... in a superordinal group, the Cimolesta. Taeniodonts were thought to have arisen from Cimolestes indirectly, through Paleocene Procerberus Sloan and Van Valen, 1965 . The recently described Paleocene Alveugena Eberle, 1999 , until now known only from the upper dentition, has been put forth as a transitional form...

...., 2004 ), and is from the Ectoconus-Taeniolabis taoensis Interval Zone of Lofgren et al. (2004) (i.e., Pu2: middle Puercan). McKenna (in Clemens, 1973 , p. 73) and Williamson (1996 , p. 38), however, concluded that AMNH 58409 is probably a deciduous premolar of a palaeoryctid (Order Cimolesta...

... ( Dawson 2001 ), and their subsequent dispersal to Europe. Here we provide systematic description of several members of the Eureka Sound mammalian fauna, specifically the Carnivora, Creodonta, Cimolesta, Leptictida, and Mesonychidae, based on fossils recovered near Bay and Stenkul fiords on Ellesmere...

... (Cimolesta?/Lipotyphla?), Taeniodonta, and ‘Creodonta’ (archaic terrestrial carnivores), as well as of mammals having living representatives, namely Carnivora and laurasiatherian ungulates (Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla). Not only has Cimolestes figured centrally in past discussions concerning ancestry...

... of variation; M=mean; N=sample size; OR=observed range; P=parameter; SD=standard deviation. Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872 Order Cimolesta McKenna, 1975 Suborder Pantolesta McKenna, 1975 Family Pantolestidae Cope, 1884 Subfamily uncertain...

.... McKenna and Bell (1997 ) regarded the clade as a suborder of their order Cimolesta, but no convincing evidence has been presented to associate tillodonts with any other group within Cimolesta except for Pantodonta ( Gazin, 1953 ; Chow and Wang, 1979 ; Lucas, 1993 ), and even there the ties are based...

....” In contrast, McKenna ( 1975 ) and McKenna and Bell ( 1997 ) allocated the family to the suborder Pantolesta in the order Cimolesta. Carroll ( 1988 ) recognized an order Pantolesta, unassigned within Eutheria, whereas Rose ( 2006 ) also recognized order Pantolesta but included...

... Leptictidae Eoictops novaceki , new genus and species Cimolesta Suborder? Palaeoryctidae Palaeoryctid indet. Apatotheria Apatemyidae Apatemys cf. A . whitakeri Pantolesta Pantolestidae Palaeosinopa lacus , new species...

... ). This hypothesis has since been reiterated by McKenna and Bell (1997) , with pantodonts, tillodonts (including the enigmatic Deltatherium Cope, 1881 ), taeniodonts, palaeoryctids, and a number of other seemingly disparate (anatomically and phylogenetically) groups comprising the order Cimolesta. As pointed out...

...Fig. 4. Select holotypes of fossil mammal (Eutheria: Cimolesta, Carnivora, Lipotyphla, and Primates) species named by Richard C. Fox. A–C, Melaniella timosa Fox, 1984 b ; UALVP 21509, incomplete right dentary with ?p2 and alveolus for the ?lower canine, in (A) labial, (B) lingual, and (C...

.... ALEXANDER LOCALITY (UCM loc. 77267) Order MULTITUBERCULATA Mesodma cf. M. ambigua Xyronomys new species * Kimbetohia ? new species * Catopsalis alexanderi Cimexomys minor Cimexomys new species * Order MARSUPIALIA Peradectes pusillus Order CIMOLESTA...

...Figure 8. Metatheria, Cimolesta, Carnivoramorpha, and Euarchonta fossils from the Dawson Creek and Rough Run areas, Big Bend National Park, Texas. (A–D) Peradectes sp.: (A) partial right M1 (LSU V-895) in occlusal view; (B–D) left m2 or m3 (LSU V-705), in occlusal (B), buccal (C), and lingual...

... also bear on the timing of placental origins: Leptictida and Cimolesta. Leptictids were first described as crown placentals and are formed of diverse Cretaceous to Oligocene taxa, with ongoing debate on the group’s composition (Hooker 2013 ). Hooker ( 2014 ) suggested that the Cretaceous taxon...

... with the Suborder Taeniodonta and other groups in the Order Cimolesta. Although differing in details, a number of workers (e.g., Eberle 1999 ; Rook et al. 2010 ; Rook and Hunter 2011 ) subsequently concluded that the ancestry of taeniodonts is to be found among the cimolestids. Similarly, organization of most...

... Douglass, 1908 , and the Eocene Amaramnis Gazin, 1962 . McKenna and Bell (1997) consider pentacodontines to be part of a larger Cimolesta, a taxon comprising a number of divergent groups traditionally considered distantly related (e.g., pantodonts, taeniodonts, pholidotans). Enlarged and robust upper...

... 1988 ; Fox 1990 ; Scott and Krause 2006 ). Subclass Theria Parker and Haswell, 1897 Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872 Order Cimolesta McKenna, 1975 Family Pentacodontidae Van Valen, 1967 Genus Aphronorus Simpson, 1935 Aphronorus fraudator ( Simpson, 1935 ) ( Figs...

... Catopsalis calgariensis Russell, 1926 ‡ Catopsalis fissidens? Cope, 1884a Family indeterminate Fractinus Higgins, 2003 Fractinus palmorem Higgins, 2003 Infraclass Holotheria Wible et al., 1995 Order Cimolesta McKenna, 1975 Cimolestidae Marsh, 1889...