..., and with extant Equus grevyi Oustalet, 1882 . The late Miocene–Early Pleistocene “ Hipparion ” species included in our analyses are: Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer, 1829 (Höwenegg, Germany; data from Bernor et al., 1997 ), “ Cormohipparion ” africanum Arambourg, 1959 (Bou Hanifia, Algeria; data...

...Figure 5. GARP predicted distribution maps. A, Cormohipparion occidentale Barstovian–Clarendonian model projected onto the Barstovian–Clarendonian environmental layers. B, C. occidentale range when the Barstovian–Clarendonian model is projected onto the Hemphillian–Blancan environmental layers...

... cerasinus ; E, Calippus elachistus ; F, Cormohipparion ingenuum ; G, Cormohipparion plicatile ; H, Nannippus westoni ; I, Neohipparion trampasense ; J, Protohippus gidleyi ; K, Pseudhipparion skinneri ; L, Gomphotherium sp.; M, Aphelops malacorhinus ; N, Teleoceras proterum ; O, Tapirus simpsoni . ...

... subgenera. Bernor et al. (1996 , p. 308) placed all species of Hipparion genus into the Hipparionini tribe and grouped them into several genera or group complexes. These genera or groups are: Cormohipparion Skinner and MacFadden, 1977 , Neohipparion Gidley, 1903 , Nanippus Matthew, 1926...

... and species referred to in the text and in Fig. 1 ): ar = Archaeohippus ; co = Cormohipparion ; de = Desmatippus ; di = Dinohippus ; ep = Epihippus ; eq = Equus ; hi = Hipparion ; hp = Hypohippus ; hy = Hyracotherium ; ka = Kalobatippus ; meg = Megahippus ; mes = Mesohippus ( bairdii ); mi...

... . Fractionation of oxygen isotopes between mammalian bone-phosphate and environmental drinking water . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 48 : 1689 – 1693 . MacFadden , B.J. 1984 . Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from...

... Cormohipparion emsliei : Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , v. 395 , p. 42 – 52 . doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.020 . Lucas , S.G. , 2008 , Late Cenozoic fossil mammals from the Chapala Rift Basin, Jalisco, Mexico : New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin , v...

... , Nannippus , and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World : Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 179 . 1 – 195 . MacFadden , B. J. , 1992 , Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae , Cambridge...

... . Oikos 78 : 57 – 66 . Kaiser , T. M . 2002 . Functional significance of ontogenetic gradients in the enamel ridge pattern of the upper cheek dentition of the Miocene hipparionin horse Cormohipparion occidentale (Equidae, Perissodactyla) . Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82 : 167 – 180...

... L. R. G. . 2014 . Cautionary lessons from assessing dental mesowear observer variability and integrating paleoecological proxies of an extreme generalist Cormohipparion emsliei . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 395...

... and Geochronology . Columbia University Press New York . Bravo-Cuevas , V. , and Ferrusquía-Villafranca , I. , 2008 , Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the middle Miocene of Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico : Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 28 . 243 – 250...

... of Ecology and Systematics 14 : 103 – 137 . Loffredo , L. F. , and L. R. G. DeSantis . 2014 : Cautionary lessons from assessing dental mesowear observer variability and integrating paleoecological proxies of an extreme generalist Cormohipparion emsliei . Palaeogeography...

... . Physiological Zoology , 54 : 430 - 440 . Hulbert , R. C. 1988 . Cormohipparion and Hipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the late Neogene of Florida . Bulletin of the Florida State Museum (Biological Sciences) , 33 : 229 - 338 . Hulbert , R. C. ed 2001 . The fossil...