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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic
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Kundelungu Plateau (1)
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Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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West Congo Belt (1)
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Congo Basin (1)
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Congo Craton (6)
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East Africa
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Tanzania (1)
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Zambia (1)
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (1)
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Gariep Belt (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Kalahari Craton (1)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (7)
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Kaoko Belt (4)
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Karibib Namibia (1)
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Otavi Namibia (3)
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Tsumeb Namibia (1)
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South Africa (1)
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Arctic region
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman (4)
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Far East
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China
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Tarim Platform (1)
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Indonesia (1)
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Japan
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Hokkaido
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Honshu
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Akita Japan
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Niigata Japan (4)
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Korea
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South Korea (1)
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Taiwan
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Australasia
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Australia
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Amadeus Basin (1)
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South Australia
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Flinders Ranges (2)
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Western Australia
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Murchison Province (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Western Canada
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Death Valley (4)
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Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Northern Norway (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland (1)
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North America
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North American Cordillera
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Rocky Mountains
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South America
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Amazonian Craton (1)
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Argentina
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Chubut Argentina (1)
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San Juan Argentina (1)
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Brazil (1)
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Patagonia (1)
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United States
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California
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Kingston Range (1)
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Idaho
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Valley County Idaho (1)
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commodities
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barite deposits (1)
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bentonite deposits (1)
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brines (1)
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industrial minerals (1)
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metal ores
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aluminum ores (1)
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arsenic ores (1)
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base metals (2)
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bismuth ores (1)
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copper ores (5)
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gold ores (5)
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iron ores (3)
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lead ores (2)
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lead-zinc deposits (1)
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manganese ores (3)
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nickel ores (1)
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silver ores (2)
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uranium ores (2)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (4)
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-
mineral deposits, genesis (11)
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mineral exploration (3)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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phosphate deposits (1)
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elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (12)
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organic carbon (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
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isotope ratios (17)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Cs-137 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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stable isotopes
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (12)
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D/H (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (5)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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S-33 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
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-
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metals
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actinides
-
uranium (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (2)
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yttrium (1)
-
-
zirconium (1)
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-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
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sulfur
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S-33 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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-
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fossils
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bacteria (1)
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Cloudina (1)
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eukaryotes (2)
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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-
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microfossils
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problematic microfossils (1)
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae (1)
-
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Araucariaceae (1)
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-
-
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problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (1)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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K/Ar (1)
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U/Pb (9)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (3)
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Pleistocene
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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Paleogene
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Paleocene (1)
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Mesozoic
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Carnian
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Ischigualasto Formation (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (1)
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Middle Cambrian (1)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Phanerozoic (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Neoarchean (1)
-
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Damara System (7)
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Huronian (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (8)
-
Ediacaran (2)
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Marinoan (10)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Otavi Group (10)
-
Sturtian (10)
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Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (3)
-
Sinian
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Windermere System (2)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites (1)
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
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leucogranite (1)
-
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granodiorites (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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dacites (2)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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rhyolites (1)
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-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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marbles (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (7)
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metasomatic rocks
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skarn (2)
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quartzites (1)
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slates (1)
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turbidite (2)
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minerals
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carbonates
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oxides
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iron oxides (1)
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phosphates
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silicates
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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spessartine (1)
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zircon group
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zircon (7)
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-
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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allanite (1)
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-
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (1)
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montmorillonite (1)
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saponite (1)
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smectite (2)
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illite (1)
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-
-
sulfates
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barite (1)
-
-
sulfides
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molybdenite (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
vanadates (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (12)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kundelungu Plateau (1)
-
Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
West Congo Belt (1)
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Congo Craton (6)
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (7)
-
Kaoko Belt (4)
-
Karibib Namibia (1)
-
Otavi Namibia (3)
-
Tsumeb Namibia (1)
-
-
South Africa (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard (2)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (4)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
-
Indonesia (1)
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Hidaka metamorphic belt (1)
-
Hidaka Mountains (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Akita Japan
-
Hokuroku Japan (1)
-
-
Niigata Japan (4)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Taiwan
-
Taiwanese Central Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Amadeus Basin (1)
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (2)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Murchison Province (1)
-
-
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
barite deposits (1)
-
bentonite deposits (1)
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (3)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
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Paleogene
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Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
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clay mineralogy (4)
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continental drift (1)
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crust (2)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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crystal structure (2)
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data processing (1)
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deformation (4)
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diagenesis (3)
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earthquakes (1)
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economic geology (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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Ireland (1)
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Scandinavia
-
Norway
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Finnmark Norway
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Varanger Peninsula (1)
-
-
Northern Norway (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
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faults (5)
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folds (4)
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geochemistry (12)
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geomorphology (1)
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geophysical methods (1)
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glacial geology (12)
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ground water (1)
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heat flow (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diorites (1)
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gabbros (1)
-
granites
-
leucogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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dacites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
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-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
industrial minerals (1)
-
intrusions (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (12)
-
D/H (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
S-33 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
land subsidence (1)
-
lava (1)
-
magmas (3)
-
mantle (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
aluminum ores (1)
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arsenic ores (1)
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base metals (2)
-
bismuth ores (1)
-
copper ores (5)
-
gold ores (5)
-
iron ores (3)
-
lead ores (2)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
manganese ores (3)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
uranium ores (2)
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vanadium ores (1)
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zinc ores (4)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (2)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
marbles (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (7)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (2)
-
-
quartzites (1)
-
slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (3)
-
metasomatism (3)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (11)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
North America
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
-
ocean basins (1)
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orogeny (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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-
paleoclimatology (19)
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paleoecology (2)
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paleogeography (8)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (1)
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Middle Cambrian (1)
-
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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paragenesis (3)
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petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
Plantae
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae (1)
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales
-
Araucariaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (7)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (7)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (8)
-
Ediacaran (2)
-
Marinoan (10)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Otavi Group (10)
-
Sturtian (10)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (3)
-
Sinian
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Windermere System (2)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
remote sensing (2)
-
sea water (3)
-
sea-level changes (4)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (2)
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ironstone (1)
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clastic rocks
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black shale (1)
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conglomerate (4)
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diamictite (16)
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mudstone (1)
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red beds (1)
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sandstone (7)
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shale (1)
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siltstone (1)
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tillite (2)
-
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coal (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
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planar bedding structures
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cross-bedding (1)
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cross-stratification (1)
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laminations (1)
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rhythmite (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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olistoliths (1)
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olistostromes (2)
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-
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sedimentation (4)
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soils
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laterites (1)
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South America
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Amazonian Craton (1)
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Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
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San Juan Argentina (1)
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-
Brazil (1)
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Patagonia (1)
-
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stratigraphy (3)
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sulfur
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S-33 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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tectonics
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neotectonics (2)
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United States
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California
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Kingston Range (1)
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Idaho
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Valley County Idaho (1)
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-
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waste disposal (2)
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weathering (1)
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rock formations
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Huqf Supergroup (2)
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Nama Group (3)
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sedimentary rocks
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laminite (2)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (2)
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-
chemically precipitated rocks
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (2)
-
-
ironstone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
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black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (4)
-
diamictite (16)
-
mudstone (1)
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red beds (1)
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sandstone (7)
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shale (1)
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siltstone (1)
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tillite (2)
-
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coal (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
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turbidite (2)
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volcaniclastics (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
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laminite (2)
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-bedding (1)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
laminations (1)
-
rhythmite (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistoliths (1)
-
olistostromes (2)
-
-
-
stratification (2)
-
-
sediments
-
siliciclastics (2)
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turbidite (2)
-
volcaniclastics (2)
-
-
soils
-
soils
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laterites (1)
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Chuos Formation
Glacio-marine iron formation deposition in a c. 700 Ma glaciated margin: insights from the Chuos Formation, Namibia Available to Purchase
Abstract The Chuos Formation of Namibia is the sedimentary product of the Neoproterozoic Sturtian ( c. 720–660 Ma) glaciation and contains massive diamictites intercalated with finely laminated iron formation. Similar Sturtian glacially associated iron formations are found globally. The iron formations are laminated and generally very pure. The diamictites are massive, contain abundant clasts and can be highly ferruginous. These two lithofacies are repeatedly interbedded with no facies transition. The iron formations preserve the rare earth element geochemistry of their contemporaneous seawater and contain rare Ce and Eu anomalies. The geochemistry does not implicate a hydrothermal influence. The Chuos iron formation is interpreted to have been deposited in an ice-proximal glacio-marine setting in a sub-ice shelf environment. Oxygenated fluids, such as sea ice brines and glacial meltwater, are invoked as a mechanism to precipitate iron oxides due to mixing with ferruginous seawater. The iron formation accumulates under an ice shelf with little clastic input. Episodic movement of the grounding line reworks the sediments into ferruginous diamict. Glaciogenic debris flows are intercalated with the iron formations. Palaeobathymetric depressions and accompanying brine pools increased the preservation potential of these iron formations. This model explains the relationship between glaciation and iron formation in the Neoproterozoic. Supplementary material: The full set of geochemical data is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4031125.v1
Sedimentary depocenters on Snowball Earth: Case studies from the Sturtian Chuos Formation in northern Namibia Open Access
Simple composite sedimentary log of the Chuos Formation in the Ghaub and Va... Available to Purchase
Thin-section photographs of Chuos Formation microstructures at Ghaub–Varian... Available to Purchase
Outcrop expression of Chuos Formation diamictites in northern Namibia at Gh... Available to Purchase
Paired thin-section photograph and interpretation of Chuos Formation micros... Available to Purchase
Columnar sections of the Chuos Formation diamictite wedge in the southweste... Open Access
Bar graph of syn-glacial Chuos Formation stratigraphic thicknesses in 88 co... Open Access
Ferruginous facies of the Chuos Formation, Namibia. A: Lamination within ch... Available to Purchase
GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE GENESIS OF THE OTJOSONDU FERROMANGANESE DEPOSIT, NAMIBIA: HYDROTHERMAL EXHALATIVE VERSUS HYDROGENETIC (INCLUDING SNOWBALL-EARTH) ORIGINS Available to Purchase
Snowball Earth Under the Microscope Available to Purchase
Ice-rafted dropstones in “postglacial” Cryogenian cap carbonates Available to Purchase
Columnar sections of the lower Naauwpoort(?) and Chuos Formations in the To... Open Access
Calcite–dolomite cycles in the Neoproterozoic Cap carbonates, Otavi Group, Namibia Available to Purchase
Abstract The lower cap carbonate (Rasthof Formation) overlies Neoproterozoic glacial deposits (Chuos Formation) and is exposed in the Khowarib-Warmquelle area in Northern Namibia. The basal 14.2 m part of the Rasthof Formation (total about 220 m) consists of the carbonate rhythmite. The rhythmite part of the Rasthof Formation contains 1 m cycles of dark- and light-coloured rhythmites. Alizarin-red staining of thin sections and elemental mapping of polished samples indicate that the dark-coloured parts are rich in calcite, whereas the light-coloured parts are dolomite-rich. On a 1 cm scale, a reddish clay layer is intercalated in each calcite rich dark-coloured rhythmite part. These cycles of reddish clays as well as some associated major turbidites can be well correlated between columns up to about 20 km distance. Furthermore, at one locality (K4), rip-up clasts occur in a turbidite bed. Their lithology consists of dark- and light-coloured rhythmite and a reddish clay layer and can be judged to have been derived from underlying horizons. Because the clasts are elastically deformed, it is strongly suggested that the difference in lithology observed within the basal part of the Rasthof Formation existed when clasts were ripped-up shortly after sedimentation. This suggests that the cycle involving dolomite is synsedimentary, and not a diagenetic feature. Direct precipitation of dolomite does not occur in present day open marine seawater. Hurtgen et al. (2002) suggest that seawater was depleted in sulphate after Neoproterozoic glaciation. It is proposed here that some possible depositional models of cycles that consist of calcite-rich and dolomite-rich parts as well as reddish clay beds in rhythmites of the Rasthof cap carbonate.