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Dol Formation

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Journal Article

Influence of grain size, water, and deformation on dolomite reaction rim formation Available to Purchase

Vanessa Helpa, Erik Rybacki, Luiz Fernando Grafuhla Morales, Georg Dresen
Published: 01 December 2016
American Mineralogist (2016) 101 (12): 2655–2665.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5580
... of magnesite controls migration of the reaction front. For polycrystalline starting materials, axial stress accelerated Mg-Cal growth rates but not Dol growth rates. Highly strained torsion samples showed Dol formation along grain boundaries in Mg-Cal as well as in the polycrystalline calcite reactant...
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View PDF for article title, Influence of grain size, water, and deformation on dolomite reaction rim <span class="search-highlight">formation</span>
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Journal Article

Dolomitization process of oolites in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin: Evidence from magnesium isotopes Available to Purchase

Pan Xia, Meng Ning, Anjiang Shen, Anping Hu, Feng Liang, Min She, Huaguo Wen
Published: 05 June 2025
Journal of the Geological Society (2025) jgs2025-053.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2025-053
...Pan Xia; Meng Ning; Anjiang Shen; Anping Hu; Feng Liang; Min She; Huaguo Wen Oolitic dolostones are widely distributed in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation (FXG Fm) in Northeastern (NE) Sichuan Basin, South China. Although multiple dolomitization processes have been proposed, including meteoric...
View PDF for article title, Dolomitization process of oolites in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan <span class="search-highlight">Formation</span>, Northeastern Sichuan Basin: Evidence from magnesium isotopes
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Journal Article

On the dolomite reservoirs formed by dissolution: Differential eogenetic versus hydrothermal in the lower Permian Sichuan Basin, southwestern China Available to Purchase

Di Xiao, Jian Cao, Bing Luo, Xiucheng Tan, Hong Liu, Benjian Zhang, Xun Yang, Ya Li
Journal: AAPG Bulletin
Published: 15 July 2020
AAPG Bulletin (2020) 104 (7): 1405–1438.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/02262018242
... similar rare-earth element patterns with large positive Eu anomalies (mean = 5.7). The Dol-2c types experienced metasomatism by marine-related fluids mixed with minor hydrothermal fluids. All these formation mechanisms reflect the influence of multistage diagenetic and hydrothermal fluids. The Dol-2a...
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View PDF for article title, On the dolomite reservoirs formed by dissolution: Differential eogenetic versus hydrothermal in the lower Permian Sichuan Basin, southwestern China
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Relationship between δCe and δPr for dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. The green outline shows the distribution area of δCe and δPr for Dol-2b and Dol-3 dolomites. The blue and red outlines show the distribution area of δCe and δPr for Dol-2c and Dol-2a dolomites, respectively. Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2c = tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-3 = coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomite.

Relationship between δCe and δPr for dolomites and limestones in the lower ... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 11. Relationship between δCe and δPr for dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. The green outline shows the distribution area of δCe and δPr for Dol-2b and Dol-3 dolomites. The blue and red outlines show the distribution area of δCe
Journal Article

Multi-episodic recrystallization and isotopic resetting of early-diagenetic dolomites in near-surface settings Available to Purchase

Brooks H. Ryan, Stephen E. Kaczmarek, John M. Rivers
Published: 12 March 2021
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2021) 91 (1): 146–166.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.056
... is reflective of the primary conditions of dolomitization. Given the observed Traina δ 18 O dol average of –0.86‰ VPDB, it would be expected that the δ 18 O of the formation fluid (δ 18 O w ) would be –3.8 to +0.7‰ VSMOW based on a wide range of natural temperatures (20–40°C) ( Horita 2014 ). However, seawater...
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View PDF for article title, Multi-episodic recrystallization and isotopic resetting of early-diagenetic dolomites in near-surface settings
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The Sr and Mn concentrations of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2c = tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-3 = coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomite.

The Sr and Mn concentrations of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permi... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 8. The Sr and Mn concentrations of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium
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Photographs of characteristic samples of the different lithofacies observed in the hydrothermal dolomite (Dol) reservoirs in the third member of the Maokou Formation. (A) Low-angle veins in matrix dolomite (MD). (B) Vertical- and low-angle veins of hydrothermal Dol in limestone (Lim). (C) High-angle veins in MD. (D) Mineralized vugs with Dol and calcite (Cal) in MD. (E) Pyrobitumen in a stylolite of MD. (F) Pyrobitumen and Cal filling vugs in limestone. Qtz = quartz.

Photographs of characteristic samples of the different lithofacies observed... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2024
Figure 3. Photographs of characteristic samples of the different lithofacies observed in the hydrothermal dolomite (Dol) reservoirs in the third member of the Maokou Formation. (A) Low-angle veins in matrix dolomite (MD). (B) Vertical- and low-angle veins of hydrothermal Dol in limestone (Lim
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Correlation between the three wells in the study area (well locations are shown in Figure 1B). The dotted black and horizontal line is the boundary between the first member of the Qixia Formation (Qi1) and the second member of the Qixia Formation (Qi2). The jagged black vertical line is the natural gamma-ray (GR) logging curve. The jagged red vertical line is the acoustic (AC) logging curve. The yellow and green triangles represent the sequence of a transgression–regression cycle. Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2c = tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-3 = coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomite; K2 = well Kuang 2; K3 = well Kuang 3; ST3 = well Shuangtan 3.

Correlation between the three wells in the study area (well locations are s... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 2. Correlation between the three wells in the study area (well locations are shown in Figure 1B ). The dotted black and horizontal line is the boundary between the first member of the Qixia Formation (Qi1) and the second member of the Qixia Formation (Qi2). The jagged black vertical line
Image
Petrological characteristics of the fine- to medium-crystalline dolomites (Dol-1) and associated wackestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) The Dol-1 and associated wackestone (green arrows indicate stylolites); polished core from 2407.03 m (7895.06 ft) in well Kuang 2 (K2). (B) The Dol-1 and associated wackestone; core from 2406.05 m (7891.84 ft) in well K2. (C) The Dol-1 with euhedral–subhedral grains (green arrows indicate stylolites); 2406.05 m (7891.84 ft) in well K2. (D) Scattered euhedral crystalline dolomite (Dol) floating in wackestone; 2408.01 m (7898.27 ft) in well K2. (E) The Dol-1 and wackestone (green arrow indicates stylolites); 2406.05 m (7891.84 ft) in well K2. (F) Cathodoluminescence image of the area shown in (E), with Dol-1 and wackestone displaying similarly dull luminescence. The dotted yellow outline is the boundary between Ls and Dol. Ls = limestone or wackestone.

Petrological characteristics of the fine- to medium-crystalline dolomites (... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 3. Petrological characteristics of the fine- to medium-crystalline dolomites (Dol-1) and associated wackestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) The Dol-1 and associated wackestone (green arrows indicate stylolites); polished core from 2407.03 m
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The Sr isotopic values of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. The blue rectangle shows the range of 87Sr/86Sr values of early Permian seawater (Veizer et al., 1999; Korte et al., 2006). Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2c = tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-3 = coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomite.

The Sr isotopic values of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qix... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 7. The Sr isotopic values of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. The blue rectangle shows the range of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of early Permian seawater ( Veizer et al., 1999 ; Korte et al., 2006 ). Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline
Image
The post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare-earth element + Y patterns of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) Limestone. (B) Fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite (Dol-1). (C) Euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores (Dol-2a). (D) Tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite (Dol-2c). (E) Porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite (Dol-2b) and coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomite (Dol-3). K2 = well Kuang 2; K3 = well Kuang 3; ST3 = well Shuangtan 3.

The post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare-earth element + Y ... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 9. The post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare-earth element + Y patterns of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) Limestone. (B) Fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite (Dol-1). (C) Euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline
Image
Porosity–permeability diagram and photomicrographs of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) Limestone. The dotted arrows show that the rock samples (dolomites and limestones) in the photomicrographs correspond to the data points in the porosity–permeability diagram. (B) Fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite (Dol-1). (C) Euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores (Dol-2a). (D) Porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite (Dol-2b). (E) Tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite (Dol-2c).

Porosity–permeability diagram and photomicrographs of dolomites and limesto... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 10. Porosity–permeability diagram and photomicrographs of dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) Limestone. The dotted arrows show that the rock samples (dolomites and limestones) in the photomicrographs correspond to the data points
Image
Petrological characteristics of porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites (Dol-2b) and coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomites (Dol-3) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) The Dol-2b types (yellow arrow indicates pinholes); 7458.31 m (24,463.26 ft) in well Shuangtan 3 (ST3). (B) Hydrothermal breccia (blue arrows) with interbreccia or fracture spaces filled with Dol-3 types; 7458.91 m (24,465.22 ft) in well ST3. (C) The Dol-2b type with intergranular pores (the original rock was possibly grainstone); red arrows indicate particle ghosts; 7462.00 m (24,475.36 ft) in well ST3. (D) The Dol-3 type cut by stylolites (yellow arrow); 7462.44 m (24,476.80 ft) in well ST3. (E–F) The Dol-2b type under plane-polarized light and as a cathodoluminescence image, respectively; 7462.10 m (24,475.67 ft) in well ST3. (G) The Dol-3 type under cross-polarized light (green arrow indicates typical undulatory extinction features); 7463.02 m (24,478.71 ft) in well ST3.

Petrological characteristics of porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 4. Petrological characteristics of porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites (Dol-2b) and coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomites (Dol-3) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) The Dol-2b types (yellow arrow indicates pinholes
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(A) Reworked clasts of early diagenetic dolomite Dol-1 (rwDol-1) at the base of a transgressive subtidal bed in the Calcare Metallifero Bergamasco (CMB) in northern Italy. (B) Stratiform mosaic breccia with clasts of replacive Dol-2 (rDol-2) cemented by sphalerite (Sp) and calcite Cal-2. (C,D) Mesoscopic features (C), and transmitted light photomicrograph of sample OC89 (D), showing rDol-2, sphalerite (Sp), and Cal-2 relationships in mineralized breccias. (E) Bivalve shells in the CMB, partially filled with Dol-2. (F) Dissolution cavity in the Breno Formation (dashed line) infilled by laminated sediments (lsed), resting on euhedral terminations of Cal-2 crystals. (G) Internal sediments in dissolution cavity in the Breno Formation (base delimited by dashed line). Lag of reworked Dol-2 clasts (rwDol-2) passes upward to finer-grained laminated sediments (lsed).

(A) Reworked clasts of early diagenetic dolomite Dol-1 (rwDol-1) at the bas... Available to Purchase

Published: 14 April 2022
. (C,D) Mesoscopic features (C), and transmitted light photomicrograph of sample OC89 (D), showing rDol-2, sphalerite (Sp), and Cal-2 relationships in mineralized breccias. (E) Bivalve shells in the CMB, partially filled with Dol-2. (F) Dissolution cavity in the Breno Formation (dashed line) infilled
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Model of reservoir formation in the lower Permian Qixia Formation dolomites, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) Model of reservoir formation at near surface sedimentary stage. The diagonal dotted line shows that the cartoon pattern below corresponds to the right part of the cartoon pattern. (B) Model of reservoir formation at shallow burial stage. The black arrow pointing from (A) to (B) represents the near surface sedimentary stage of (A) evolving to the shallow burial stage of (B). (C) Evolution of reservoir and diagenesis of different sedimentary subfacies. Blue, red, and black arrows represent the reservoir formation process from the wackestone of open-sea subfacies, grainstone of intraplatform shoal subfacies, and grainstone of barrier shoal subfacies, respectively. Blue and white graphics represent the pores and dolomite grains, respectively. Gray diamond shapes represent the cloudy crystal centers within dolomite grains. Solid red lines represent the stylolites. Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2c = tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite.

Model of reservoir formation in the lower Permian Qixia Formation dolomites... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 14. Model of reservoir formation in the lower Permian Qixia Formation dolomites, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) Model of reservoir formation at near surface sedimentary stage. The diagonal dotted line shows that the cartoon pattern below corresponds to the right part of the cartoon
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Petrological characteristics of euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites with pores (Dol-2a) and tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites (Dol-2c) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) The Dol-2c types cut by stylolites (green arrow), with small pores and microfractures; 2423.74 m (7949.87 ft) in well Kuang 2 (K2). (B, C) Spongy Dol-2a associated with Dol-2c; blue arrows indicate breccias and yellow arrows indicate residual vugs; 2426.97 m (7960.46 ft) in well K2. (D) Spongy Dol-2a type associated with Dol-2c; 2431.00 m (7973.68 ft) in well K2. (E, F) The Dol-2c type with the original fabric of a granular rock; red arrows indicate ghosts of intraclastic and bioclastic particles; 2413.94 m (7917.72 ft) in well K2. (G) Microscope image of Dol-2c, which is a moderately to coarsely crystalline, anhedral, mosaic, tight crystalline dolomite; 2428.15 m (7964.33 ft) in well K2. (H) Cathodoluminescence image of the area in (G) showing dull luminescence. (I) The Dol-2a type, which is a moderately to coarsely crystalline, euhedral, porous, crystalline dolomite with cloudy crystal centers and clear rims and intercrystalline pores; 2451.23 m (8,040.03 ft) in well K2. (J) Cathodoluminescence image of the area in (I), showing dull red luminescence, with crystalline cores being brighter than crystal rims.

Petrological characteristics of euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolo... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 5. Petrological characteristics of euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites with pores (Dol-2a) and tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomites (Dol-2c) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. (A) The Dol-2c types cut by stylolites
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Bitumen (Bit)- and carbonate-filled veins. (A–C) Lower Marcellus, core F, 5553.7 ft (1692.7 m), and (D) Utica Formation, core P, depth 8551.6 ft (2606.5 m). (A) Cross-polarized light photomosaic. Fracture is lines with dolomite (Dol) bearing small Bit inclusions. Later calcite (Cal) overlies Dol and fills fractures within large Bit deposit at fracture middle. (B) Cross-polarized light photomicrograph. The same mineral sequence is present, with early Dol bridging across fracture. (C) Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy map showing early Dol partially recrystallized to Cal. (D) A Cal–Bit vein with trace barite (Ba) in the vicinity of Bit.

Bitumen (Bit)- and carbonate-filled veins. (A–C) Lower Marcellus, core F, 5... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2017
Figure 15. Bitumen (Bit)- and carbonate-filled veins. (A–C) Lower Marcellus, core F, 5553.7 ft (1692.7 m), and (D) Utica Formation, core P, depth 8551.6 ft (2606.5 m). (A) Cross-polarized light photomosaic. Fracture is lines with dolomite (Dol) bearing small Bit inclusions. Later calcite (Cal
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A δ13C versus δ18O plot for dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. The blue rectangles with solid borders show the ranges of C and O isotopic values of calcites precipitated from early Permian seawater (Veizer et al., 1999). The blue rectangle with a dotted border denotes the range of O isotopic values of estimated coeval marine dolomite, which was calculated using the following fractionation equation: δ18Odolomite − δ18Ocalcite = +3‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite (VPDB) (Land, 1980; Budd, 1997). Dol-1 = fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2a = euhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite with pores; Dol-2b = porous subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-2c = tight subhedral–anhedral medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite; Dol-3 = coarse- to megacrystalline saddle dolomite.

A δ 13 C versus δ 18 O plot for dolomites and limestones in the lower Permi... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 July 2020
Figure 6. A δ 13 C versus δ 18 O plot for dolomites and limestones in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin. The blue rectangles with solid borders show the ranges of C and O isotopic values of calcites precipitated from early Permian seawater ( Veizer et al., 1999
Journal Article

The geochemistry of early diagenetic dolostones from a low-salinity Jurassic lagoon Available to Purchase

J. E. ANDREWS, P. J. HAMILTON, A. E. FALLICK
Published: 01 September 1987
Journal of the Geological Society (1987) 144 (5): 687–698.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.144.5.0687
... are imperfectly ordered and calcium-rich, and have escaped pervasive dissolution-reprecipitation processes during burial diagenesis. Geochemical studies show that the dolostones retain a significant early diagenetic memory. δ 18 O dol values =≈ 0%o are the heaviest reported from the Great Estuarine Group...
View PDF for article title, The geochemistry of early diagenetic dolostones from a low-salinity Jurassic lagoon
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Photomicrographs of carbonate cements in the fourth member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation interval. (A) Blocky, poikilotopic Ca cements, upper unit of the fourth member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Es4s), well Yan22-22 (Y22-22), 3350 m (10,989 ft); (B) Ca zoned and engulfed by ferroan calcite (Fc), Es4s, well Y22-22, 3350 m (10,989 ft); (C) dolomite (Dol) engulfed by ankerite (Ank), Es4s, well Y22-22, 3444 m (11,297 ft); (D) scanning electron microscope image of euhedral, rhombohedral Dol, lower unit of the fourth member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, FengShen1, 4322 m (14,176 ft); (E) backscatter electron image of a zoned Dol and Ank rhomb with increasing iron content toward the rim of the crystal, Es4s, Y22, 3239 m (10,624 ft); (F) feldspar dissolution pore (Fdp) filled with Fc, Es4s, Yong921, 2798 m (9176 ft). F = feldspar; Q = quartz.

Photomicrographs of carbonate cements in the fourth member of the Paleogene... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2016
by ferroan calcite (Fc), Es4s, well Y22-22, 3350 m (10,989 ft); (C) dolomite (Dol) engulfed by ankerite (Ank), Es4s, well Y22-22, 3444 m (11,297 ft); (D) scanning electron microscope image of euhedral, rhombohedral Dol, lower unit of the fourth member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, FengShen1, 4322 m