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Cedarberg Formation

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Journal Article

Age of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa and early land plant evolution Free

J. Gray, J. N. Theron, A. J. Boucot
Published: 01 July 1986
Geological Magazine (1986) 123 (4): 445–454.
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(a) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both deposited in a shallow marine environment. (b) Dick Aldridge (right) and Hannes Theron. (c) Typical exposure of weathered Soom Shale sediment. (d) Drill rig at Holfontein.

( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lo... Open Access

Published: 20 October 2016
Fig. 2. ( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both
Book Chapter

The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review Available to Purchase

Author(s)
C. R. Penn-Clarke, C. Browning, D. A. T. Harper
Book: A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System: Part 2
Series: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 17 May 2023
DOI: 10.1144/SP533-2022-23
EISBN: 9781786209658
... of the Paleoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal metamorphic province. Within the Cape Fold Belt, Ordovician rocks of the Table Mountain Group (Piekenierskloof, Graafwater, Peninsula, Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations as well as the enigmatic Sardinia Bay Formation) outcrop extensively whilst pre-Cape rocks of the Kansa Group...
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Abstract
View PDF for content titled, The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review
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Abstract Outcrops of the Ordovician System in South Africa are extensive; they cover significant portions of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces as part of the Cape Fold Belt as well as the KwaZulu-Natal Province as supracrustal cover overlying the Natal sector of the Paleoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal metamorphic province. Within the Cape Fold Belt, Ordovician rocks of the Table Mountain Group (Piekenierskloof, Graafwater, Peninsula, Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations as well as the enigmatic Sardinia Bay Formation) outcrop extensively whilst pre-Cape rocks of the Kansa Group (Vaartwell, Uitvlug, Gezwinds Kraal and Schoongezigt formations) and Schoemanspoort Formation are present within the Kango Inlier encapsulated by the fold belt. The Natal Group (Durban and Mariannhill formations) is entirely located within KwaZulu-Natal. For the most part, these metasiliciclastic rocks are markedly unfossiliferous except for the world class fossil deposits of the Cedarberg Formation and important trace fossil sites in the Graafwater, Peninsula and Pakhuis formations. The lack of palaeontological material and other accurate geochronological proxies in these successions (as well as those of the Kansa and Natal groups and Schoemanspoort Formation) makes estimations of relative age constraints tenuous at best and difficult to correlate with global Ordovician chronostratigraphic frameworks. Regardless of the challenges faced in correlating these rocks within global frameworks, these rocks provide a unique low latitude glimpse into Earth surface processes and the feedback loops that ensued within the biological realm along the southern margin of Gondwana.

Journal Article

Eolian input into the Late Ordovician postglacial Soom Shale, South Africa Available to Purchase

Sarah E. Gabbott, Jan Zalasiewicz, Richard J. Aldridge, Johannes N. Theron
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 December 2010
Geology (2010) 38 (12): 1103–1106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G31426.1
...Sarah E. Gabbott; Jan Zalasiewicz; Richard J. Aldridge; Johannes N. Theron Abstract The Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation (South Africa) is a key early Paleozoic Lagerstätte that directly overlies glacigenic deposits of the Late Ordovician glacial maximum; it was deposited...
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Journal Article

Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa Available to Purchase

THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, FLORENTIN PARIS, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 May 2009
Journal of Micropalaeontology (2009) 28 (1): 53–66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.53
...THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE; SARAH E. GABBOTT; FLORENTIN PARIS; RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE; JOHANNES N. THERON Abstract Isolated chitinozoans from the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, SW South Africa are described and provide a date of the latest Hirnantian–earliest Rhuddanian. The recovered...
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View PDF for article title, Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa
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Selected field and petrographic illustrations of TMG sequences, (a) Thin shale unit interbedded with quartzites of the Peninsula Formation (b) Photomicrograph of the Peninsula Formation orthoquartzite (c) The Cedarberg Formation visible at the base of a valley northwest of Humansdorp (Photograph by M.L Goedhart). (d) Weathered shale and siltstone units of the Cedarberg Formation northwest of Humansdorp. (e) Bioturbated siltstone of the Goudini Formation, showing vertical tubes. (f) Bioturbated sandstone of the Goudini Formation has completely obliterated primary sedimentary structures. (g) Fine-grained and fractured sandstone of the Goudini Formation observed in a borehole 1.5 km NNW of Thyspunt. (h) Photomicrograph of the Goudini Formation sandstone depicting overall composition. (i) northwest – southeast trending, steeply dipping (60° southwest) bedding of quartzites from the Skurweberg Formation. (j) Quartzites of the Skurweberg Formation interbedded with a 3 m quartz-wacke unit. Note the development of a gully trending parallel to bedding as the lithologically less competent grey-wacke unit erodes out. (k) Photomicrograph of Skurweberg Formation quartz wacke depicting overall composition.

Selected field and petrographic illustrations of TMG sequences, (a) Thin ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2017
Figure 3. Selected field and petrographic illustrations of TMG sequences, (a) Thin shale unit interbedded with quartzites of the Peninsula Formation (b) Photomicrograph of the Peninsula Formation orthoquartzite (c) The Cedarberg Formation visible at the base of a valley northwest
Image
Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al., 2004; after Theron &amp; Thamm, 1990).

Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2008
Fig. 6. Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al ., 2004 ; after Theron
Image
Adapted SRTM image of the Western Province, South Africa, available from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org. Field area at de Balie, towns and Pakhuis Pass are indicated by star symbols on the map. The Cedarberg Formation is outlined on the map as mapped by the Council for Geoscience. Insert in top right corner shows the upper stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. The Sneeukop-, Oskop-, Kobe- and Steenbras Members are of the Pakhuis Formation.

Adapted SRTM image of the Western Province, South Africa, available from h... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2009
Figure 1. Adapted SRTM image of the Western Province, South Africa, available from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org . Field area at de Balie, towns and Pakhuis Pass are indicated by star symbols on the map. The Cedarberg Formation is outlined on the map as mapped by the Council for Geoscience
Image
(a) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the palaeolatitude of the southernmost portion of South Africa was 30 – 45°S. (b) In outcrop the Soom Shale Member is distinctive and typically occurs as a recessive marker (here at Holfontein). (c) The outcrop of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. The red box shows limits of map in (d). (d) Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group, and Cedarberg Formation showing fossil-bearing localities.

( a ) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the p... Open Access

Published: 20 October 2016
of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. The red box shows limits of map in ( d ). ( d ) Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group, and Cedarberg Formation showing fossil-bearing localities.
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Sections and 212 D model of palaeovalleys in the study area. Please note sections are at x15 vertical exaggeration (a) and (b) Cross sections perpendicular and oblique to the long axis of palaeovalleys cut into bedrock beneath overburden cover at Cape St. Francis and St. Francis (c) and (d) Tony’s Bay (e) and (f) and Thyspunt. (g) Annotated Google Earth screenshot view of 212 D model showing lower bedrock elevations associated with argillaceous bedrock of the Goudini and Cedarberg Formation. The bedrock high northwest of Thyspunt is associated with strata of the competent Skurweberg Formation.

Sections and 2 1 2 D model of palaeovalleys in the study area. ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2017
. Francis (c) and (d) Tony’s Bay (e) and (f) and Thyspunt. (g) Annotated Google Earth screenshot view of 2 1 2 D model showing lower bedrock elevations associated with argillaceous bedrock of the Goudini and Cedarberg Formation. The bedrock high northwest of Thyspunt is associated with strata
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Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) Location relative to other outcrop of Pakhuis Formation and Table Mountain Group in Western Cape Province. (B) Sedimentary log through strata at Matjiesgoedkloof (KOBE/SOOM—overlying Kobe Member and Soom Shale Member; VRD GP—underlying Vanrhynsdorp Group). See Figure 2C for fossil abbreviations. (C) Cross section through Cape Basin along line A-A′ (in A) showing regional stratigraphic relationships within Table Mountain Group, modified after Rust (1973). PIE—Piekenierskloof Formation; GFW—Graafwater Formation; PEN—Peninsula Formation; CED—Cedarberg Formation (SS—Soom Shale Member; DM—Disa Member); NAR—Nardouw Subgroup; SIL.—Silurian; Sbgp—Subgroup; Gp—Group; Fm—Formation.

Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 28 July 2020
Formation; PEN—Peninsula Formation; CED—Cedarberg Formation (SS—Soom Shale Member; DM—Disa Member); NAR—Nardouw Subgroup; SIL.—Silurian; Sbgp—Subgroup; Gp—Group; Fm—Formation.
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Figure 6. Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov. 1, [C1371C], cluster of mainly articulated valves possibly representing a single generation, arrow pointed on the specimens with preserved pedicle, ×3; 2–4, [C1723A, C1723B, holotype]; umbonal area of the ventral valve showing longitudinal section through fossilised pedicle, ×13, ×20; detail of the pedicle, ×75; 5, 6, [C1371B], ventral valve showing partly preserved cast of the pedicle, ×8; details of the pedicle notch with pedicle, ×45; 7, 8, [C1371B], umbonal area of ventral valve with cast of the pedicle, ×42, detail of the pedicle, ×80. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. 1, 5–8 from Kromrivier, 2–4 from Keurbos.

Figure 6. Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov. 1 , [C1371C], cluster of main... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. 1 , 5 – 8 from Kromrivier, 2 – 4 from Keurbos.
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Figure 1. 1–6, Palaeoglossa sp.: 1, 5, C2043AI, BI; dorsal valve interior and internal mould, ×15. 2, 6, C1761A, B; ventral valve interior and internal mould, ×15; 3, 4, C467A, 467B dorsal valve exterior and external mould, ×15; 7–12, Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov.: 7, C1177A, cluster of mainly articulated valves possibly representing a single generation, ×2; 8, C1371A, small cluster of conjoined valves representing two different generations, ×5.4; 9–11, C850B, digitally inverted view of dorsal umbonal area, ×6, dorsal external mould, ×2.7, detail of ornament, ×6.7; 12, C934A, dorsal valve exterior, ×6. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member Cedarberg Formation, South Africa; 1–6, 9–12, from Keurbos; g–h, from Kromrivier.

Figure 1. 1–6 , Palaeoglossa sp.: 1 , 5 , C2043AI, BI; dorsal valve in... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
, ×6.7; 12 , C934A, dorsal valve exterior, ×6. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member Cedarberg Formation, South Africa; 1–6 , 9 – 12 , from Keurbos; g–h, from Kromrivier.
Journal Article

The late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record Open Access

Sarah E. Gabbott, Claire Browning, Johannes N. Theron, Rowan J. Whittle
Published: 20 October 2016
Journal of the Geological Society (2017) 174 (1): 1–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-076
...Fig. 2. ( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both...
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Journal Article

BRACHIOPODA FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA) Available to Purchase

MICHAEL G. BASSETT, LEONID E. POPOV, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 July 2009
Journal of Paleontology (2009) 83 (4): 614–623.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/08-136.1
.... All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. 1 , 5 – 8 from Kromrivier, 2 – 4 from Keurbos. ...
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View PDF for article title, BRACHIOPODA FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA)
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Figure 4. 1, C1371C, cluster of mainly articulated valves of Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov. and large disarticulated ventral valve of Trematis taljaardi Rowell (left), ×3; 2–6, Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov.; 2, 4, C1723A, C1723B, holotype, ventral valve external mould and counterpart exterior, showing fossilized pedicle (p) and periostracal bands (pb) on lateral sides of pedicle notch, ×5; 3, C1371A, dorsal valve internal mould (left) and dorsal valve exterior (right) showing position of posterolateral muscle fields (plm), central muscle scars (cm), oblique lateral muscle scars (ol), vascula media (vm) and vascula lateralia (vl), ×8.3; 5, [C1390A], ventral valve exterior of mature specimen, ×3; 6, [C1390A], portion of small shell cluster of individuals of various sizes, ×2.3; 7, Plectothyrella sp. [C1177A], group of specimens encrusting an orthocone cephalopod, representing two ventral valves (left and centre) and dorsal external mould (right), ×2.5. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. a, c, e–g from Kromrivier, b, d from Keurbos.

Figure 4. 1 , C1371C, cluster of mainly articulated valves of Kosoidea ce... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
cephalopod, representing two ventral valves (left and centre) and dorsal external mould (right), ×2.5. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. a, c, e–g from Kromrivier, b, d from Keurbos.
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Figure 3. 1–12, 14, Trematis taljaardi Rowell. 1, 4, C764B, C764A, dorsal valve exterior and external mould, ×2.5; 3, 5, 6, C1703C, ventral valve; 2, cast of pitted microornament in the middle part of the valve, ×32; 3, details of pedicle notch showing periostracal bands (pb), ×55; 5, external mould; 6, details of pitted microornament in distal part of the valve, ×38; 7, C975A, dorsal valve exterior, ×3, pitted microornament, ×12; 8, C412A, inverted dorsal external mould, ×2.5; 9, 12, C411A, dorsal internal mould, ×2.7, details of umbonal area showing position of posterolateral muscle fields (plm), central muscle scars (cm), oblique lateral muscle scars (ol), ×7.3; 10, 11, 14, C1629B, C1629A, ventral valve external mould and counterpart exterior, ×3, digitally inverted photograph of umbonal area of ventral internal mould showing ornament and periostracal bands partly enclosing pedicle notch, ×7; 13, Plectothyrella sp. C1127B, dorsal external mould, ×7. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member,Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. Figs 1–12, 14 from Keurbos; 13 from Kromrivier.

Figure 3. 1 – 12 , 14 , Trematis taljaardi Rowell. 1 , 4 , C764B, C76... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
partly enclosing pedicle notch, ×7; 13 , Plectothyrella sp. C1127B, dorsal external mould, ×7. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member,Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. Figs 1 – 12 , 14 from Keurbos; 13 from Kromrivier.
Journal Article

Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) scolecodont clusters from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa Available to Purchase

ROWAN WHITTLE, SARAH GABBOTT, RICHARD ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES THERON
Published: 01 November 2008
Journal of Micropalaeontology (2008) 27 (2): 147–159.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.27.2.147
...Fig. 6. Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al ., 2004 ; after Theron...
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View PDF for article title, Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) scolecodont clusters from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa
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Site-specific geoscientific characterization of Thyspunt, South Africa – an area identified for the proposed construction of a nuclear power plant Available to Purchase

D. Claassen, M. de Wit
Published: 01 December 2017
South African Journal of Geology (2017) 120 (4): 459–476.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.4.459
...Figure 3. Selected field and petrographic illustrations of TMG sequences, (a) Thin shale unit interbedded with quartzites of the Peninsula Formation (b) Photomicrograph of the Peninsula Formation orthoquartzite (c) The Cedarberg Formation visible at the base of a valley northwest...
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View PDF for article title, Site-specific geoscientific characterization of Thyspunt, South Africa – an area identified for the proposed construction of a nuclear power plant
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Journal Article

Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity Available to Purchase

SARAH E. GABBOTT, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 June 1998
Journal of the Geological Society (1998) 155 (3): 447–452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.155.3.0447
... R.A. New evidence on the South African Lower Palaeozoic: age and fossils reviewed Geological Magazine 1986 123 437 444 Cramer F.H. Rust I.C. Diez De Cramer M.D.C.R. Upper Ordovician chitinozoans from the Cedarberg Formation of South Africa Preliminary note Geologische...
View PDF for article title, Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity
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