...Tomasz K. Baumiller; R. Ewan Fordyce Abstract —We describe a nearly complete, and thus extremely rare, feather star (Crinoidea, Comatulida) from Oligocene strata of North Otago/South Canterbury, New Zealand. A detailed analysis of this specimen, as well as newly recovered material and previously...

...., is also proposed as there exists no corresponding taxon within the Articulata that can accommodate all the characteristics of this new genus. This new crinoid shares many features with other members of the articulates, including bathycrinids, bourgueticrinids and guillecrinids within the Order Comatulida...

... by having very short ridges that may be replaced by rows of tubercles or granules, with a tendency toward irregular arrangement and disappearance. Among Triassic crinoids, only representatives of the orders Isocrinida Sieverts-Doreck, 1952 and Comatulida Clark, 1908 had cryptosyzygial or syzygial...

... stars, members of the order Comatulida (Hess and Messing 2011 ) that shed their stalks early in ontogeny. These feather stars are widely recognized as possessing the greatest locomotory repertoire ranging from crawling to swimming, which resulted in them being...

... parameter to be estimated from the data, ω. We generated maps of species richness and phylogenetic diversity to quantify the hotspot in comatulids. Here, Comatulida is the smallest monophyletic group including every crinoid with a centrodorsal ossicle; this clade also includes some small groups...

... of Lakotacrinus from Hunter et al. (2016) ; for example, “The crinoid corresponds to a new species of the order Comatulida that displays a very unusual morphology (Hunter at al. 2016) ”. Hunter et al. (2018) stated that “The Triassic crinoid Traumatocrinus (e.g., Hess 2011 , fig. 19b) has perforations...

.... The crinoids used herein are stalkless crinoids within the Order Comatulida. Most comatulids are stalked as juveniles but are stalkless as adults. Some comatulids (Order Bougueticrinida) retain their stalks as adults ( Hess and Messing 2011 ). Thus, herein we refer to the study organisms as either ‘stalkless...

... of crinoids, chiefly from the collections made by U.S. Fisheries steamer “Albatross” at the Hawaiian Islands in 1902, with remarks on the classification of the Comatulida : Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum , v. 34 , p. 209 – 239 . Clark A.H. , 1915 , A monograph of the existing crinoids...

... experiments, Shaw and Fontaine (1990) elicited swimming behavior in the stalkless crinoid Florometra serratissima Clark (Order Comatulida) by contact with benthic predator species (asteroids and actinians), while there was no such response with non-carnivorous species. Mladenov (1983) also observed F...

.... This procedure yielded >1000 crinoid elements, including 513 comatulid elements (Comatulida), 503 isocrinid elements ( Isocrinus pendulus [ von M eyer , 1836 ]), and 127 millericrinid elements (Millericrinida), along with 10 asteroid and ∼200 cidaroid elements ( Figs. 2I–J ). In addition to echinoderms...

..., the simple classification of Carpenter, with 5 genera, 2 of which included most of the fossil forms, has grown like a mushroom. Zittel, 1913 and 1927 editions, indicates at least 85 genera included in 14 families and 9 subfamilies. Clark (1931, p. 65) classified the comatulids as the Order Comatulida...

... Comatulida and Uintacrinida were defined by A. H. Clark (1908) and Broili (1921) , respectively; and division of the comatulids into currently used superfamilies was completed by 1925, with the exception of the superfamily Paracomatulacea ( Hess, 1951 ). Twentieth century work on crinoids is readily...

... the depositional environment was most likely in a high-energy shallow-water environment. Class Crinoidea Miller, 1821 Order Comatulida Clark, 1908 Superfamily Tropiometracea Clark, 1908 Family Calometridae Clark, 1911 Centrodorsal discoidal to hemispherical. Usually no dorsal...

... adopted a compromise the stalked Order Isocrinida and its free-living, stalkless approach: we have generated a detailed time-environment offshoot, the Order Comatulida (which would in turn be diagram for Euramerican occurrences, but have determined 542 BOTTJER & JABLONSKI TABLE 2-Paleoenvironmental scheme...

... , 2012 , Estimating the basic reproductive number from viral sequence data : Molecular Biology and Evolution , v. 29 , p. 347 – 357 . Summers M.M. , Messing C.G. , and Rouse G.W. , 2014 , Phylogeny of Comatulidae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida): A new classification...

... species of crinoid, ophiuroids, and asteroids. The regular echinoid is identified as Salenia sp., and the irregular echinoid as Hemiaster sp. ( Fig. 2 ). The crinoid corresponds to a new species of the order Comatulida that displays a very unusual morphology (Hunter at al. 2016). A few specimens...

.... 2011 . Comatulida . Pp . 70 – 146 in Selden P. A. ed . Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea . Part T (revised) of Moore...

... of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington : University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences , v. 27 , p. 101 – 212 . Eagle , M.K. , 2007 , New fossil crinoids (Articulata: Comatulida) from the late Oligocene of the Pentland Hills and Hurstlea, south...

... . Engle , S. , 2012 , Ultrastructure and development of the body cavities in Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) (Comatulida, Crinoidea) [PhD Dissertation]: Berlin , Freien Universität, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie , p. 1 – 174...

... feet above, the basal glauconite of the Red Bluff, however, these molds are reworked and large phosphatic nodules up to 2 inches in diameter are common. Three types of crinoids have been found in the Red Bluff at this and near-by localities—one of the family Comatulidae, which embraces forms free...