (3)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
spurrite (2)
-
staurolite (3)
-
thaumasite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (6)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (3)
-
zircon (188)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (2)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
perrierite (2)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (12)
-
epidote (11)
-
piemontite (1)
-
tanzanite (1)
-
zoisite (4)
-
-
hemimorphite (1)
-
lawsonite (1)
-
melilite group
-
gehlenite (4)
-
-
thalenite (1)
-
vesuvianite (3)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (7)
-
cordierite (1)
-
emerald (2)
-
milarite group
-
milarite (1)
-
-
scawtite (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (3)
-
elbaite (2)
-
foitite (1)
-
schorl (4)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
apophyllite (3)
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (12)
-
clinochlore (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (1)
-
beidellite (1)
-
kaolinite (11)
-
smectite (6)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
ekanite (1)
-
gyrolite (2)
-
hydrobiotite (1)
-
illite (11)
-
mica group
-
biotite (16)
-
glauconite (2)
-
lepidolite (2)
-
muscovite (8)
-
phengite (2)
-
phlogopite (5)
-
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
chrysotile (3)
-
cronstedtite (1)
-
lizardite (2)
-
serpentine (4)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (3)
-
anhydrite (6)
-
barite (9)
-
beudantite (3)
-
celestine (1)
-
ettringite (4)
-
glauberite (1)
-
gypsum (8)
-
halotrichite (1)
-
jarosite (3)
-
schwertmannite (2)
-
thaumasite (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
aikinite (1)
-
alloclasite (2)
-
arsenopyrite (10)
-
bismuthinite (1)
-
bornite (3)
-
chalcocite (2)
-
chalcopyrite (16)
-
cinnabar (3)
-
cobaltite (2)
-
copper sulfides (3)
-
covellite (3)
-
galena (9)
-
genthelvite (3)
-
gersdorffite (3)
-
greenockite (1)
-
greigite (1)
-
heazlewoodite (2)
-
helvite (5)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
kesterite (1)
-
mackinawite (1)
-
marcasite (4)
-
millerite (3)
-
molybdenite (3)
-
nickel sulfides (3)
-
oldhamite (1)
-
pentlandite (3)
-
pyrite (18)
-
pyrrhotite (8)
-
realgar (2)
-
sphalerite (13)
-
stibnite (1)
-
tochilinite (1)
-
valleriite (1)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
geocronite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
geocronite (1)
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
berryite (1)
-
matildite (1)
-
wittichenite (1)
-
-
sulfostannates
-
stannite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
wolframite (2)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
vanadates
-
descloizite (1)
-
vanadinite (2)
-
-
wehrlite (5)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (292)
-
academic institutions (1)
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Africa
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African Platform (1)
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Congo Craton (2)
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East Africa
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (1)
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Lake Magadi (1)
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Lake Natron (1)
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Tanzania (4)
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Uganda (1)
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Zambia (2)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Tanganyika (2)
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East African Rift (3)
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Gregory Rift (1)
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Kalahari Desert (5)
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Madagascar
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Antananarivo Madagascar (1)
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Mozambique Belt (2)
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North Africa
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Algeria (3)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
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Egypt
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Bahariya Oasis (1)
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Ghadames Basin (1)
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Libya (1)
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Morocco
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Bou Azzer (3)
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
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Rif (1)
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Tunisia (3)
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Nubia (1)
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Sahara (2)
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Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (1)
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Botswana (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (4)
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Kalahari Craton (2)
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Karoo Basin (10)
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Lesotho (2)
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Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
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Namibia
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Otavi Namibia (1)
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Tsumeb Namibia (2)
-
-
South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (4)
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Cape fold belt (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (3)
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Merensky Reef (1)
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Mpumalanga South Africa (2)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (3)
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Zimbabwe
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Belingwe greenstone belt (1)
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Great Dyke (2)
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Volta Basin (1)
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West Africa
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Benue Valley (1)
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Cameroon (1)
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Chad (1)
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Ghana (1)
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Nigeria
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Niger Delta (3)
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West African Shield (1)
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Antarctica
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Amundsen Sea (1)
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Antarctic ice sheet
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Antarctic Peninsula (2)
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East Antarctica (3)
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Larsemann Hills (1)
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Ross Ice Shelf
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South Shetland Islands
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Transantarctic Mountains (1)
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Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (2)
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Wilkes Land (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Laptev Sea (1)
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Norwegian Sea
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Haltenbanken (4)
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Voring Basin (1)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Northern Greenland (1)
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Russian Arctic
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Franz Josef Land (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen
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Spitsbergen Island (1)
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asbestos deposits (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains (1)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Kuwait (1)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (12)
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Saudi Arabia (4)
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United Arab Emirates
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Baikal rift zone (1)
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Brahmaputra River (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (3)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Far East
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (2)
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Burma (4)
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China
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Altun Mountains (1)
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Da Hinggan Ling (1)
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Longmenshan (1)
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Shanxi China (1)
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Xizang China
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Indochina (1)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra (4)
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Japan
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Kyushu
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Sambagawa Belt (2)
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Korea
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Malay Peninsula
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Malaysia
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Mongolia (2)
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Taiwan
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Thailand
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Vietnam
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Bihar India (20)
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Ghats
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Goa India (1)
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Karnataka India
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Northeastern India
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Orissa India
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Rajasthan India
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Shillong Plateau (2)
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Singhbhum shear zone (14)
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Tamil Nadu India (1)
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West Bengal India
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Indian Shield (3)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Nepal (6)
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Pakistan
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Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Lake Baikal (1)
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Selenga River valley (1)
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associations (1)
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asteroids (1)
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Gastropoda
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Pulmonata (1)
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Porifera
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Calcarea (1)
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Protista
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Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae
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Cibicidoides
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Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (1)
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Globigerinacea
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Orbitoidacea
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Radiolaria (3)
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Vermes
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C-13/C-12 (79)
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D/H (11)
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S-34/S-32 (19)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (62)
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West Mediterranean
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Mesozoic
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Condrey Mountain Schist (1)
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Cretaceous
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Alisitos Formation (1)
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Comanchean
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Trinity Group (1)
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Dakota Formation (2)
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Graneros Shale (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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upper Albian (1)
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Aptian
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lower Aptian (1)
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Barremian (2)
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Cloverly Formation (1)
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Hauterivian (2)
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Lakota Formation (1)
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Mesa Rica Sandstone (1)
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Mowry Shale (2)
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Mancos Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (6)
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Natih Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Blackhawk Formation (5)
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Bridge Creek Limestone Member (1)
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Campanian (10)
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Cardium Formation (2)
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Gulfian
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Austin Chalk (1)
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Hell Creek Formation (2)
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Hornbrook Formation (1)
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Judith River Formation (2)
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Kirtland Shale (1)
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K-T boundary (8)
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Ladd Formation (1)
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Lewis Shale (1)
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Maestrichtian
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Middendorf Formation (1)
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Moreno Formation (1)
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Niobrara Formation (6)
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Ojo Alamo Sandstone (1)
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Pakawau Group (1)
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Pierre Shale (2)
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Rosario Formation (1)
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Senonian (8)
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Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (5)
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Turonian (9)
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Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
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Two Medicine Formation (1)
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Wall Creek Member (1)
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Williams Fork Formation (1)
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Yacoraite Formation (1)
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Yezo Group (1)
-
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Franciscan Complex (7)
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Great Valley Sequence (5)
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Jurassic
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Aztec Sandstone (1)
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Carmel Formation (1)
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Clarens Formation (4)
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Coast Range Ophiolite (3)
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Fernie Formation (1)
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Kingak Shale (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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lower Liassic (2)
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middle Liassic (2)
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Nordegg Member (1)
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Pliensbachian (5)
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Portland Formation (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Page Sandstone (1)
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Norphlet Formation (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (2)
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Kimmeridgian (4)
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Morrison Formation (1)
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Oxfordian (2)
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Smackover Formation (1)
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Sundance Formation (1)
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Tithonian (4)
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Kayenta Formation (2)
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lower Mesozoic (6)
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McHugh Complex (1)
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Navajo Sandstone (8)
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Orocopia Schist (2)
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Serra Geral Formation (1)
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Triassic
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Charlie Lake Formation (1)
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
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Smithian (3)
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Middle Triassic
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Doig Formation (7)
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Ladinian (7)
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Moenkopi Formation (2)
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Montney Formation (12)
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Nicola Group (3)
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Sherwood Sandstone (2)
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Upper Triassic
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Baldonnel Formation (1)
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Carnian (6)
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Chinle Formation (8)
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Dockum Group (1)
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Keuper (1)
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Norian (2)
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Pardonet Formation (1)
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Petrified Forest Member (1)
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Rhaetian (2)
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Shinarump Member (2)
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Stormberg Series (1)
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Stuhini Group (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
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Xujiahe Formation (1)
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Yanchang Formation (1)
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upper Mesozoic (1)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Wingate Sandstone (1)
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metal ores
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (2)
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Li-7/Li-6 (1)
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potassium
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K-40 (1)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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sodium (4)
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alkaline earth metals
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Be-10 (22)
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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radium
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Ra-226 (1)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (62)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (10)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (20)
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indium (2)
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ferric iron (5)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (12)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (8)
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Pb-210 (4)
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manganese (19)
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nickel (10)
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niobium (11)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (2)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (55)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
-
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samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (11)
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ytterbium (5)
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yttrium (11)
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rhenium (2)
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 105
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ocean floors (24)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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upper Visean (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Upper Carboniferous (7)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Upper Devonian
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Brallier Shale (1)
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Famennian
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Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (3)
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Nisku Formation (1)
-
-
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Exshaw Formation (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Ashe Formation (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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New Albany Shale (1)
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Ordovician
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Shakopee Formation (1)
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Tremadocian (1)
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Martinsburg Formation (2)
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-
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Upper Ordovician
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Cincinnatian
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Sandbian (1)
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Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
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Permian
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Council Grove Group (1)
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Guadalupian
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-
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Irati Formation (1)
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Khuff Formation (1)
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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-
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Leonardian
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-
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Wolfcampian (3)
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Lyons Sandstone (1)
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Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
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Lopingian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (4)
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-
Yates Formation (2)
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Yeso Formation (1)
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Sauk Sequence (1)
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Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Tuscarora Formation (2)
-
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-
-
Middle Silurian
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Rochester Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
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Ludlow (1)
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-
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
Tensleep Sandstone (4)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Admire Group (1)
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Bakken Formation (9)
-
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Woodford Shale (2)
-
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palynology (1)
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paragenesis (49)
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Plantae
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Pteridophyta
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-
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-
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Ginkgoales
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-
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Glossopteridales
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Glossopteris flora (1)
-
-
-
Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (173)
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pollution (41)
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potash (2)
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Precambrian
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Animikie Group (1)
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Archean
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Iron Ore Group (5)
-
J-M Reef (2)
-
Mesoarchean (3)
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Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
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Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
Sausar Series (1)
-
Singhbhum Granite (5)
-
-
Catoctin Formation (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
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-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Hadean (2)
-
Johnnie Formation (4)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (3)
-
Lewisian Complex (2)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
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-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (2)
-
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-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Keweenawan
-
Copper Harbor Conglomerate (1)
-
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Roper Group (3)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Group (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Dengying Formation (4)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (52)
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Marinoan (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Dunn Point Formation
Intra-basaltic soil formation, sedimentary reworking and eodiagenetic K-enrichment in the Middle to Upper Ordovician Dunn Point Formation of eastern Canada: a rare window into early Palaeozoic surface and near-surface conditions Available to Purchase
Record of climatic fluctuations and high pH weathering conditions in a thick Ordovician palaeosol developed in rhyolite of the Dunn Point Formation, Arisaig, Nova Scotia, Canada Available to Purchase
The Dunn Point Formation volcanics and associated weathering profiles in Ar... Available to Purchase
Mineralogical and geochemical contents in the Dunn Point Formation paleosol... Available to Purchase
Geological evolution of middle to late Paleozoic rocks in the Avalon terrane of northern mainland Nova Scotia, Canadian Appalachians: A record of tectonothermal activity along the northern margin of the Rheic Ocean in the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen Available to Purchase
The Early Silurian–Early Devonian Arisaig Group, in the Avalon terrane of Nova Scotia, consists of a thick (∼1900 m) sequence of unmetamorphosed fossiliferous siliciclastic strata that unconformably overlies the 460 Ma bimodal Dunn Point Formation volcanic rocks and is unconformably overlain by basalts and red clastic rocks of the McArras Brook Formation. The Dunn Point volcanic rocks were deposited when Avalonia was a microcontinent, in a New Zealand–type arc setting ∼1800 km north of Gondwana and 1700–2000 km south of Laurentia. Geochemical, Sm-Nd, and U-Pb (detrital zircon) isotopic data of all Arisaig Group strata show fundamental differences from the underlying Avalonian rocks, indicating that they were not derived from Avalonian basement. These data are instead compatible with derivation from Baltica, implying that Avalonia had accreted to Baltica by the earliest Silurian and that the Arisaig Group is part of a clastic sequence that has overstepped Appalachian-Caledonide terrane boundaries. The lack of penetrative deformation and the approximately concordant nature of the contact between the Dunn Point Formation and the Arisaig Group suggest that this portion of Avalonia was located on the trailing edge of the Avalonia plate during the collision. Regional syntheses suggest that the basin was initiated by local transtension during oblique sinistral collision between Avalonia and Baltica. An overall trend toward increasingly negative ϵ Nd values in the clastic rocks toward the top of the Arisaig Group is thought to reflect increasing input from Laurentia by the time of deposition of the Early Devonian strata. The basin also preserves evidence of loading in the Late Silurian, which is thought to reflect the development of a foreland basin and the ongoing shortening across the orogen associated with the onset of the Acadian orogeny. The unconformity between the Arisaig Group and the overlying McArras Brook Formation is the local expression of the deformation associated with Acadian orogeny in the Antigonish Highlands. The orientation and style of Acadian deformation preserved in the Arisaig Group is compatible with dextral movement along major northeast-trending faults, consistent with evidence of regional dextral shear along the northern margin of the Rheic Ocean in the Middle Devonian. Late Devonian–early Carboniferous deposition of the predominantly continental clastic rocks of the Horton Group occurred around the Antigonish Highlands in a series of grabens and half-grabens, most notably represented by the St. Mary's basin, which originated by dextral shear along the boundary between the Meguma and Avalon terranes. Continued episodes of dextral shear in the late Carboniferous resulted in localized regions of transtension and basin development, and also in episodes of transpression, manifested by intense deformation, thrusting, and S-C fabric development. Taken together, Middle Devonian–late Carboniferous episodes of dextral shear reflect the local accommodation of oblique convergence and eventual collision between Gondwana and Laurussia.
Evolution of Subduction Dynamics beneath West Avalonia in Middle to Late Ordovician Times Open Access
Geological History Available to Purchase
The geological history of the Arisaig region begins with the poorly dated strata of the Browns Mountain Group. Based on fragmentary inarticulate brachiopods, the Browns Mountain has been tentatively dated as Lower Ordovician. The Browns Mountain beds were tightly folded and intruded by a variety of granitic rocks prior to Silurian time. At School Brook Cove, Cape George (Boucot and others, 1959) fossiliferous Middle or Upper Ordovician quartzites occur, which are also intruded by granitic rocks. Unfortunately, the relations of the fossiliferous rocks at School Brook Cove to the adjacent Browns Mountain Group are not established. BEARS BROOK VOLCANIC GROUP Dunn Point Formation The Bears Brook Volcanic Group was formed under predominantly terrestrial conditions, probably during the Upper Ordovician. Subaerial conditions are proved by the complete lateritic soil profiles and the welded tuffs, and it seems likely that the lavas and sediments were emplaced on a basement consisting of the Browns Mountain Group intruded by monzonite stocks. During Dunn Point Formation time, andesites were extruded and flowed southward from a hinterland to the north in a series of sheets and tongues to build up a tableland. The lateritic soil profiles developed on individual andesite flows give information on the time intervals between flows and on the climate of the period. Thickness of laterite profiles is a function of the time interval between flows, and the absence of a laterite on a flow indicates rapid extrusion of successive flows. The climatic factors indicated by the lateritic soils may be summarized as . . .