Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
-
Nyiragongo (1)
-
-
-
Gabon (1)
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Congo Craton (3)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (4)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
South Sudan (1)
-
Sudan (4)
-
Tanzania (2)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kariba (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Kalahari Desert (2)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (2)
-
Nile River (2)
-
Nile Valley (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (3)
-
Ahnet (2)
-
Bechar Algeria
-
Ougarta Algeria (1)
-
-
Berkine Basin (1)
-
Hassi Messaoud Field (1)
-
Mouydir (2)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (8)
-
High Atlas (4)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Aswan Egypt (1)
-
Eastern Desert (7)
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
Safaga Egypt (1)
-
Sinai Egypt (3)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (7)
-
Illizi Basin (4)
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (1)
-
-
Maghreb (1)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (8)
-
High Atlas (4)
-
-
Rif (3)
-
-
Tindouf Basin (3)
-
Tunisia (5)
-
Western Sahara (4)
-
-
Nubian Shield (16)
-
Reguibat Ridge (2)
-
Sahara (22)
-
Sahel (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kalahari Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (3)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
Volta Basin (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benin (1)
-
Benue Valley (1)
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Cameroon (2)
-
Chad (4)
-
Mali (2)
-
Mauritania (6)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
Niger (5)
-
Nigeria (4)
-
Senegal (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (3)
-
-
West African Craton (10)
-
West African Shield (5)
-
Zambezi Valley (2)
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Kara Sea (1)
-
Laptev Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (16)
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman (2)
-
Saudi Arabia (13)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (1)
-
-
Yemen (1)
-
-
Baikal Mountains (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Eastern Kazakhstan (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
-
-
China
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Qaidam Basin (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Akiyoshi (1)
-
-
-
Sino-Korean Platform (1)
-
-
Himalayas (4)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Spiti (1)
-
-
Jharkhand India
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India
-
Bhandara India (1)
-
-
Punjab India (1)
-
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Kohistan (1)
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Lena River (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (2)
-
Iraq
-
Kirkuk Iraq (1)
-
-
Israel
-
Elath Israel (1)
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Jordan (6)
-
Syria (1)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
Taurus Mountains (2)
-
-
Zagros (3)
-
-
Ob River (1)
-
Popigay Structure (1)
-
Siberian Platform (3)
-
Sri Lanka (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (2)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Yenisei River (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Fuerteventura (1)
-
Gomera (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic region (2)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Great Artesian Basin (1)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
-
-
Avalon Zone (2)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (1)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Yarmouth County Nova Scotia
-
Yarmouth Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador (1)
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
Kamouraska County Quebec (1)
-
L'Islet County Quebec (1)
-
Quebec City Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
-
-
Cap Blanc (1)
-
Caribbean region (1)
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Colorado River basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Eastern Kazakhstan (1)
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Baikal Mountains (1)
-
Lena River (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
-
Ob River (1)
-
Popigay Structure (1)
-
Siberian Platform (3)
-
Yenisei River (1)
-
-
-
Craters of the Moon (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
Eurasia (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
-
-
Baltic region
-
Estonia (1)
-
-
Brianconnais Zone (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Jura Switzerland (1)
-
Swiss Jura Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Jura Mountains
-
Swiss Jura Mountains (1)
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (2)
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (1)
-
-
Hellenides (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (4)
-
Duero Basin (1)
-
Iberian Massif (3)
-
Ossa-Morena Zone (2)
-
Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Alpujarride Complex (1)
-
Cordoba Spain (1)
-
Nevado-Filabride Complex (1)
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Catalonia Spain (1)
-
Extremadura Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Liguria Italy
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (2)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
Umbria Italy
-
Perugia Italy
-
Gubbio Italy (1)
-
-
-
Veneto Italy
-
Euganean Hills (1)
-
-
-
-
Variscides (3)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Brabant Massif (1)
-
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (5)
-
Aude France
-
Mouthoumet Massif (1)
-
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Manche France
-
Cotentin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Normandy (1)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Finnmark Norway
-
Varanger Fjord (1)
-
-
Hardangervidda (1)
-
Northern Norway (1)
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
-
Scandinavian Mountains (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain (1)
-
-
-
-
Guadalupe Mountains (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (2)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Gulf of Aqaba (1)
-
Gulf of Suez (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
Lake Victoria (1)
-
Mackenzie River valley (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (1)
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (2)
-
Levantine Basin (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean (2)
-
-
Meseta (2)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Craton (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (2)
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Western Interior (1)
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
-
-
-
-
Red Sea region (1)
-
Rio Negro (1)
-
Sinai (4)
-
South America
-
Amazonian Craton (1)
-
Andes (1)
-
Argentina
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil
-
Bahia Brazil (1)
-
Borborema Province (1)
-
Brazilian Shield (1)
-
Goias Brazil (1)
-
Maranhao Brazil (1)
-
Minas Gerais Brazil (1)
-
Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Colombia (2)
-
Dom Feliciano Belt (1)
-
Rio de la Plata Craton (1)
-
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
-
Arizona (2)
-
Arkansas
-
Pike County Arkansas (1)
-
-
California (1)
-
Colorado (2)
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada
-
Las Vegas Nevada (1)
-
-
Las Vegas Valley (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
-
New England (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Catron County New Mexico (1)
-
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Dare County North Carolina
-
Cape Hatteras (1)
-
-
-
Oregon
-
Mount Hood (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Texas
-
Culberson County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Uncompahgre Uplift (1)
-
Washington
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (1)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wisconsin
-
Milwaukee County Wisconsin (1)
-
Waukesha County Wisconsin (1)
-
-
Wyoming (1)
-
Wyoming Province (1)
-
-
USSR (2)
-
Western Desert (2)
-
-
commodities
-
bauxite deposits (1)
-
borate deposits (1)
-
brines (1)
-
clay deposits (1)
-
coal deposits (1)
-
diamond deposits (4)
-
energy sources (1)
-
gems (2)
-
gypsum deposits (1)
-
kaolin deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (5)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (7)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineral resources (3)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
-
phosphate deposits (2)
-
placers (2)
-
sulfur deposits (1)
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (30)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (2)
-
Be-10 (4)
-
C-14 (3)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
D/H (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
Lu/Hf (4)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (4)
-
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii
-
Selachii (2)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Lissamphibia
-
Anura (1)
-
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Cetacea (2)
-
Proboscidea (1)
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia
-
Crocodylidae (1)
-
-
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
Thecodontia
-
Aetosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
Hemichordata (2)
-
ichnofossils
-
Arenicolites (1)
-
Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
-
Cruziana (1)
-
Nereites (1)
-
Palaeophycus (1)
-
Rusophycus (1)
-
Skolithos (1)
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
Zoophycos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Chelicerata
-
Arachnida (1)
-
Merostomata
-
Eurypterida (1)
-
Xiphosura (1)
-
-
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina
-
Cytheracea
-
Cyprideis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Ptychopariida
-
Proetidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (5)
-
Bryozoa (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (2)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
Nautiloidea (2)
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (3)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (2)
-
Polychaeta (1)
-
scolecodonts (2)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
Conodonta (6)
-
scolecodonts (2)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (4)
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta (1)
-
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
Pterobranchia (2)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (2)
-
Ar/Ar (3)
-
exposure age (4)
-
fission-track dating (4)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
Lu/Hf (4)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (2)
-
paleomagnetism (11)
-
Pb/Pb (2)
-
Rb/Sr (4)
-
Re/Os (1)
-
Sm/Nd (6)
-
Th/U (1)
-
thermochronology (10)
-
U/Pb (55)
-
U/Th/Pb (3)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (2)
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene (3)
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (3)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
-
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic (2)
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (2)
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian (3)
-
Upper Carboniferous (3)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian
-
Horn Plateau Formation (1)
-
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (6)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (4)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Floian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Hirnantian (5)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Delaware Mountain Group (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (3)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean (3)
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
-
Hadean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (3)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
-
Ediacaran (9)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Tonian (6)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites
-
tonalite (1)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros (3)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
leucogranite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (5)
-
lamproite (2)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (2)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
-
rhyolites (3)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (7)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (3)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (5)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (3)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites (5)
-
phyllites (3)
-
quartzites (7)
-
schists (4)
-
-
ophiolite (7)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
iron meteorites (1)
-
stony irons
-
pallasite (1)
-
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
angrite (1)
-
aubrite (1)
-
diogenite (1)
-
eucrite (1)
-
howardite (1)
-
ureilite (1)
-
-
chondrites
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
borates (1)
-
carbonates
-
calcite (2)
-
dolomite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
diamond (1)
-
graphite (2)
-
lonsdaleite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
alexandrite (1)
-
hoegbomite (1)
-
hydroxides (1)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
perovskite (1)
-
rutile (2)
-
spinel (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (9)
-
florencite (1)
-
monazite (3)
-
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
arfvedsonite (1)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
diopside (1)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
omphacite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (2)
-
kyanite (1)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
-
staurolite (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (45)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
emerald (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (2)
-
smectite (3)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
phengite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anglesite (1)
-
barite (1)
-
celestine (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (70)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
-
Nyiragongo (1)
-
-
-
Gabon (1)
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Congo Craton (3)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (4)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
South Sudan (1)
-
Sudan (4)
-
Tanzania (2)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kariba (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Kalahari Desert (2)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (2)
-
Nile River (2)
-
Nile Valley (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (3)
-
Ahnet (2)
-
Bechar Algeria
-
Ougarta Algeria (1)
-
-
Berkine Basin (1)
-
Hassi Messaoud Field (1)
-
Mouydir (2)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (8)
-
High Atlas (4)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Aswan Egypt (1)
-
Eastern Desert (7)
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
Safaga Egypt (1)
-
Sinai Egypt (3)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (7)
-
Illizi Basin (4)
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (1)
-
-
Maghreb (1)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (8)
-
High Atlas (4)
-
-
Rif (3)
-
-
Tindouf Basin (3)
-
Tunisia (5)
-
Western Sahara (4)
-
-
Nubian Shield (16)
-
Reguibat Ridge (2)
-
Sahara (22)
-
Sahel (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kalahari Craton (2)
-
Karoo Basin (3)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
Tibesti Massif (1)
-
Volta Basin (1)
-
West Africa
-
Benin (1)
-
Benue Valley (1)
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Cameroon (2)
-
Chad (4)
-
Mali (2)
-
Mauritania (6)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
Niger (5)
-
Nigeria (4)
-
Senegal (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (3)
-
-
West African Craton (10)
-
West African Shield (5)
-
Zambezi Valley (2)
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Kara Sea (1)
-
Laptev Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Haltenbanken (1)
-
Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (16)
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman (2)
-
Saudi Arabia (13)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (1)
-
-
Yemen (1)
-
-
Baikal Mountains (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Eastern Kazakhstan (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
-
-
China
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Qaidam Basin (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Akiyoshi (1)
-
-
-
Sino-Korean Platform (1)
-
-
Himalayas (4)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Spiti (1)
-
-
Jharkhand India
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India
-
Bhandara India (1)
-
-
Punjab India (1)
-
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Kohistan (1)
-
Pakistan
-
Punjab Pakistan
-
Salt Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Lena River (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (2)
-
Iraq
-
Kirkuk Iraq (1)
-
-
Israel
-
Elath Israel (1)
-
Negev (1)
-
-
Jordan (6)
-
Syria (1)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
Taurus Mountains (2)
-
-
Zagros (3)
-
-
Ob River (1)
-
Popigay Structure (1)
-
Siberian Platform (3)
-
Sri Lanka (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (2)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Yenisei River (1)
-
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Fuerteventura (1)
-
Gomera (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic region (2)
-
atmosphere (3)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Great Artesian Basin (1)
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
bauxite deposits (1)
-
bibliography (8)
-
biogeography (10)
-
biography (3)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (1)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Yarmouth County Nova Scotia
-
Yarmouth Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador (1)
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
Kamouraska County Quebec (1)
-
L'Islet County Quebec (1)
-
Quebec City Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Caribbean region (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (2)
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene (3)
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii
-
Selachii (2)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Lissamphibia
-
Anura (1)
-
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Cetacea (2)
-
Proboscidea (1)
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia
-
Crocodylidae (1)
-
-
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
Thecodontia
-
Aetosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay deposits (1)
-
clay mineralogy (2)
-
climate change (10)
-
coal deposits (1)
-
continental drift (9)
-
continental shelf (4)
-
continental slope (2)
-
crust (33)
-
crystal chemistry (4)
-
crystal growth (2)
-
crystal structure (3)
-
data processing (10)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project (1)
-
deformation (11)
-
diagenesis (5)
-
diamond deposits (4)
-
Earth (3)
-
earthquakes (5)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
economic geology (7)
-
education (1)
-
energy sources (1)
-
epeirogeny (1)
-
Eurasia (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
-
-
Baltic region
-
Estonia (1)
-
-
Brianconnais Zone (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Germany (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Jura Switzerland (1)
-
Swiss Jura Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Jura Mountains
-
Swiss Jura Mountains (1)
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (2)
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (1)
-
-
Hellenides (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (4)
-
Duero Basin (1)
-
Iberian Massif (3)
-
Ossa-Morena Zone (2)
-
Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Alpujarride Complex (1)
-
Cordoba Spain (1)
-
Nevado-Filabride Complex (1)
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Catalonia Spain (1)
-
Extremadura Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Liguria Italy
-
Ligurian Alps (2)
-
-
Marches Italy (1)
-
Sardinia Italy (2)
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
Umbria Italy
-
Perugia Italy
-
Gubbio Italy (1)
-
-
-
Veneto Italy
-
Euganean Hills (1)
-
-
-
-
Variscides (3)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium
-
Brabant Massif (1)
-
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (5)
-
Aude France
-
Mouthoumet Massif (1)
-
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Manche France
-
Cotentin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Normandy (1)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Finnmark Norway
-
Varanger Fjord (1)
-
-
Hardangervidda (1)
-
Northern Norway (1)
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
-
Scandinavian Mountains (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain (1)
-
-
-
-
explosions (3)
-
faults (41)
-
folds (5)
-
foliation (2)
-
fractures (5)
-
gems (2)
-
geochemistry (24)
-
geochronology (10)
-
geology (3)
-
geomorphology (6)
-
geophysical methods (13)
-
geosynclines (2)
-
glacial geology (8)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
ground water (8)
-
gypsum deposits (1)
-
heat flow (9)
-
Hemichordata (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
hydrology (2)
-
ichnofossils
-
Arenicolites (1)
-
Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
-
Cruziana (1)
-
Nereites (1)
-
Palaeophycus (1)
-
Rusophycus (1)
-
Skolithos (1)
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
Zoophycos (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites
-
tonalite (1)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros (3)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
leucogranite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (5)
-
lamproite (2)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (2)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
-
rhyolites (3)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (4)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (2)
-
-
Red Sea
-
Gulf of Aqaba (1)
-
Gulf of Suez (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
intrusions (14)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Chelicerata
-
Arachnida (1)
-
Merostomata
-
Eurypterida (1)
-
Xiphosura (1)
-
-
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina
-
Cytheracea
-
Cyprideis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Ptychopariida
-
Proetidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (5)
-
Bryozoa (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (2)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
Nautiloidea (2)
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (3)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (2)
-
Polychaeta (1)
-
scolecodonts (2)
-
-
-
isostasy (2)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (2)
-
Be-10 (4)
-
C-14 (3)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (9)
-
D/H (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
kaolin deposits (1)
-
magmas (10)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia
-
Mahakam Delta (1)
-
-
-
-
mantle (33)
-
maps (2)
-
marine geology (4)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades (1)
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (2)
-
Levantine Basin (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean (2)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (3)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
-
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic (2)
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
base metals (1)
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (5)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (4)
-
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (3)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (5)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (3)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites (5)
-
phyllites (3)
-
quartzites (7)
-
schists (4)
-
-
metamorphism (15)
-
metasomatism (7)
-
meteorites
-
iron meteorites (1)
-
stony irons
-
pallasite (1)
-
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
angrite (1)
-
aubrite (1)
-
diogenite (1)
-
eucrite (1)
-
howardite (1)
-
ureilite (1)
-
-
chondrites
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (7)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineral resources (3)
-
minerals (1)
-
Moon (3)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
North American Craton (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (2)
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Western Interior (1)
-
-
ocean basins (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 108
-
ODP Site 658 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (4)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
oceanography (3)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
orogeny (24)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (25)
-
paleoecology (15)
-
paleogeography (57)
-
paleomagnetism (11)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (2)
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian (3)
-
Upper Carboniferous (3)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian
-
Horn Plateau Formation (1)
-
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Frasnian (6)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (4)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Floian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Hirnantian (5)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Delaware Mountain Group (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (3)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (3)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (4)
-
Chitinozoa (3)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
paragenesis (2)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
-
petrology (6)
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
phase equilibria (3)
-
phosphate deposits (2)
-
phosphorus (2)
-
placers (2)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (59)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean (3)
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
-
Hadean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (3)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
-
Ediacaran (9)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Tonian (6)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
-
Pterobranchia (2)
-
Red Sea region (1)
-
reefs (3)
-
remote sensing (11)
-
sea water (4)
-
sea-floor spreading (5)
-
sea-level changes (17)
-
sedimentary petrology (5)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
beachrock (1)
-
dolostone (2)
-
limestone
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
evaporites (2)
-
ironstone (1)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
bentonite (1)
-
black shale (6)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
diamictite (5)
-
eolianite (2)
-
mudstone (4)
-
red beds (2)
-
sandstone (22)
-
shale (6)
-
siltstone (2)
-
tillite (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
antidunes (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms
-
mud mounds (2)
-
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
stromatolites (4)
-
thrombolites (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-bedding (1)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
hummocky cross-stratification (1)
-
ripple drift-cross laminations (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
seismites (1)
-
-
sedimentation (30)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (3)
-
clay (2)
-
colluvium (1)
-
dust (5)
-
kaolin (1)
-
loess (1)
-
mud (1)
-
quartz sand (2)
-
sand (6)
-
silt (2)
-
-
marine sediments (3)
-
peat (1)
-
-
seismology (5)
-
shorelines (1)
-
slope stability (1)
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
South America
-
Amazonian Craton (1)
-
Andes (1)
-
Argentina
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil
-
Bahia Brazil (1)
-
Borborema Province (1)
-
Brazilian Shield (1)
-
Goias Brazil (1)
-
Maranhao Brazil (1)
-
Minas Gerais Brazil (1)
-
Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Colombia (2)
-
Dom Feliciano Belt (1)
-
Rio de la Plata Craton (1)
-
-
standard materials (1)
-
stratigraphy (8)
-
structural analysis (1)
-
structural geology (11)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
-
sulfur deposits (1)
-
symposia (1)
-
tectonics
-
salt tectonics (1)
-
-
tectonophysics (4)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
-
Arizona (2)
-
Arkansas
-
Pike County Arkansas (1)
-
-
California (1)
-
Colorado (2)
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada
-
Las Vegas Nevada (1)
-
-
Las Vegas Valley (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
-
New England (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Catron County New Mexico (1)
-
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Dare County North Carolina
-
Cape Hatteras (1)
-
-
-
Oregon
-
Mount Hood (1)
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Texas
-
Culberson County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Uncompahgre Uplift (1)
-
Washington
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (1)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Wisconsin
-
Milwaukee County Wisconsin (1)
-
Waukesha County Wisconsin (1)
-
-
Wyoming (1)
-
Wyoming Province (1)
-
-
USSR (2)
-
volcanology (2)
-
water resources (1)
-
weathering (11)
-
well-logging (1)
-
-
rock formations
-
Huqf Supergroup (1)
-
Karoo Supergroup (2)
-
Nubian Sandstone (3)
-
Table Mountain Group (1)
-
Younger Granites (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
flysch (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
beachrock (1)
-
dolostone (2)
-
limestone
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
evaporites (2)
-
ironstone (1)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
bentonite (1)
-
black shale (6)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
diamictite (5)
-
eolianite (2)
-
mudstone (4)
-
red beds (2)
-
sandstone (22)
-
shale (6)
-
siltstone (2)
-
tillite (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (6)
-
tempestite (1)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
burrows (1)
-
channels (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
antidunes (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms
-
mud mounds (2)
-
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
stromatolites (4)
-
thrombolites (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-bedding (1)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
hummocky cross-stratification (1)
-
ripple drift-cross laminations (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
seismites (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (3)
-
clay (2)
-
colluvium (1)
-
dust (5)
-
kaolin (1)
-
loess (1)
-
mud (1)
-
quartz sand (2)
-
sand (6)
-
silt (2)
-
-
marine sediments (3)
-
peat (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (6)
-
tempestite (1)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
soils
-
soils
-
laterites (1)
-
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Central Sahara Shield
The enigmatic continental crust of North-Central Africa: Saharan Metacraton or Central Sahara Shield? Available to Purchase
Geochemical reconnaissance of the Guéra and Ouaddaï Massifs in Chad: evolution of Proterozoic crust in the Central Sahara Shield Available to Purchase
Pan-African displaced terranes in the Tuareg shield (central Sahara) Available to Purchase
Detrital zircon sources in the Ordovician metasedimentary rocks of the Moroccan Meseta: Inferences for northern Gondwanan passive-margin paleogeography Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology has been widely used to constrain the pre-Carboniferous geography of the European and, to a lesser extent, the Moroccan Variscides. The latter have been generally considered as part of a long-lasting passive margin that characterized northern Gondwana from Ordovician to Devonian time, and was subsequently involved in the late Paleozoic Variscan orogeny. We report detrital zircon ages for three Early to Late Ordovician samples from the Beni Mellala inlier in the northeastern part of the Western Moroccan Meseta in order to discuss the temporal evolution of the sources of sediments in this region. The detrital zircon spectra of these samples, characterized by two main populations with mean ages of 630–610 Ma and 2170–2060 Ma, are typical of Cambrian–Devonian rocks from the Moroccan Variscides and confirm their link to the West African craton. A minor Stenian–Tonian population (peak at ca. 970 Ma) suggests the influence of a distant and intermittent NE African source (Sahara metacraton), which was probably interrupted after Ordovician time. Our data support previous interpretations of the Moroccan Meseta (and the entire northern Moroccan Variscides) as part of the northern Gondwana passive margin. The main sources of these sediments would have been the West African craton in the western regions of the passive margin (Moroccan Meseta and central European Paleozoic massifs), and the Arabian-Nubian Shield and/or Sahara metacraton in the eastern areas (Libya, Egypt, Jordan, central and NW Iberian zones during Paleozoic time), where the 1.0 Ga detrital zircon population is persistent throughout the Ordovician–Devonian time span.
Paleozoic formations crop out extensively in Morocco, north of the West African craton. With regard to the Hercynian deformation, various structural domains can be distinguished in Morocco. The undeformed series of the southern flank of the Tindouf basin belong to the tabular cover of the Reguibate shield. Zemmour and Anti-Atlas are parts of a marginal belt, mildly deformed, around the West African craton. The Coastal Block, North-central, and Northeastern domains constitute the Moroccan Hercynian belt, which has been more or less strongly deformed between Late Devonian and Late Carboniferous times. In spite of these various states of deformation, these domains are not distinct terranes since there was a general continuity between them during Paleozoic time; they correspond to the same epicontinental shelf, itself related to the West Africa craton during early Paleozoic time. Later on, their Carboniferous sedimentary facies graded laterally from one domain to the other, and finally, no large-scale displacement occurred between them during or after their Hercynian deformation. On the other hand, three domains show sedimentological and structural differences with the rest of Morocco, which distinguish them from the areas connected with the Western Africa craton. The Western Sahara belt is a Mauritanide klippe thrusted eastward upon the craton. The Sehoul domain probably separated during Late Cambrian and Ordovician time from northern Morocco and it was accreted again to the rest of Morocco at the end of Ordovician time by a pre-Hercynian Taconic orogeny. The Internal Rif is an alpine allochthon that was located elsewhere during Paleozoic time, probably at the prolongation of northeastern Morocco. Therefore, Western Sahara, Sehoul, and Internal Rif are Paleozoic terranes.
Northward expulsion of the Pan-African of northeast Africa guided by a reentrant zone of the Tanzania craton Available to Purchase
Continental Shelf Positions During Geologic Time: ABSTRACT Free
Early Opening of Initially Closed Gulf of Mexico and Central North Atlantic Ocean: ABSTRACT Free
INTRODUCTION Available to Purchase
Crete and the Minoan terranes: Age constraints from U-Pb dating of detrital zircons Available to Purchase
U-Pb dating of detrital zircons separated from paragneiss of the Myrsini Crystalline Complex of eastern Crete yielded peaks in 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 Ga. A striking Mesoproterozoic age gap is present between 1.1 and 1.6 Ga. The new data are compatible with U-Pb zircon ages derived from surrounding crystalline complexes of the Cyclades, the Menderes Massif, Egypt, and the Levant. Possible provenances of the zircons of the eastern Mediterranean domains are the Sahara meta-craton, the Arabian-Nubian Shield, and the Kibaran belt of central Africa. Because the age spectra of the eastern Mediterranean crystalline complexes differ significantly from those of the Cadomian- and Avalonian-type terranes, they are regarded as a separate collection of peri-Gondwanan terranes referred to as Minoan terranes. In late Neoproterozoic to ?Cambrian times, the latter underwent Andean-type orogeny at the northern border of East Gondwana, close to Egypt and the Levant. There is no evidence that the Minoan terranes traveled for long distances in Phanerozoic times.