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Cumberland Bay Formation

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The trace fossil Chondrites from the Cumberland Bay Formation, South Georgia. Examples of this feeding burrow pattern were described by Gregory (1915, pl. 92, figs 2–6) as Camarocladia ?, a possible Early Palaeozoic sponge. However, Gregory stressed that the name was tentative and ‘only provisionally adopted for them for convenience of reference’ (Gregory 1915, p. 819). This photograph is courtesy of Dr Geoff Tanner.

The trace fossil Chondrites from the Cumberland Bay Formation, South Geor... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2013
Fig. 5. The trace fossil Chondrites from the Cumberland Bay Formation, South Georgia. Examples of this feeding burrow pattern were described by Gregory ( 1915 , pl. 92, figs 2–6) as Camarocladia ?, a possible Early Palaeozoic sponge. However, Gregory stressed that the name was tentative
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A fossil ammonite from the Cumberland Bay Formation, South Georgia. Because ammonites are definitively Mesozoic, Ferguson initially decided that such fossils must be goniatites, since he was convinced that the South Georgia strata were Early Palaeozoic in age; he believed that goniatites might extend as far back as the Cambrian. This photograph of a recently discovered example is courtesy of Dr Geoff Tanner.

A fossil ammonite from the Cumberland Bay Formation, South Georgia. Because... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2013
Fig. 7. A fossil ammonite from the Cumberland Bay Formation, South Georgia. Because ammonites are definitively Mesozoic, Ferguson initially decided that such fossils must be goniatites, since he was convinced that the South Georgia strata were Early Palaeozoic in age; he believed that goniatites
Journal Article

Sediment dispersal patterns in part of a deformed Mesozoic back-arc basin on South Georgia, South Atlantic Available to Purchase

D. I. M. Macdonald, P. W. G. Tanner
Published: 01 March 1983
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1983) 53 (1): 83–104.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/212F815C-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
...D. I. M. Macdonald; P. W. G. Tanner Abstract The Cumberland Bay Formation is a deformed Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous volcaniclastic turbidite formation several kilometers thick. It has been interpreted as the fill of a back-arc basin which was active on the southwest margin of Gondwana. Sole...
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Models for the deposition and simple shear deformation of a turbidite sequence in the South Georgia portion of the southern Andes back-arc basin Available to Purchase

P. W. G. Tanner, D. I. M. Macdonald
Published: 01 December 1982
Journal of the Geological Society (1982) 139 (6): 739–754.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.139.6.0739
...P. W. G. Tanner; D. I. M. Macdonald Abstract The Cumberland Bay Formation on South Georgia (South Atlantic) is an Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous andesitic turbidite sequence >8 km thick, derived from a contemporary volcanic are and deposited in part of the southern Andes back-arc basin. 4 main...
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Journal Article

Relationships between the Cumberland Bay and Sandebugten Formations, South Georgia, and some tectonic implications Available to Purchase

I. M. TURNBULL, D. CRAW
Published: 01 August 1988
Journal of the Geological Society (1988) 145 (4): 591–602.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.4.0591
...I. M. TURNBULL; D. CRAW Abstract The late Jurassic to early Cretaceous Cumberland Bay and Sandebugten formations of South Georgia have different detrital petrography, although some of their detrital components are common to both units. Cumberland Bay strata become progressively more deformed...
View PDF for article title, Relationships between the <span class="search-highlight">Cumberland</span> <span class="search-highlight">Bay</span> and Sandebugten <span class="search-highlight">Formations</span>, South Georgia, and some tectonic implications
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Journal Article

Discussion on relationships between the Cumberland Bay and Sandebugten Formations, South Georgia, and some tectonic implications Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 1989
Journal of the Geological Society (1989) 146 (3): 567–569.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.146.3.0567
... Abstract P. W. G. Tanner writes: In their review of the Cumberland Bay (CBF) and Sandebugten (SBF) formations on South Georgia, Turnbull & Craw (1988) draw many conclusions regarding the sedimentology, petrography, and metamorphism of the two sequences with which I am in agreement. However...
View PDF for article title, Discussion on relationships between the <span class="search-highlight">Cumberland</span> <span class="search-highlight">Bay</span> and Sandebugten <span class="search-highlight">Formations</span>, South Georgia, and some tectonic implications
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Journal Article

Tectonic Relations of South Georgia Island to the Southernmost Andes Available to Purchase

I.W.D DALZIEL, R. H. DOTT, JR., R. D. WINN, JR., R. L. BRUHN
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 July 1975
GSA Bulletin (1975) 86 (7): 1034–1040.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1034:TROSGI>2.0.CO;2
... and structural style to the Lower Cretaceous Yahgan Formation of the Beagle Channel area in southernmost South America. The Cumberland Bay rocks, which form most of South Georgia Island, were thrust northeastward over the Sandebugten sequence. The Cumberland Bay and Yahgan sequences contain Cretaceous fossils...
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Journal Article

Upper Mesozoic flysch of Tierra del Fuego and South Georgia Island: A sedimentologic approach to lithosphere plate restoration Available to Purchase

R. D. WINN, JR.
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 April 1978
GSA Bulletin (1978) 89 (4): 533–547.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<533:UMFOTD>2.0.CO;2
...R. D. WINN, JR. Abstract The South Georgia Island segment of the North Scoria Ridge is interpreted as having once been adjacent to Tierra del Fuego, South America. The upper Mesozoic graywackes, mudstones, and tuffs of South Georgia (Cumberland Bay and Sandebugten strata) and Tierra del Fuego...
View PDF for article title, Upper Mesozoic flysch of Tierra del Fuego and South Georgia Island: A sedimentologic approach to lithosphere plate restoration
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Journal Article

The origin and implications of clay minerals from Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars Open Access

Thomas F. Bristow, David L. Bish, David T. Vaniman, Richard V. Morris, David F. Blake, John P. Grotzinger, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Joy A. Crisp, Cherie N. Achilles, Doug W. Ming, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Penelope L. King, John C. Bridges, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, Dawn Y. Sumner, Steve J. Chipera, John Michael Moorokian, Allan H. Treiman, Shaunna M. Morrison, Robert T. Downs, Jack D. Farmer, David Des Marais, Philippe Sarrazin, Melissa M. Floyd, Michael A. Mischna, Amy C. McAdam
Published: 01 April 2015
American Mineralogist (2015) 100 (4): 824–836.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-5077CCBYNCND
... Bay (YKB), an embayment on the floor of Gale crater, approximately 500 m east of the Bradbury landing site. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and evolved gas analysis (EGA) data from the CheMin and SAM instruments show that two powdered mudstone samples (named John Klein and Cumberland) drilled from...
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View PDF for article title, The origin and implications of clay minerals from Yellowknife <span class="search-highlight">Bay</span>, Gale crater, Mars
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Journal Article

Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars Open Access

Shaunna M. Morrison, Robert T. Downs, David F. Blake, David T. Vaniman, Douglas W. Ming, Robert M. Hazen, Allan H. Treiman, Cherie N. Achilles, Albert S. Yen, Richard V. Morris, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Thomas F. Bristow, Steve J. Chipera, Philippe C. Sarrazin, Ralf Gellert, Kim V. Fendrich, John Michael Morookian, Jack D. Farmer, David J. Des Marais, Patricia I. Craig
Published: 01 June 2018
American Mineralogist (2018) 103 (6): 857–871.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6124
... materials include two wind-blown soils, Rocknest and Gobabeb, six mudstones in the Yellowknife Bay formation (John Klein and Cumberland) and the Murray formation (Confidence Hills, Mojave2, and Telegraph Peak), as well as five sandstones, Windjana and the samples of the unaltered Stimson formation (Big Sky...
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View PDF for article title, Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars
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 Geological setting. (a) Location details of the Joggins site in Canada. (b) Location details for the principal exposure through the Joggins Formation on the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. (c) Summary stratigraphic column showing the position of the Joggins Formation in the revised Lower Pennsylvanian Cumberland Group (Calder et al. 2004) and its relationship to the revised geological time scale (Gradstein et al. 2004).

Geological setting. ( a ) Location details of the Joggins site in Canada. (... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2005
Fig. 1.  Geological setting. ( a ) Location details of the Joggins site in Canada. ( b ) Location details for the principal exposure through the Joggins Formation on the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. ( c ) Summary stratigraphic column showing the position of the Joggins Formation in the revised
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 Geological setting. (a) Location of trackway site at Shepody Bay, eastern side of the Maringouin Peninsula, New Brunswick (45°47′48″N, 64°300′29″W), within the Grand Anse Formation (after Davies et al. 2005); (b) Lower Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the Cumberland Basin of Atlantic Canada (modified from Calder et al. 2005), showing the age of the Grande Anse Formation and its relationship to the Joggins Formation (Falcon-Lang et al. 2006).

Geological setting. ( a ) Location of trackway site at Shepody Bay, eastern... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2007
Fig. 1.  Geological setting. ( a ) Location of trackway site at Shepody Bay, eastern side of the Maringouin Peninsula, New Brunswick (45°47′48″N, 64°300′29″W), within the Grand Anse Formation (after Davies et al . 2005 ); ( b ) Lower Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the Cumberland Basin
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Pyroxene quadrilateral (Lindsley 1983) plotted with augite, pigeonite, and olivine chemical composition from CheMin. Error ellipses are at 1σ. The straight lines are joins between equilibrium pyroxene compositions, and include the equilibrium Fe-Mg partitioning between the various pyroxenes. Contours represent temperature of formation at 100 °C intervals. Olivine compositions are plotted below the enstatite-ferrosilite join at the appropriate Fe/Mg ratios. (a) Wind-blown soils, Rocknest, and Gobabeb. Augite is represented as triangles, pigeonite as squares, and olivine as hexagons. Red = Rocknest and dark red = Gobabeb. (b) Yellowknife Bay, John Klein, and Cumberland, as well as the Windjana sandstone. Augite is represented as triangles, pigeonite as squares, and olivine as hexagons. Orange = John Klein, dark orange = Cumberland, and black = Windjana. (c) Murray formation (Confidence Hills, Mojave2, and Telegraph Peak in shades of purple) and the Stimson formation (unaltered Big Sky and Okoruso in shades of green; altered Greenhorn and Lubango in shades of blue). Pigeonite is represented as squares and orthopyroxene as circles. Light purple = Confidence Hills, medium purple = Mojave2, dark purple = Telegraph Peak, light green = Big Sky, dark blue = Greenhorn, light blue = Lubango, and dark green = Okoruso.

Pyroxene quadrilateral ( Lindsley 1983 ) plotted with augite, pigeonite, an... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2018
. Red = Rocknest and dark red = Gobabeb. ( b ) Yellowknife Bay, John Klein, and Cumberland, as well as the Windjana sandstone. Augite is represented as triangles, pigeonite as squares, and olivine as hexagons. Orange = John Klein, dark orange = Cumberland, and black = Windjana. ( c ) Murray formation
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Generalized geology of the eastern Canadian Shield around Ungava Bay, modified after Wheeler et al. (1996). For simplicity, smaller formations were removed, and the Superior Province is represented by one colour only. The Lithoprobe seismic profiles are shown as black lines. The two frames indicate the limits of the regional potential-field maps (A) and of the detailed maps of Ungava Bay, Hudson Strait, and surrounding land (B). BD, Burwell Domain; CB, Cumberland Batholith; CSB, Cape Smith Belt; dPB, De Pas Batholith; LHG, Lake Harbour Group; LLC, Lac Lomier Complex; NA, Narsajuaq Arc; NQO, New Quebec Orogen; TD, Tasiuyak Domain; WCZ, western core zone.

Generalized geology of the eastern Canadian Shield around Ungava Bay, modif... Available to Purchase

Published: 29 May 2002
Fig. 1. Generalized geology of the eastern Canadian Shield around Ungava Bay, modified after Wheeler et al. ( 1996 ). For simplicity, smaller formations were removed, and the Superior Province is represented by one colour only. The Lithoprobe seismic profiles are shown as black lines. The two
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Regional geology of the western Churchill Province and environs. Abbreviations: Ag: Amer group, Amer fz: Amer fault zone, ATH: Athabasca formation, BLG: Baker Lake group, CBb: Committee Bay belt, CB: Cumberland batholith, CH: Central Hearne subdomain, GB: Great Bear arc, MRg: Mary River Group, Narsajuaq arc (NA), NWH: northwest Hearne subdomain, Pg: Piling Group, STZ: Snowbird tectonic zone, TH: Thelon formation, WB: Wathaman batholith, Wg: Woodburn group. Blue boxes show the location of the Committee Bay belt (Fig. 2). Locations referred to in text, mostly with reported ca. 2.4–2.3 Ga ages (violet squares and polygons), include: Angikuni Lake (Al), Boothia Peninsula (B), Beaverlodge area (Bl), East-Athabasca mylonite zone (E), Kramanituar complex (K), a region south of the MacDonald fault (M), southern (QM) and northern (Q) Queen Maud block, southern (Ts) and northern (Tn) Taltson basement complex, Thelon tectonic zone (Th), Western granulite domain (W), and two ca. 2.32 Ga samples from the Buffalo Head terrane. Note that ca. 1.87–1.85 Ga and 1.85–1.81 Ga granitic rocks are unsubdivided east of Hudson Bay. Hudson “proto-continent” (Roksandic et al. 1987) is outlined in Hudson Bay. Numbered faults (#1 and #2) show approximate positions of early (ca. 1.88–1.86 Ga) Trans-Hudson, northern sutures discussed in text.

Regional geology of the western Churchill Province and environs. Abbreviati... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2005
F ig . 1. Regional geology of the western Churchill Province and environs. Abbreviations: Ag: Amer group, Amer fz: Amer fault zone, ATH: Athabasca formation, BLG: Baker Lake group, CBb: Committee Bay belt, CB: Cumberland batholith, CH: Central Hearne subdomain, GB: Great Bear arc, MRg: Mary
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Paleosols of the Sheepbed member, Yellowknife formation, Gale Crater, Mars. A: Analytical stations and their stratigraphic order (McLennan et al., 2014): 1—Cumberland Brush, 2—Mavor, 3—Persillon, 4—Brock Inlier, 5—Nastapoka, 6—Drill RP, 7—Drillhole R4, 8—McGrath R3, 9—Wernecke Brush, 10—Divot 2, 11—Sayunei C, 12—Bonnet Plume, 13—Hudson Bay, 14—Hay Creek, 15—Ekwir 1 Brush, 16—Grit (1–16 are Sheepbed member), 17—Ungava (in overlying Gillespie member), 18—Rocknest (Glenelg member in distance). Note prominent rock rib (“snake”) of basaltic sand. B: Interpreted soil horizons. Lenticular regions of low nodule density in horizon By are considered parent material irregularities.

Paleosols of the Sheepbed member, Yellowknife formation, Gale Crater, Mars.... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2014
Figure 2. Paleosols of the Sheepbed member, Yellowknife formation, Gale Crater, Mars. A: Analytical stations and their stratigraphic order ( McLennan et al., 2014 ): 1—Cumberland Brush, 2—Mavor, 3—Persillon, 4—Brock Inlier, 5—Nastapoka, 6—Drill RP, 7—Drillhole R4, 8—McGrath R3, 9—Wernecke Brush
Journal Article

Cenozoic tectonic history of the South Georgia microcontinent and potential as a barrier to Pacific-Atlantic through flow Open Access

Andrew Carter, Mike Curtis, James Schwanethal
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 April 2014
Geology (2014) 42 (4): 299–302.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G35091.1
... location of this microcontinental block and its role during the opening of the Drake Passage. The majority of the rock exposure is formed by two laterally equivalent turbidite sequences deposited by deep-sea fans in an Early Cretaceous backarc basin. The 8-km-thick Cumberland Bay Formation, which crops out...
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Postglacial sea-level lowstand on Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Nunavut Available to Purchase

B. Cowan, J. Carter, D.L. Forbes, T. Bell
Published: 27 September 2021
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2022) 59 (11): 772–784.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0026
... curves for southwestern Cumberland Peninsula and the submerged delta in Padle Fiord. Modified after Dyke (1979) , with newly calibrated radiocarbon ages for marine limits ( Table 2 ). See Fig. 1B for locations of sites: A, Clearwater Fiord; B, Middle Clearwater Fiord; C, Shilmilik Bay; D, Kangerk...
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Simplified geological map of the Canadian Shield (modified from Corrigan et al. [2009]; subsurface units in the western part of the shield after Ross et al. [1991], and distribution of Hoare Bay Group on Baffin Island after Sanborn-Barrie and Young [2013] and Sanborn-Barrie et al. [2013]) and western Greenland (modified from Escher and Pulvertaft [1995]). Areas investigated and sampled in this study are denoted by the black box (see Fig. 2) and the star (LB—Longstaff Bluff formation sample LB-05). The map also shows the location of Paleoproterozoic cover sequences on the Rae craton, including the Piling (P), Penrhyn (PN), Chantrey (C), Montresor (M), Amer (A), Ketyet River (KR), Thluicho Lake (TL), and Hoare Bay (HB) groups in northern Canada and the Karrat (K) and Anap nunâ (An) groups in western Greenland. Greenland is shown in a pre-drift position with respect to Baffin Island and mainland Canada, following the reconstruction of Roest and Srivastava (1989). Other abbreviations: CI—Chesterfield Inlet segment; CS—Cumberland Sound; LH—Lake Harbour Group; QMB—Queen Maud block; SL—Snowbird Lake segment; STZ—Snowbird tectonic zone; TTMZ—Taltson-Thelon magmatic zone. Inset map shows location of study area in North America.

Simplified geological map of the Canadian Shield (modified from Corrigan e... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2014
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the Canadian Shield (modified from Corrigan et al. [2009] ; subsurface units in the western part of the shield after Ross et al. [1991] , and distribution of Hoare Bay Group on Baffin Island after Sanborn-Barrie and Young [2013] and Sanborn-Barrie et al
Journal Article

Discovery of organic-rich black shale xenolith from kimberlite on the Hall Peninsula, Nunavut and its implication for petroleum potential in Cumberland Sound Available to Purchase

Shunxin Zhang, Robert A. Creaser, Jennifer Pell
Published: 01 September 2014
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (2014) 62 (3): 125–131.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.62.3.125
... kerogen. Figure 3 Modified van Krevelen diagram showing the relationship between HI and OI for the samples from Upper Ordovician Amadjuak Formation on southern Baffin Island (modified from Zhang, 2012 ), from Cretaceous short cores in Cumberland Sound (modified from Zhang, 2013a ), and from...
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