... and emerging technologies, such as the Cosmic Ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS), passive/active distributed temperature sensing (DTS), and global positioning system reflectometers (GPSR). Four profile stations were installed in May of 2010, and soil moisture was monitored to a depth of 1 m...

...Jingnuo Dong; Tyson E. Ochsner; Marek Zreda; Michael H. Cosh; Chris B. Zou Abstract The COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) rover may be useful for validating satellite-based estimates of near-surface soil moisture, but the accuracy with which the rover can measure 0- to 5-cm soil...

... Soil Moisture Observing System CRNP, cosmic-ray neutron probe EC a , apparent electrical conductivity RMSE, root mean square error RSM, response surface methodology TDR, time domain reflectometry TDT, time domain transmissometry TWDEF, T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest The CRNP probe (CRS...

... in time at intermediate spatial scales ( Zreda et al., 2008 ). A new national network of cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors, the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS), has recently come online with the goal of improving hydrometeorological forecasting ( Zreda et al., 2012 ), with data available...

.... J. Remote Sens. 36 : 4986 – 5002 . doi:10.1080/01431161.2015.1041178 Zreda , M. , W.J. Shuttleworth , X. Zeng , C. Zweck , D. Desilets , T. Franz , and R. Rosolem . 2012 . COSMOS: The COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System . Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci...

... record rather than on a year-by-year basis , when all three profiles attain suitable calibrations. AMSR-E, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observing System satellite COSMOS, COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System RMSD, root-mean-squared difference SCAN, Soil Climate Analysis...

... has been seen to increase the surface-emanated eTh radiation by more than 70%. Two different field vehicles currently contain the measurement systems. Data reduction requires the use of environmentally measured gamma ray standard spectra for eTh, eU, and 40 K decay and cosmic radiation, plus...

..., time domain reflectometry WACMOS, water cycle multi-mission observation strategy A deep understanding of soil moisture is crucial to describe hydrologic processes, earth-atmosphere interactions, and climate variability. The large variety of soil moisture applications require data from local...

... exposed to cosmic rays before the consolidation of this landform. To maintain the observed exponential drop in concentration, each sample must have inherited the same 10 Be concentration. While this possibility cannot be ruled out, we can limit the magnitude of this inheritance. The lowest sample...

... ca. 10 and ca. 8.7 k.y. B.P. However, during the abnormally dry ISM interval starting at 8.7 k.y. B.P., less moisture reached the internal parts of the orogen. We relate this phase to reduced hillslope erosion, river discharge, and sediment load. The likely response in the fluvial system...

... such as remote sensing platforms and the Cosmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) ( Robinson et al., 2008 ), but also because important environmental processes occur very close to the soil surface. Of particular interest are processes linked to global climate change, e.g., CH 4 and N 2 O emissions...

... F. Mauser W. . 2010 . The Upper Danube soil moisture validation site: Measurements and activities . In: Earth Observation and Water Cycle Conference. ESA Special Publications , Rome . Malyshev A.B. Sudakova I.B. . 1995 . Algorithm for the spikes detection in the cosmic ray...

.... Ferre T.P.A. Rosolem R. Zweck C. Stillman S. Zeng X. Shuttleworth W.J. . 2012 . Measurement depth of the cosmic ray soil moisture probe affected by hydrogen from various sources . Water Resour. Res. 48 : W08515 . doi:10.1029/2012WR011871 Frohnert A. Apelt S...

... using the method of Aitken ( 1998 ) and Adamiec and Aitken ( 1998 ). The cosmic contribution to the dose rate was determined using the techniques of Prescott and Hutton ( 1994 ). Optically stimulated luminescence analyses were carried out on a Riso automated OSL dating system (model TL/OSL-DA-15B...

... is an important step, while they strongly affect soil moisture variation ( Baggaley et al., 2009 ; Hu and Si, 2014 ). In addition, dynamic soil moisture patterns obtained from a time-lapse sequence of SAR data and cosmic-ray probes ( Zreda et al., 2008 ) as an emerging technology may also provide useful...

.... Ferré T.P.A. Scott R.L. , 2008 , Measuring soil moisture content non-invasively at intermediate spatial scale using cosmic-ray neutrons : Geophysical Research Letters , v. 35 , no. 21 , L21402 , doi:10.1029/2008GL035655 . Science Editor: J. Brendan Murphy Meteoric 10...

... horizons, following the US soil classification systems (NSSC 1995 ; Birkeland 1999 ; Soil Survey Staff 1999 ). The Cox designation is used when the sediment color (Oyama and Takehara 1970 ) is stronger than 10YR 5/4 (Birkeland 1999 ). The “u” designation in the C horizon nomenclature refers...

..., and efficiency of removal from the troposphere (wet and dry deposition) ( Feely et al. 1989 ). Since the discovery of cosmic-ray produced Be, numerous researchers have gathered data on its (1) production, (2) fluxes to the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems, (3) distribution and inventory in soils, snow...

...→soil→paleosol in alpine environments raises questions related to the impact of microbial mediation versus various diverse abiotic chemical/physical processes, even including the overall effect of cosmic impact/airburst during the early stage of weathering in Late Glacial (LG) deposits. This study...

... dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDAX) was used for chemical analyses. Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) analysis was carried out at FEI Incorporated in Eindhoven, Netherlands, using a Tecnai G 2 F20 X-Twin STEM with high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector, EFTEM, and EDAX...