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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
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Morocco (1)
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Namibia (1)
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Altiplano (2)
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Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula (1)
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Far East
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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China
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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Vietnam (1)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (1)
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Iraq (2)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (1)
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Zagros (2)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Mexico (1)
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-
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Australasia
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Australia
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Lachlan fold belt (1)
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-
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Bear Lake (1)
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Bear River basin (3)
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Bear River Range (2)
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Black Hills (2)
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Black Mountains (5)
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Blue Mountains (4)
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Cache Valley (2)
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Canada
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Nunavut
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Athabasca Oil Sands (1)
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British Columbia
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Vancouver Island (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Manitoba (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Yukon Territory (2)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies (1)
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Cascade Range (7)
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Cascadia subduction zone (1)
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Chama Basin (1)
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Coast Ranges (5)
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Colorado River (25)
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Colorado River basin (6)
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Columbia River (3)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Cook Inlet (1)
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Death Valley (24)
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Espanola Basin (1)
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Europe
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Caucasus (1)
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Saxony Germany
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Leipzig Germany (1)
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Pyrenees
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French Pyrenees (1)
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Aragon Spain
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Saragossa Spain (1)
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Ebro River (1)
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-
-
-
Western Europe
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France
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Central Massif (1)
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French Pyrenees (1)
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Paris Basin (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
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Scotland
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Argyllshire Scotland
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Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
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Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
Fraser River (1)
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Front Range (2)
-
Furnace Creek (1)
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Grand Canyon (14)
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Granite Mountains (2)
-
Green River (3)
-
Green River basin (5)
-
Guadalupe Mountains (1)
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Illinois River (2)
-
Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (1)
-
-
Lake Mead (6)
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Long Valley (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Mexico (3)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
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Colorado River delta (1)
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La Popa Basin (1)
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Nuevo Leon Mexico (1)
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Oaxaca Mexico (1)
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (1)
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Sonora Mexico (2)
-
-
Mount Baker (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians (2)
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (23)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (1)
-
-
Cerro Prieto Fault (1)
-
Great Plains (4)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Keweenawan Rift (1)
-
Mississippi River basin (3)
-
Missouri River basin (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Ogilvie Mountains (1)
-
Omineca Belt (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (2)
-
Bighorn Mountains (2)
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
Bridger Range (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Laramie Mountains (2)
-
Little Belt Mountains (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (2)
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
Uinta Mountains (7)
-
Wasatch Range (14)
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
Transcontinental Arch (2)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (3)
-
-
Williston Basin (3)
-
Yukon River (1)
-
-
Owens Valley (6)
-
Pacific Coast (2)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (4)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Aleutian Trench (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (4)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
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-
-
-
Peace River (1)
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Peninsular Ranges (1)
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Permian Basin (1)
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Puna (2)
-
Quesnellia Terrane (1)
-
Ruby Mountains (1)
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Ruby Range (1)
-
Sacramento Mountains (1)
-
Sacramento River (1)
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Sacramento Valley (2)
-
Salmon River (1)
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Salt Creek (1)
-
San Andreas Fault (13)
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San Bernardino Mountains (2)
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San Juan Basin (1)
-
Santa Catalina Island (2)
-
Santa Catalina Mountains (2)
-
Searles Lake (2)
-
Sierra Blanca (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (9)
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Snake River (4)
-
Snake River canyon (1)
-
South America
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Andes
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Central Andes (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil (1)
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
-
Orinoco River basin (1)
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
Precordillera (1)
-
-
Spring Mountains (3)
-
Twin Lakes (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (2)
-
Alaska
-
Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Chugach Mountains (2)
-
Fairbanks Alaska (1)
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
Matanuska Valley (1)
-
Talkeetna Mountains (1)
-
-
Anadarko Basin (3)
-
Arizona
-
Cochise County Arizona (2)
-
Coconino County Arizona (5)
-
La Paz County Arizona (4)
-
Maricopa County Arizona
-
Phoenix Arizona (1)
-
-
Mohave County Arizona (9)
-
Pima County Arizona (3)
-
Pinal County Arizona (2)
-
Rincon Mountains (2)
-
Santa Cruz County Arizona (1)
-
Yavapai County Arizona (1)
-
Yuma County Arizona (2)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Crittenden County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Arkoma Basin (1)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
Bighorn Basin (5)
-
Book Cliffs (3)
-
California
-
Banning Fault (1)
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Caliente Range (1)
-
Central California (4)
-
Channel Islands (3)
-
Coachella Valley (3)
-
Colusa County California (2)
-
Cuyama Basin (1)
-
Glenn County California (3)
-
Imperial County California
-
Brawley Fault (1)
-
-
Inyo County California
-
Funeral Mountains (2)
-
Inyo Mountains (6)
-
Owens Lake (3)
-
Panamint Range (3)
-
-
Kern County California (1)
-
Lake County California (1)
-
Los Angeles County California (2)
-
Mendocino County California (3)
-
Mono County California
-
Mono Lake (1)
-
-
Nevada County California (1)
-
Nopah Range (1)
-
Northern California (5)
-
Rattlesnake Creek Terrane (1)
-
Riverside County California (6)
-
Salton Sea (1)
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
San Bernardino County California
-
San Bernardino California (1)
-
San Gorgonio Pass (1)
-
Trona California (1)
-
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
San Emigdio Mountains (1)
-
San Francisco Bay
-
San Pablo Bay (1)
-
-
San Gabriel Fault (1)
-
San Jacinto Mountains (1)
-
San Joaquin Valley (2)
-
Santa Ana Mountains (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Santa Barbara California (1)
-
-
Santa Monica Mountains (1)
-
Shasta County California (1)
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (2)
-
Siskiyou County California (2)
-
Sonoma County California (1)
-
Southern California (23)
-
Tehama County California (4)
-
Transverse Ranges (5)
-
Trinity County California (1)
-
Tuolumne County California (1)
-
Yolla Bolly Terrane (1)
-
Yolo County California (1)
-
-
Chesapeake Bay (2)
-
Colorado
-
Adams County Colorado (1)
-
Arapahoe County Colorado (1)
-
Chaffee County Colorado (1)
-
Custer County Colorado (1)
-
Delta County Colorado (1)
-
Douglas County Colorado (1)
-
El Paso County Colorado (1)
-
Elbert County Colorado (2)
-
Fremont County Colorado
-
Canon City Colorado (1)
-
-
Jefferson County Colorado (1)
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
Teller County Colorado (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (18)
-
Columbia Plateau (1)
-
Death Valley National Park (1)
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Denver Basin (3)
-
District of Columbia (1)
-
Eastern California shear zone (7)
-
Eastern U.S. (6)
-
Four Corners (1)
-
Great Basin (23)
-
Hardeman Basin (1)
-
Hurricane Fault (2)
-
Idaho
-
Bannock County Idaho (2)
-
Bannock Range (6)
-
Bear Lake County Idaho (1)
-
Franklin County Idaho (2)
-
Idaho County Idaho (1)
-
Oneida County Idaho (2)
-
Snake River plain (2)
-
Valley County Idaho (1)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (2)
-
Illinois
-
Sangamon River (1)
-
White County Illinois (1)
-
-
Illinois Basin (1)
-
Indiana
-
Posey County Indiana (1)
-
-
Iowa (2)
-
Kansas
-
Clark County Kansas (1)
-
Comanche County Kansas (1)
-
Kingman County Kansas (1)
-
Marion County Kansas (1)
-
Pratt County Kansas (1)
-
-
Kentucky (10)
-
Klamath Mountains (4)
-
Little Missouri River basin (1)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Maryland (1)
-
Midcontinent (4)
-
Midwest (4)
-
Minnesota
-
Minnesota River valley (1)
-
Scott County Minnesota (1)
-
Wilkin County Minnesota (1)
-
-
Mississippi (4)
-
Mississippi Embayment (8)
-
Mississippi Valley
-
Upper Mississippi Valley (2)
-
-
Missouri
-
Mississippi County Missouri (1)
-
New Madrid County Missouri
-
New Madrid Missouri (2)
-
-
-
Missouri River (1)
-
Mojave Desert (13)
-
Montana
-
Bridger Range (1)
-
Cascade County Montana (1)
-
Gallatin County Montana (2)
-
Garfield County Montana (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Jefferson County Montana (1)
-
Lewis and Clark County Montana
-
Helena Montana (1)
-
-
Liberty County Montana (1)
-
Little Belt Mountains (1)
-
Powder River County Montana (2)
-
Powell County Montana (1)
-
Sanders County Montana (1)
-
-
Nebraska
-
Dawes County Nebraska (1)
-
Garden County Nebraska (1)
-
Keith County Nebraska (1)
-
Sheridan County Nebraska (1)
-
Sioux County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Arrow Canyon Range (1)
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Clark County Nevada
-
Las Vegas Nevada (1)
-
-
Egan Range (1)
-
Elko County Nevada
-
East Humboldt Range (1)
-
Pequop Mountains (1)
-
-
Esmeralda County Nevada
-
Silver Peak Mountains (1)
-
-
Humboldt County Nevada
-
Osgood Mountains (1)
-
-
Lincoln County Nevada (3)
-
Mineral County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
Washoe County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada
-
Ely Nevada (2)
-
-
-
New Madrid region (31)
-
New Mexico
-
Bernalillo County New Mexico (1)
-
Colfax County New Mexico (1)
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
-
Eddy County New Mexico
-
Carlsbad Caverns (1)
-
Lechuguilla Cave (1)
-
-
Lincoln County New Mexico (1)
-
Luna County New Mexico
-
Florida Mountains (1)
-
-
Otero County New Mexico (1)
-
Rio Arriba County New Mexico (2)
-
San Miguel County New Mexico (1)
-
Sandoval County New Mexico (1)
-
Santa Fe County New Mexico (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Mine (1)
-
-
Torrance County New Mexico (1)
-
Union County New Mexico (1)
-
Valencia County New Mexico (1)
-
-
New York (1)
-
North Dakota
-
Cass County North Dakota (1)
-
McKenzie County North Dakota (1)
-
Richland County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Ohio River (1)
-
Oklahoma
-
Arbuckle Mountains (1)
-
Cimarron County Oklahoma (1)
-
Oklahoma Panhandle (2)
-
Woods County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Deschutes County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon (1)
-
Jackson County Oregon (1)
-
Jefferson County Oregon (1)
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
Lake County Oregon (1)
-
Lane County Oregon (2)
-
Malheur County Oregon (1)
-
Marion County Oregon (1)
-
Willamette River (2)
-
Yamhill County Oregon (1)
-
-
Palo Duro Basin (1)
-
Paradox Basin (1)
-
Pennsylvania
-
Erie County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Powder River basin (1)
-
Reelfoot Rift (12)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (9)
-
South Dakota
-
Grant County South Dakota (1)
-
Minnehaha County South Dakota (1)
-
Roberts County South Dakota (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (15)
-
Tennessee
-
Dyer County Tennessee (2)
-
Lake County Tennessee (1)
-
Lauderdale County Tennessee (1)
-
Madison County Tennessee (1)
-
Reelfoot Lake (1)
-
Tipton County Tennessee (1)
-
-
Texas
-
Bastrop County Texas (1)
-
Brewster County Texas
-
Big Bend National Park (1)
-
-
El Paso County Texas (1)
-
Hudspeth County Texas
-
Quitman Mountains (1)
-
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
McLennan County Texas (1)
-
Texas Panhandle (2)
-
West Texas (3)
-
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range (2)
-
Bighorn Mountains (2)
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
Bridger Range (1)
-
Gravelly Range (1)
-
Laramie Mountains (2)
-
Little Belt Mountains (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (2)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (2)
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
Uinta Mountains (7)
-
Wasatch Range (14)
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
Uinta Basin (6)
-
Uncompahgre Uplift (2)
-
Utah
-
Beaver County Utah (2)
-
Bingham mining district (1)
-
Box Elder County Utah (2)
-
Cache County Utah (3)
-
Canyonlands National Park (1)
-
Carbon County Utah (1)
-
Daggett County Utah (1)
-
Davis County Utah (1)
-
Duchesne County Utah (1)
-
Emery County Utah (3)
-
Garfield County Utah (2)
-
Grand County Utah (2)
-
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (2)
-
Great Salt Lake (5)
-
Iron County Utah (1)
-
Juab County Utah (2)
-
Kaiparowits Plateau (1)
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Millard County Utah (3)
-
Morgan County Utah (1)
-
Oquirrh Mountains (3)
-
Rich County Utah (2)
-
Salt Lake County Utah
-
Salt Lake City Utah (6)
-
-
Sevier County Utah (1)
-
Sevier Desert (1)
-
Summit County Utah (1)
-
Tooele County Utah (3)
-
Uintah County Utah (1)
-
Utah County Utah
-
Provo Utah (1)
-
-
Wasatch Plateau (3)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
Weber County Utah (2)
-
-
Virginia (2)
-
Wabash Valley (3)
-
Walker Lane (6)
-
Wasatch fault zone (13)
-
Wasatch Front (3)
-
Washakie Basin (1)
-
Washington
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
Puget Lowland (1)
-
Snohomish County Washington (1)
-
Stevens County Washington (1)
-
Whatcom County Washington (1)
-
Yakima County Washington (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
-
Western U.S. (16)
-
Wisconsin (2)
-
Wyoming
-
Big Horn County Wyoming (1)
-
Carbon County Wyoming
-
Seminoe Mountains (1)
-
-
Fremont County Wyoming (1)
-
Lincoln County Wyoming (1)
-
Natrona County Wyoming (1)
-
Sublette County Wyoming (1)
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (2)
-
Teton County Wyoming
-
Jackson Hole (1)
-
-
Wind River Range (1)
-
-
Wyoming Province (3)
-
Yavapai Province (4)
-
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USSR (1)
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White Mountain (1)
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White Mountains (4)
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Wind River basin (1)
-
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commodities
-
coal deposits (1)
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construction materials
-
building stone (1)
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corundum deposits (1)
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energy sources (3)
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fluorspar deposits (1)
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gems (1)
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geothermal energy (1)
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metal ores
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copper ores (6)
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gold ores (8)
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lead ores (3)
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lead-zinc deposits (2)
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manganese ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (5)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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silver ores (5)
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titanium ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (12)
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mineral exploration (5)
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oil and gas fields (11)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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placers (2)
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ruby (1)
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talc deposits (1)
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water resources (2)
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elements, isotopes
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boron (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (20)
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C-14 (18)
-
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chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
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chlorine
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Cl-36 (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (46)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (2)
-
Be-10 (6)
-
C-14 (18)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Tc-99 (1)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (20)
-
D/H (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
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O-18/O-16 (24)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
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Lu/Hf (6)
-
metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-230 (1)
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uranium (2)
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (6)
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (2)
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copper (1)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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manganese (2)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
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-
yttrium (1)
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technetium
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Tc-99 (1)
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-
-
nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
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helium
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He-3 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (24)
-
-
sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (7)
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trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
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borings (1)
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burrows (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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-
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Tetrapoda
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Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bovidae
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Bison (1)
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Cervus (1)
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-
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Taeniodonta (1)
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-
-
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
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eukaryotes (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata
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Merostomata
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-
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Branchiopoda (1)
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cyprideis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (3)
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-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Rhynchonellida (1)
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Spiriferida (1)
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-
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (2)
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Glycymeris (1)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (2)
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Gastropoda (4)
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Tentaculitida
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Tentaculitidae
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Tentaculites (1)
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Porifera (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (5)
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Vermes (1)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (7)
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palynomorphs
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pollen (5)
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-
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Quercus (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Ginkgoales
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Ginkgo (1)
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (3)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (13)
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Ar/Ar (34)
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exposure age (4)
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fission-track dating (6)
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He/He (2)
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infrared stimulated luminescence (2)
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Lu/Hf (6)
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optically stimulated luminescence (9)
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tree rings (3)
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U/Pb (55)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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geologic age
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Anthropocene (1)
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Cenozoic
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middle Cenozoic (2)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (2)
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Medieval Warm Period (1)
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middle Holocene (2)
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Neoglacial
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
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Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (3)
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Irvingtonian (1)
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Lake Agassiz (2)
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lower Pleistocene (2)
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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Peoria Loess (1)
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Roxana Silt (1)
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upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (2)
-
Neogene
-
Browns Park Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (7)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (3)
-
lower Miocene (3)
-
middle Miocene (9)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene (13)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (10)
-
upper Pliocene (3)
-
-
Salt Lake Formation (2)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (1)
-
Claron Formation (2)
-
Duchesne River Formation (2)
-
Eocene
-
Bridger Formation (1)
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Green River Formation (5)
-
lower Eocene
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Wasatchian (1)
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Aycross Formation (1)
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Carrizo Sand (1)
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Claiborne Group (1)
-
Queen City Formation (1)
-
Sparta Sand (1)
-
-
upper Eocene
-
Uinta Formation (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
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Puercan (1)
-
-
Midway Group (1)
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (3)
-
White River Group (1)
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
Tulare Formation (1)
-
upper Cenozoic (4)
-
-
Lake Bonneville (10)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (4)
-
Mesozoic
-
Condrey Mountain Schist (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Dakota Formation (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Aptian (2)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Greensand (1)
-
Mancos Shale (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Blackhawk Formation (4)
-
Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (1)
-
-
Harebell Formation (1)
-
Hornbrook Formation (2)
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Laramie Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Senonian (3)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (3)
-
Tropic Shale (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
Wahweap Formation (2)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (3)
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Talkeetna Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (2)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Morrison Formation (5)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
Sundance Formation (2)
-
-
-
Moenave Formation (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (3)
-
Orocopia Schist (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Chinle Formation (4)
-
Norian (2)
-
Petrified Forest Member (1)
-
Redonda Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Shinarump Member (2)
-
-
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 6 (1)
-
MIS 7 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Bonanza King Formation (1)
-
Brigham Group (2)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Poleta Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
Nopah Formation (1)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Joana Limestone (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Lake Valley Formation (1)
-
Lodgepole Formation (3)
-
Osagian (1)
-
Tournaisian (3)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Desmoinesian
-
Cherokee Group (1)
-
Marmaton Group (1)
-
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Red Fork Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Virgilian
-
Wabaunsee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lost Burro Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (2)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Givetian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (3)
-
Madera Formation (1)
-
Maroon Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Council Grove Group (1)
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
-
Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Stone Corral Formation (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Sauk Sequence (3)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (1)
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Admire Group (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (6)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (2)
-
-
Chuar Group (4)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Hazel Formation (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Pahrump Series (3)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (3)
-
Unkar Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (1)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (3)
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Tonian (4)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Hemlock Formation (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (2)
-
Windermere System (2)
-
-
-
Wyman Formation (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
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diorites (2)
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
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aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
ultramafics (2)
-
-
porphyry
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vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (8)
-
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
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ignimbrite (10)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (17)
-
tuffite (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (7)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
volcanic ash (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
-
marbles (3)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metadiabase (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (1)
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metagraywacke (1)
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metapelite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
migmatites (1)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
quartzites (7)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (1)
-
borates (1)
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (1)
-
dolomite (3)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
-
-
iron minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
corundum (1)
-
cryptomelane (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
hollandite (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
sapphire (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (12)
-
monazite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
jadeite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
K-feldspar (5)
-
sanidine (9)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (2)
-
chalcedony (2)
-
cristobalite (1)
-
moganite (2)
-
opal (1)
-
quartz (4)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (3)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (61)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
lawsonite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (6)
-
muscovite (1)
-
phengite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
barite (1)
-
gypsum (2)
-
-
sulfides
-
marcasite (1)
-
orpiment (1)
-
pyrite (4)
-
realgar (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (111)
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academic institutions (1)
-
Africa
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Morocco (1)
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Namibia (1)
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Arctic region
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Svalbard
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-
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula (1)
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Far East
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Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
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China
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
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-
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Vietnam (1)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Iraq (2)
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Turkey
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Zagros (2)
-
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asteroids (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
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Australia
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Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
-
-
bibliography (5)
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biogeography (7)
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biography (3)
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boron (1)
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Canada
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Nunavut
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Athabasca Oil Sands (1)
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British Columbia
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Vancouver Island (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
carbon
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C-13/C-12 (20)
-
C-14 (18)
-
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Caribbean region
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West Indies (1)
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
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middle Cenozoic (2)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
-
lower Holocene (2)
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Medieval Warm Period (1)
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middle Holocene (2)
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Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (3)
-
Irvingtonian (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (2)
-
lower Pleistocene (2)
-
middle Pleistocene (2)
-
Peoria Loess (1)
-
Roxana Silt (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (2)
-
Neogene
-
Browns Park Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (7)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (3)
-
lower Miocene (3)
-
middle Miocene (9)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene (13)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (10)
-
upper Pliocene (3)
-
-
Salt Lake Formation (2)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (1)
-
Claron Formation (2)
-
Duchesne River Formation (2)
-
Eocene
-
Bridger Formation (1)
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Bridgerian (1)
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Mesozoic
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Franciscan Complex (3)
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Paleozoic
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Upper Cambrian
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Carboniferous
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Madison Group (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Moscovian (1)
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Red Fork Sandstone (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Virgilian
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Wabaunsee Group (1)
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-
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Devonian
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Lost Burro Formation (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Upper Devonian
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Frasnian (1)
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Exshaw Formation (1)
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lower Paleozoic (3)
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Ordovician
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Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (1)
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Permian
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Council Grove Group (1)
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Lower Permian
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Phosphoria Formation (2)
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Pilot Shale (1)
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Weber Sandstone (2)
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Spermatophyta
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plate tectonics (36)
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Precambrian
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Chuar Group (4)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic
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Pocatello Formation (2)
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Windermere System (2)
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Wyman Formation (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Cottonwood Valley
Tectono-sequence stratigraphy of Tertiary rocks in the Cottonwood Mountains and northern Death Valley area, California and Nevada Available to Purchase
Full article available in PDF version.
Chapter 21: Listric normal faulting and synorogenic sedimentation, northern Cottonwood Mountains, Death Valley region, California Available to Purchase
The structure of the northern Cottonwood Mountains, located in the Death Valley region of southeastern California, is dominated by a faulted, east-facing, monoclinal flexure developed in Paleozoic strata of the Cordilleran miogeocline. We interpret this flexure as a rollover or fault-bend fold above a listric normal fault, probably the north-ward continuation of the Tucki Mountain normal fault system exposed about 45 km south of the study area. Synorogenic Tertiary sediments in the Ubehebe basin, overlying the rollover at the northern end of the Cottonwood Mountains, record the inception of normal faulting and eastward tilting around a horizontal axis trending about N25°W. Paleozoic strata in the Dry Mountain block to the west are subhorizontal. Racetrack Valley, a north-trending topographic depression between the Dry Mountain block and the northern Cottonwood Mountains, is interpreted as a major graben that accommodates differential stratal rotations within the rollover. The juxtaposition of Mesozoic thrust plates by Tertiary normal faults has obscured the structural simplicity of the rollover. Structural and stratigraphic correlations indicate that strata exposed in the Dry Mountain block and northern Cottonwood Mountains are parts of a single Mesozoic thrust plate. This new evidence suggests that the Racetrack thrust of McAllister (1952) does not root in northern Racetrack Valley, contrary to previous interpretations. A previously unrecognized klippe and other parts of the Ubehebe thrust plate lie structurally above the northern Cottonwood Mountains. We suggest that normal faulting has downdropped a portion of the Ubehebe thrust plate into Racetrack Valley between strata of the Dry Mountain block and northern Cottonwood Mountains. Thus, the development of a major graben within the rollover has produced an apparent thrust relation along both sides of the Racetrack Valley block. We correlate the Racetrack Valley block and Ubehebe thrust plate with the Last Chance thrust plate of Stewart and others (1966). Sequentially deformed, palinspastic reconstructions of the rollover indicate that conjugate faults formed symmetrical grabens during development of the rollover. The grabens accommodated bending within the rollover and probably nucleated above areas of maximum curvature on the basal listric fault. Thus, the nucleation of progressively younger grabens during extension apparently migrated toward the breakaway within the hanging-wall block while remaining fixed relative to the bend in the basal fault plane. The pre-middle Pliocene(?) age and structural position of strata in the Ubehebe basin suggest that they are partially correlative with upper Miocene to lower Pliocene strata in the Nova basin, also located on the eastern margin of the Cottonwood Mountains structural block but adjacent to Tucki Mountain. The location of these basins in the hanging wall of the Tucki Mountain normal fault system suggests that they may be allochthonous parts of an earlier basin. Distinctive cobbles with no known local source are abundant in a relatively thin stratigraphic zone within the Ubehebe basin. We interpret these cobbles as reworked clasts derived from the Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation. This is consistent with structural and stratigraphic correlations that indicate about 70 km northwest-directed transport of the Cottonwood Mountains block from a position adjacent to the Funeral Mountains (Snow and Wernicke, 1988,1989; Snow, 1989; Snow and others, 1989).
Detrital zircon U-Pb results from Lake Mohave and Cottonwood Valley. Sample... Open Access
Paleogeomorphology and evolution of the early Colorado River inferred from relationships in Mohave and Cottonwood valleys, Arizona, California, and Nevada Open Access
Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona Available to Purchase
Late Miocene and early Pliocene sediments exposed along the lower Colorado River near Laughlin, Nevada, contain evidence that establishment of this reach of the river after 5.6 Ma involved flooding from lake spillover through a bedrock divide between Cottonwood Valley to the north and Mohave Valley to the south. Lacustrine marls interfingered with and conformably overlying a sequence of post–5.6 Ma fine-grained valley-fill deposits record an early phase of intermittent lacustrine inundation restricted to Cottonwood Valley. Limestone, mud, sand, and minor gravel of the Bouse Formation were subsequently deposited above an unconformity. At the north end of Mohave Valley, a coarse-grained, lithologically distinct fluvial conglomerate separates subaerial, locally derived fan deposits from subaqueous deposits of the Bouse Formation. We interpret this key unit as evidence for overtopping and catastrophic breaching of the paleodivide immediately before deep lacustrine inundation of both valleys. Exposures in both valleys reveal a substantial erosional unconformity that records drainage of the lake and predates the arrival of sediment of the through-going Colorado River. Subsequent river aggradation culminated in the Pliocene between 4.1 and 3.3 Ma. The stratigraphic associations and timing of this drainage transition are consistent with geochemical evidence linking lacustrine conditions to the early Colorado River, the timings of drainage integration and canyon incision on the Colorado Plateau, the arrival of Colorado River sand at its terminus in the Salton Trough, and a downstream-directed mode of river integration common in areas of crustal extension.
Map showing regional setting of Mohave and Cottonwood Valleys in the lower ... Open Access
Redefining the age of the lower Colorado River, southwestern United States Available to Purchase
Bullhead gravel and sand from the Tyro Wash section in southern Cottonwood ... Open Access
Map illustrating the paleogeography and drainage systems of Cottonwood and ... Open Access
Total clast-count data for Blue Diamond landslide breccia with separate cou... Available to Purchase
Lateral and vertical extent of the Bullhead alluvium. Map of Mohave and Cot... Open Access
A and B , Geologic cross sections C-C′ and D-D′ across Cottonwood Vall... Available to Purchase
A and B , Geologic cross sections C-C′ and D-D′ across Cottonwood Vall... Available to Purchase
Schematic north-south transects illustrating the fluviolacustrine model of ... Open Access
Projections of Bouse deposit localities from the east and west sides of the... Open Access
Examples of Bullhead alluvium. (A) Well-rounded, lithologically diverse riv... Open Access
A) Map of general counting zones and the relative proportions of carbonate... Available to Purchase
Stratigraphic column of Brigham Group, overlying Cambrian carbonate rocks e... Available to Purchase
A) Digital elevation map showing the current exposed remnants of the Blue ... Available to Purchase
Birth of the lower Colorado River—Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence for its inception near the conjunction of Nevada, Arizona, and California Available to Purchase
Abstract A detailed record of the late Cenozoic history of the lower Colorado River can be inferred from alluvial and (likely) lacustrine stratigraphy exposed in dissected alluvial basins below the mouth of the Grand Canyon. Numerous sites in Mohave, Cottonwood, and Detrital valleys contain stratigraphic records that directly bear on the mode, timing, and consequences of the river’s inception and integration in the latest Miocene–early Pliocene and its subsequent evolution through the Pleistocene. This field trip guide describes and illustrates many of these key stratigraphic relationships and, in particular, highlights evidence that supports the hypothesis of cascading lake-overflow as the principal formative mechanism of the river’s course downstream from the Grand Canyon.